中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 動詞的非謂語形式

專題十二動詞的非謂語形式

一、動詞不定式1.

動詞不定式的構(gòu)成肯定式：to＋動詞原形，有時可以省略to；否定式：not

to＋動詞原形。2.

動詞不定式在句中的功能功能用法作主語常用it作形式主語，將不定式后置作賓語某些動詞只能用不定式作賓語作賓語補足語與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系作表語一般放在系動詞be、seem之后作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面作后置定語；

若是不及物動詞，要在不定式后加介詞3.

動詞不定式的常見用法(1)常見的后面接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞或短語：afford、agree、

decide、expect、wish、plan、promise、learn、would

like、want、

hope等。(2)常見接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞或短語：ask、tell、advise、

allow、enable、expect、force、would

like、order、teach、want、invite、

wish等。(3)使役動詞和感官動詞用不定式作賓補時，不定式要省略to。這些動詞

有：feel、hear、let、make、have、observe、see、watch、notice等。但變

被動語態(tài)時必須加上to。(4)動詞不定式可以與疑問詞what、which、when、where、how等連用，

構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，作主語、表語、賓語等。(5)常用句型：①It’s＋adj.(＋for

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意為“對某人來說做某事真是太……

了”。此類形容詞通常表示事物的特征、特點。②It’s＋adj.(＋of

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意為“某人能做某事真是……”。此類

形容詞通常表示人物的性格特征、道德品質(zhì)等。③too...to...意為“太……而不能……”；...enough

to...意為“足

夠……以至于能……”。④主語＋think/find＋it＋adj.＋to

do

sth.意為“某人認為/發(fā)現(xiàn)做某

事……”。⑤prefer

to

do...rather

than

do...意為“寧愿做……而不愿做……”。⑥“had

better/why

not＋省略to的動詞不定式”意為“最好/為什么

不……”。⑦It

takes

sb.

some

time＋to

do

sth.意為“某人花費時間做某事”。⑧It’s

time

(for

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意為“(對某人來說)該做某事了”。二、動名詞動名詞由“動詞＋-ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既具有動

詞的特征，又具有名詞的句法功能，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。1.

動名詞的句法功能功能用法作主語單個動名詞(短語)作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)作賓語作動詞賓語，表示一般的習(xí)慣、抽象行為或動作；也可作介

詞賓語作表語多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化為作主語作定語位于所修飾詞之前，只表明所修飾詞的用途2.

后接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有finish、enjoy、mind、miss、feel

like、be

busy、practice、consider、suggest、can’t

help等。【巧學(xué)助記】后跟動名詞的常用詞(組)完成實踐值得忙(finish、practice、be

worth、be

busy)，繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keep

on、be

used

to、give

up)，考慮建議不禁想(consider、suggest、can’t

help、feel

like)，喜歡思念要介意(enjoy、miss、mind)3.

后可跟動詞不定式又可跟動名詞的動詞或短語(1)后可接動詞不定式又可接動名詞作賓語，且意義差別不大的動詞有：

like、love、hate、begin、start等。

三、分詞*(課標(biāo)未作要求)1.

構(gòu)成(1)現(xiàn)在分詞：一般由“動詞＋-ing”構(gòu)成，表示動作正在發(fā)生或主

動意義。They

sat

around

the

table，

singing.他們圍坐在桌旁，唱著歌。(2)過去分詞：一般由“動詞＋-ed”構(gòu)成，表示動作已經(jīng)完成或被

動意義。The

carrot

eaten

by

the

rabbit

is

delicious.這只兔子啃的胡蘿卜非常美味。2.

功能(1)作表語The

window

glass

is

broken.窗戶玻璃碎了。(2)作定語Do

you

know

the

girl

standing

under

the

tree？你認識站在樹下面的那位女

孩嗎？(3)作狀語分詞作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等。Being

busy

now，

I

can’t

go

fishing

with

you.我現(xiàn)在很忙，不能跟你

去釣魚。(4)作賓語補足語其后可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有see、watch、hear、keep、

find等，表示動作正在進行；其后可以接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有

have、make、get等，有被動含義。I

have

my

hair

cut.我已經(jīng)(讓人)把頭發(fā)剪了。

一、選擇填空(

B

)1.(2024福建)It’s

important

for

us

hard

in

order

to

have

a

better

life.A.workB.to

workC.workingB一二(

C

)2.(2023福建)Our

school

has

held

many

activities

the

100th

birthday

of

the

Communist

Party

of

China.A.celebrateB.celebratedC.to

celebrate(

A

)3.(2023福建)The

twin

brothers

are

busy

artworks

from

ocean

waste.A.makingB.makeC.to

makeCA一二(

C

)4.(2024福州二檢)Some

schools

in

Fuzhou

have

built

gardens

on

the

rooftops

for

children

.A.relaxB.relaxingC.to

relax(

B

)5.(2024龍巖二檢)After

sharing

different

suggestions，

it’s

time

and

choose

the

best

one.A.discussB.to

discussC.discussingCB一二(

C

)6.(2024南平二檢)－It’s

important

to

keep

ahead

on

safety.

－Well.

My

advice

is

some

basic

first-aid

knowledge.A.knowsB.knewC.to

know(

C

)7.(2024三明二檢)Live-streaming

(網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播)

offers

farmers

chances

fruit

and

vegetables

across

the

country.A.sellB.sellingC.to

sellCC一二(

C

)8.(2024廈門二檢)Parents

always

expect

their

children

a

joyful

life.A.leadB.leadingC.to

lead(

B

)9.(2024漳州二檢)“New

productive

forces”

is

a

hot

topic.

It

means

that

we

should

use

modern

and

better

ways

the

country

grow.A.helpB.to

helpC.helpingCB一二(

B

)10.(2023福州二檢)

students’

speaking

ability，

Fuzhou

has

had

man-machine

conversation

oral

exams

these

years.A.TestB.To

testC.Testing(

C

)11.(2023龍巖二檢)The

monkeys

were

very

cute

and

we

couldn’t

help

them.A.watchB.to

watchC.watchingBC一二(

C

)12.(2023三明二檢)Beijing

is

trying

to

build

more

and

more

pocket

parks

people’s

living

environment.A.improvingB.improveC.to

improve(

B

)13.(2024龍巖二檢)－Why

are

you

so

excited？－Guess

what！

I’m

invited

the

concert.A.attendB.to

attendC.attendingCB一二(

A

)14.(2024寧德二檢)－Would

you

mind

my

the

window？－Of

course

not.

It

is

really

hot

in

the

living

room.A.openingB.to

openC.open(

C

)15.(2023福州二檢)

the

report

on

time，

Emma

asks

all

of

us

to

work

together.A.FinishB.FinishingC.To

finishAC一二(

C

)16.(2023龍巖二檢)－Where

do

you

plan

during

the

summer

vacation？－Maybe

I

will

go

to

Shanghai

with

my

parents.A.travelB.travelingC.to

travel(

C

)17.(2023南平二檢)Tony

practices

the

guitar

hard

and

often

gives

wonderful

performances.A.playB.to

playC.playingCC一二(

C

)18.(2023福州二檢)Doris

made

a

survey

how

many

students

in

our

grade

have

been

to

the

Great

Wall.A.find

outB.found

outC.to

find

out(

C

)19.(2023泉州二檢)The

doctor

did

what

he

could

the

girl

who

was

badly

injured

in

the

accident.A.saveB.savingC.to

saveCC一二二、短文填空(節(jié)選)1.(2024福建)It

is

best

(know)

as

a

center

for

software(軟件)

research，

development

and

services.2.(2024福建)One

day，

an

idea

came

into

his

mind！

He

thought

of

(build)

bow-shaped

arches(拱)

instead

of

stone

supports.