Unit4 Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修一

Unit4

(ReadingandThinking)詞匯課堂1.interaction詞族：act,

interact,

interaction詞塊：interactionwithsb/sth2.vary近義詞：differ；詞塊：varyfrom...to...詞族：vary,variety,various,varied等3.appropriateap-(to去)+propri(one’sown自己的)+-ate(形容詞后綴)→適合自己的→恰當(dāng)?shù)摹⒑线m的；反義詞：inappropriate詞塊：beappropriatefor/tosth派生詞：appropriately4.approveap-(to去)

+prove(totest驗(yàn)證)→去驗(yàn)證某人/物是好的→贊成、贊同；詞塊：approveof派生詞：approval,approving,disapprove5.demonstratede-(entirely完全地)+monstr(topointout,show指出、顯示)+-ate(動詞后綴)→完全指出→證明本單元詞匯梳理6.witnesswit(=vid,see看)+-ness(名詞后綴)→目擊者、見證人詞塊：be(a)witnesstosth名詞動詞化：目擊、親眼所見7.employem-(in進(jìn)入、使)+ploy(tofold折疊、卷入)→使卷入、成為其中的一份子→雇用、使用詞族：employ,employee,employer,employment,unemployed,unemployment8.identical詞塊：beidenticalto/withsb/sth詞族：identity,identify,identical9.interpret派生詞：interpreter,interpretation10.differ詞族：differ,difference,different,differently,indifferent近義詞：vary詞塊：differfrom=bedifferentfrom11.favour詞塊：dosbafavour,asksbafavour,showfavourtosb,winsb’sfavour,infavourof,insb’sfavour名詞動詞化派生詞：favourite,favourable12.bow同形異義詞：“弓”和“鞠躬”來源于不同的詞13.breakdown一詞多義：基本義“打碎、打破”14.barrier一詞多義：基本義“障礙”詞塊：breakdownthebarriers,thebarrierbetween...and…,languagebarrier15.anger詞塊：inanger派生詞：angry16.reliablerely(依賴)+-able(可……的)→可以依賴的→可信賴的；近義詞：dependable重難點(diǎn)詞精講employ一詞多義favour

搭配義approve辨析義vary&differdemonstrate一詞多義詞族同義異構(gòu)breakdown一詞多義同形異義詞一句多譯有種類繁多的圖書可供選擇。(variety)(various)1.Thereisawidevarietyofbookstochoosefrom.2.Therearevarioussortsofbookstochoosefrom.variousvariety還記得之前學(xué)過的這兩個(gè)詞嗎？這兩個(gè)詞都可以用來表達(dá)“不同的”之意，我們一起來看看這兩個(gè)詞是由哪個(gè)詞變來的吧。vary

v

vi（大小、形狀等）相異；不同：varyconsiderably/greatly/widelyvaryfromperson

toperson2019

全國Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculture

toculture.人教新選必①–4

vi變化；vt改變：Theweatherherevariesfromhour

to

hour.MydoctorsaidIshouldvarymydietmore.?varied

adj各種各樣的；形形色色的近義詞：differvary同族詞variable

various

varied

variationvariously

variety

vary

多樣性；變化多變的各種各樣的；形形色色的不同的；各種各樣的變化；差別各種各樣地differvi

不同；相異；有區(qū)別(vary)：AmericanandBritishEnglishdifferinmanysmallways.Howdothetouristsdifferfromlocalpeople?

不同意；意見不合(disagree)：Wedifferon/overthematter.Ibegtodiffer恕我不敢茍同：—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—Ibegtodiffer.Oppositessometimesdoattract.2016江蘇approve詞源解讀approvev

vi贊成；贊同反disapprove：Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.

vt批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可toofficiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.：Wewouldbepleasedifyouwouldapproveourproposal.TheMinistryofEducationapprovedanewpolicytoday.?approvingadj

贊許的；贊成的反disapprovingap-(to去)+prove(totest驗(yàn)證)→去驗(yàn)證某人/物是好的→贊成；贊同

【詞匯拓展】approvaln[C]&[U]贊成；同意反disapproval；批準(zhǔn)：Henoddedinapproval.

Thegovernmentgaveapprovaltotheproject.Ihopemysuggestionswillmeetwithyourapproval.disapprovev

反approve

vi不贊同；反對：Istronglydisapproveofdiets;it’sbettertoeatsensibly.

vt［正式用語］不批準(zhǔn)；不同意?disapprovaln[U]不贊同；反對反approval?disapprovingadj

不贊同的；表示反對的反approvingapprove,agree,accept析辨approve指“批準(zhǔn)/正式通過（計(jì)劃；建議等）”，側(cè)重對認(rèn)為正確或滿意的事表示“贊同”或“批準(zhǔn)”。作不及物動詞時(shí)意為“贊成”“同意”，常與of連用。

?

Ourvillagecommitteeapprovedtheplanofputtingoffthesportsmeetingduetothebadweather.agree指多方面達(dá)成一致意見,暗含先有分歧,經(jīng)協(xié)商或討論后取得共識。?Myfatheragreedtobuyabikeformeasabirthdaypresent.accept指同意、接受、認(rèn)可。?Heacceptedoursuggestion.demonstratev

vt證明；論證：Researchershavedemonstratedhoweffectivethefit-for-lifemodelofgymclasscanbe.2010上海改

vt

示范；演示；顯示：demonstratetheuseofthemachine

vt表達(dá)；表現(xiàn)；顯露(display)：InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.人教新選必

-4

vi示威；示威游行：demonstrateagainstsb/sthdemonstratede-(entirely完全地)+monstr(topointout,show指出、顯示)+-ate(動詞后綴)→完全指出→證明demonstrate語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖證明demonstrate（基本義）用證據(jù)等證明某事證明；論證表達(dá)；表現(xiàn)；顯露用行動等證明情感、觀點(diǎn)等用示例等證明如何做某事示范；演示；顯示用行動等證明抗議或支持某事示威；示威游行詞源解讀：em-(in進(jìn)入、使)+ploy(tofold折疊、卷入)→使卷入、成為其中的一份子→雇用、使用employemployvt

［正式用語］使用；利用：Theyarenotallowedtoemploytoolsthatuseelectricity.2008湖南

雇用；聘請：Whendidthecompanystarttoemploynewpeople?Kellyisemployedasateacher.employsbtodosth:Severalspecialistshavebeenemployedfromoverseastosolvetheproblem.

beemployedindoingsth忙于做某事：Shewasemployedinmakingalistofallthejobstobedone.

【詞匯拓展】employeen[C]受雇者；雇員employern[C]雇主；雇用者employmentn

[U]雇用；聘用：Mexicanlawprohibitstheemploymentofchildrenunder14.

[C]&[U]職業(yè)；工作；就業(yè)：outofemploymentcreateemploymentopportunitiesfull-time/part-timeemployment同族詞：employ,employee,employer,employment,unemployed,unemploymentfavour翻譯句子：我遇到了一些麻煩。你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎?Ihavesometrouble.Couldyouhelpme?高級表達(dá)：domeafavour

[C]恩惠；善意行為：CanyoudomeafavourandtellKellyI’mhere?CanIask

youafavour?Doyourselfafavour(=dosthgoodforyourself)

andmakesureyougetsometimetoyourself.

[U]好感；喜愛；偏愛：Ofthetwowaysofsharingbooks,thelatterwinsmyfavour.

2015重慶書面表達(dá)改Amothermustnotshowfavourtoonechildmorethananother.

指具體行為favourn

指情感

[U]贊同；支持infavourof贊同；支持Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobeinfavourofthosewhoareready.in

sb’sfavour

對某人有利Wevotedforthemonitor,andtheresultwas28to15inWangHong’sfavor.指態(tài)度favourv

較喜歡

toprefersb/sthtoanother；有利于：Fortunefavoursthebold/brave.?favo(u)rableadj贊成的；有利的；討人喜歡的維吉爾（Virgil，公元前70年—公元前19年），是奧古斯都時(shí)代的古羅馬詩人，其作品有《牧歌集》（Eclogues）、《農(nóng)事詩》（Georgics）、史詩《埃涅阿斯紀(jì)》（Aeneid）三部杰作?！栋Ｄ⑺辜o(jì)》（Aeneid）breakdownDescribewhathappenedinthefollowingpictures.Abuildingbrokedown.Thelady’scarbrokedown.Thehandsomemanbrokedown.breakdown由

break+down組成：break（使破碎、使破裂）+down（向下）→breakdown打碎、打破（基本義）借助小品詞down去理解breakdown的各義項(xiàng)。breakdownbreakdown

（機(jī)器等）出故障；（身體等）垮掉；（情感等）失控：Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownashethoughtofhisfailuretosellallhisnewspapers.2015

湖北

（談判等）失敗:Talks

betweenthetwosideshavebrokendown.

把……分成若干部分:Eachlessonisbrokendownintoseveralunits.

打破；消除:Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.人教新選必

-4

使分解：Decomposersbreakdowndeadanimalandvegetablematterintonutrients.breakdown語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖打碎、打破breakdown（基本義）出故障；壞掉垮掉“打碎、打破”健康（談判）等失敗“打碎、打破”談判“打碎、打破”具體物體打倒；砸破“打碎、打破”一個(gè)整體“打碎、打破”人際關(guān)系把……分成若干部分打破；消除“打碎、打破”物質(zhì)使分解“打碎、打破”工作系統(tǒng)含有down的短語動詞comedown下來down

breakdown身體垮掉setdown記下pass/handdown把……傳下去calmdown平靜下來putdown放下bringdown降低writedown寫下1.down表示“向下”：__________________________________2.down表示“（寫）在紙上”：_____________________3.down表示（數(shù)量、程度等）下降/減少/減弱”：_______________________________________________________學(xué)習(xí)含有down

的短語動詞可以從down

入手，理解了down

的各義項(xiàng)，有助于理解和記憶相關(guān)的短語動詞。comedown,putdown,pass/handdownturndown,breakdown,calmdown,bringdownwritedown,setdownturndown調(diào)小同形異義詞說出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。1.Whenthekingarrived,allthewarriors（武士）armedwithbowsandarrowsbowedrespectfullytohim.______________________2.Theyhadagoodbuffetalthoughtheircitywasbuffetedbystormslastnight.______________________3.Thegirlbrokedownintearsandtoretheletterintopieces.

______________________4.Theboywaslyingonthebed.Hebegantoregretlyingtohismother.______________________同形異義詞指拼寫相同，但意義不同的詞。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意同形異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別：同形異義詞各源自不同的詞，而多義詞的詞源是同一個(gè)詞。多義詞的釋義之間有聯(lián)系，而同形異義詞的釋義之間無聯(lián)系。n弓v鞠躬

n自助餐v襲擊

n眼淚

v

撕碎v躺

v

說謊1.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculture

toculture.2.CanIask

youafavour?3.Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobeinfavourofthosewhoareready.4.Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.5.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測1.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.（2019全國）___________2.Thehotelsthemselveswillvarygreatly

—frombeingquitesimpleintheearlydaystohugeluxurystructures（奢華建筑）atalaterdate.（2008江西）___________3.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrates（電價(jià)）varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.（2012江西）___________vary一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。因人而異大不相同變化二、從vary的同族詞中選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。vary,variable,variation,varied,variety,various,variously1.Wanderamonga_________ofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.（2018全國）2.Allweneedisasmallpieceoflandwherewecanplant_________kindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.（2014湖南）3.Thesurveyfoundawide_________inthepriceschargedforcanteenfood.4.Lisahasworked_________asateacher,canteenassistant,schoolnurse.5.TheweatherinLondonislikelytobevery_________inthespring.6.Oceancolour_________fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationoftinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）.（2019北京改）7.Grainproducts,vegetablesandfruitareimportantpartsofa_________diet.varietyvariousvariationvariouslyvariablevariesvaried一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thetwosystemsdifferinmanyrespects.___________2.I’mafraidIdiffer

withyouonthatquestion.___________二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子形式。1.Thefindingsofthestudies_____________________（大不相同）.2.Itisobviousthathisviews______________________________（不同于）thoseofhisparents.不同differ/varygreatly/widelydiffer意見不一致differfrom/aredifferentfromapprove一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shedoesn’tapproveofmyleavingschoolthisyear.____________2.Imusttellyouinallhonestythatthereislittlechanceoftheproposalbeingapproved.____________3.Shewantstobeanactress,butherparentsdisapprove.____________二、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I’dbegratefulifmyapplicationcouldgetyour_________(approve).（2011

重慶）贊成/同意批準(zhǔn)/通過不贊成/不同意/反對approval寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Howcanyoudemonstratetousthatyourstoryistrue?___________2.Youhavetodemonstratehowtooperatethecomputer.___________3.Alotofpeopledemonstratedinthestreetyesterday. ___________4.Thefiremandemonstratedgreatcourageinsavingthechild. ___________證明演示游行（示威）表現(xiàn)demonstrate一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Differentartistsemploydifferentpaintingtechniques. __________2.WeemployherasanEnglishteacher. __________二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.WeemployEnglish__________acommonlanguage. 2.Thebossemployedtenworkers__________(sell)computers.3.Themanwasemployed__________wateringthegarden.

4.Most__________(employ)docareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheir__________(employ),becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.（2012陜西）5.Graduatesarefindingitmoreandmoredifficulttofind__________(employ).使用雇用employastosellinemployersemployeesemployment根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrother____________________（支持）it.(n)2.Theexchangerateis______________________（對我們有利）atthemoment.3.____________________________（請幫我個(gè)忙）—invitemyfriendMrSmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.（2009湖南）4.Bothcountriesseemto_____________________（支持這項(xiàng)協(xié)議）.(v)favourPleasedomeafavour

favourtheagreement

wasinfavourof