專題11 語法填空（記敘文 說明文）-五年(2020-2024)高考英語真題分類匯編(新高考專用)(原卷版)

2020-2024年五年高考真題分類匯編PAGEPAGE1專題11語法填空五年(2020-2024)高考英語真題分類匯編(新高考專用)考點(diǎn)五年考情分布考點(diǎn)1生活故事2023新課標(biāo)II卷--動物園教英語;(記敘文)2022新課標(biāo)全國II—修理工救墜落孩子;(記敘文)2021新課標(biāo)II卷—保護(hù)海洋減少塑料努力;(記敘文)2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子變遷;(記敘文)考點(diǎn)2人與社會--歷史文化2024新課標(biāo)I卷--古絲綢之路和“絲路花園”互鑒(說明文)2024新課標(biāo)II卷—湯顯祖和莎士比亞互鑒(說明文)2023新課標(biāo)I卷—美食小籠包(說明文)2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(說明文)2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷—大熊貓國家公園(說明文)2021新課標(biāo)I卷—黃山美景惹人醉(說明文)2020新課標(biāo)卷—博物館作用和挑戰(zhàn)(說明文)考點(diǎn)3人與社會--科學(xué)技術(shù)2024浙江1月卷—商家促銷(說明文)2022年浙江6月卷—給盲人展示觸覺畫(說明文)2022年浙江1月卷—減少飛行應(yīng)對氣候挑戰(zhàn)(說明文)2021浙江1月卷—體重指數(shù)變化背后(說明文)2020浙江6月卷—農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史(說明文)2020浙江1月卷—人口老齡化(說明文)一、命題取向語法填空的命題形式可分為兩大類，一大類是有提示詞的題，語篇留出的10個(gè)空中有提示詞的大約是6到7個(gè)。括號中的提示詞常是實(shí)詞，即名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等?？忌枰C合運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)語言知識技能，特別是靈活運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)語法知識和詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換技巧，結(jié)合文章意思，才能用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。在這幾類詞中，考查頻率較高的是動詞，其次為形容詞以及名詞。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1、動詞(1)謂語動詞一般考查1-2個(gè)，考生需要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否缺謂語動詞。一旦確定句子缺少謂語動詞，需要從3個(gè)方面考慮：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。確定時(shí)態(tài)要先觀察本句中有無時(shí)間狀語，不同的時(shí)間狀語對應(yīng)不同的時(shí)態(tài)。沒有時(shí)間狀語的，根據(jù)上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)確定空格的時(shí)態(tài)，常考查的時(shí)態(tài)有一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。確定好時(shí)態(tài)后要考慮語態(tài)，也就是謂語動詞與主語之間的關(guān)系，是主動還是被動。確定時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)之后，還需考慮主謂一致的問題，即根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定謂語動詞的形式。(2)非謂語動詞一般考查2個(gè)左右，這是語法填空中的一大難點(diǎn)。首先，要先觀察設(shè)空句的主句和從句中有沒有謂語動詞來判斷是否選用非謂語動詞；其次要根據(jù)句子成分(主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等)明確合適的非謂語動詞形式(不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞)?？傊?，可以把握一個(gè)總體方向，即V-ing形式往往表主動或動作進(jìn)行，過去分詞一般表示被動或完成，不定式一般作目的狀語或后置定語。2、形容詞、副詞命題主要圍繞兩點(diǎn)：一是形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級；二是構(gòu)詞，如形容詞變副詞、動詞變形容詞、名詞變形容詞等詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和un,dis,in,im,ir,il等否定前綴。3、名詞除動詞變名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換外，名詞主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的變化。4、代詞考查代詞時(shí)有時(shí)會給出提示詞，這種情況多考查人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)以及反身代詞。考點(diǎn)1生活故事1.2023新課標(biāo)II卷--動物園教英語(記敘文)WheneverItellpeoplethatIteachEnglishattheBerlinZoo,Ialmostalwaysgetaquestioninglook.Behindit,thepersonistryingtofigureoutwhoexactlyIteach…theanimals?SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand37(confidence)speakingEnglish.AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish38?Notthepandas,eventhough39languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto40(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive41(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis42theyneedanEnglishtrainer.So,whataretheylearning?43(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop44toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Asalittlegirl,I45(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,I’mlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.2.2022新課標(biāo)全國II—修理工救墜落孩子(記敘文)HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe56(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.57BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell58(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup59(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he60(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes61screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry62(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly63(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy64(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow65tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.3.2021新課標(biāo)II卷—保護(hù)海洋減少塑料努力(記敘文)I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe56(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,57(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething58(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany59usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws(吸管).Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany60emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow61(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso62(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto63(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany64(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover65plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.4.2021浙江6月卷—林肯老房子變遷(記敘文)Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,56(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.Beautifullyrestored(修復(fù))toits1860appearance,thehousewasAbrahamandMaryLincoln’shomefor17years.In1844theyboughtit57$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir58(marry)ceremonyin1842.Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch59(small)thanitistoday.Mary’sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome60(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof61(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.AlthoughMarylovedflowers,62shenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.Along-timeneighborsaidtheyneverplantedtreesandonlykeptagardenforoneyear.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover63(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.64Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.ThreeofthefourLincolnsonswerebornhere.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand65(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.考點(diǎn)2人與社會--歷史文化1.2024新課標(biāo)I卷--古絲綢之路和“絲路花園”互鑒(說明文)HeatherwickStudiorecentlybuiltagreenhouseattheedgeoftheNationalTrust’sWoolbedingGardens.Thisbeautifulstructure,namedGlasshouse,isatthecentreofanewgardenthatshowshowtheSilkRoadinfluencesEnglishgardenseveninmoderntimes.Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(鋁).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays58(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestays59(close)toprotecttheplants.Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse60(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor61firsttime.TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.ThegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguidesvisitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.Thepathoffersover300plantspeciesforvisitorstosee,too.TheGlasshousestands63agreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute64broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.2.2024新課標(biāo)II卷—湯顯祖和莎士比亞互鑒(說明文)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(紀(jì)念)TangXianzu,___56___isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.TangandShakespearewerecontemporariesandbothdiedin1616.Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___58___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.IhappentoknowthatTang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomeways___59___RomeoandJuliet.”AstatuecommemoratingShakespeareandTangwasputupatShakespeare’sBirthplaceGardenin2017.Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___60___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___61___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed___63___(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.___64___(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare’splayRichardIIIinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguage___65___seehowTang’splaywasbeingperformed.”3.2023新課標(biāo)I卷—美食小籠包(說明文)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.4.2023浙江1月卷—北京胡同(說明文)DuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing56arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.Theterm“hutong”,57(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,58(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften60(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby61(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand62(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.HutongsrepresentanimportantculturalelementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory63capitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric64(event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflect65cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.5.2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷—大熊貓國家公園(說明文)TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).56(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes57sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat58(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority59(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP60(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,61leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate62(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and63(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.Giantpandasalsoserve64anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies65livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.6.2021新課標(biāo)I卷—黃山美景惹人醉(說明文)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.are.Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus(astonish).forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin(I).Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanismusttovisit!7.2020新課標(biāo)卷—博物館作用和挑戰(zhàn)(說明文)Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___56___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig___57___untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,___58___(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___59___openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___60___(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection___61___(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine___62___(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor___63___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical___64___(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete___65___people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.考點(diǎn)3人與社會--科學(xué)技術(shù)1.2024浙江1月卷—商家促銷(說明文)Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra56(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome57youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway58willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s59they’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(單獨(dú))customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe60(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes61(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets62(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks63(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,64otherstaysfresh.Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking65(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.2.2022年浙江6月卷—給盲人展示觸覺畫(說明文)Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting56(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot57(do).JohnOlson,aformer58(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowartto59blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustOureyes:Weseewithourbrains.Researchinthefieldofneuroplasticity-thebrain’sadaptability-showsthatthevisualcortex(大腦皮層)ismadeactivebytouch.Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir60(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof61(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.LucGandarias,who’snowthirteen,wentblindsuddenly62ageseven.Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he63(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.ForLuc,thismeans64(independent)."Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit65toformmyopinionislikebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.”3.2022年浙江1月卷—減少飛行應(yīng)對氣候挑戰(zhàn)(說明文)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics56arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane57(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothers58(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and59(change)theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,60(rough)200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists61(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak62shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof63time,theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe64(invite).ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans65(continue)thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding",shesays,"areallypositivechange."4.2021浙江1月卷—體重指數(shù)變化背后(說明文)Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數(shù))across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier56thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool57givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.Itiscalculatedbydividinga58(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and2559(consider)healthy.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased602.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain61(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.Theresearchersdescribed“strikingchanges”inthegeographyofBMI.In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries62(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed63(sharp).Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople64(live)inthecountryside,including65(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.5.2020浙江6月卷—農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史(說明文)Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirst