中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破課件：動詞的非謂語形式

專題十二動詞的非謂語形式閱讀短文，感知、體會加粗非謂語動詞的用法。DearLisa,Myteacherasksustodesigntheemptyareainourschoolforusstudents.Inmyopinion,Iwanttobuildavegetablegarden.Thereasonsareasfollows.Firstofall,ourcountryencourageslabor(勞動)education.Livinginthecity,studentsdolittlefarmwork.Second,studentscanworkwiththeirclassmatesinthegardentomakemorefriends.Third,studentsworkinginthegardencanlearnmorefarmingskills.Fourth,agardenbuiltontheemptylandcanmakestudentsharvest(收獲)alotofvegetables,whichcansavethecostoffoodfortheschool.Lastbutnotleast,studentscanformthehabitoflaborbyplanting

vegetables.Thisisnotonlygoodfortheschool,butalsogoodforthegrowthofstudents.Yours,LiHua1.動詞不定式的用法：(1)作賓語，如：________；(2)作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：

__________；(3)作目的狀語，如：__________

。

2.動名詞的用法：動名詞：動詞的-ing形式，起名詞的作用。(1)作定語，如：__________

；(2)作賓語，如：

__________。tobuildtodesigntomakefarmingplanting3.現(xiàn)在分詞的用法(三級+，僅理解)：現(xiàn)在分詞：動詞的-ing形式,不起名詞的作用。(1)作狀語，如：__________

；(2)作定語，如：

__________

。4.過去分詞的用法(三級+，僅理解)：過去分詞在句子中作后置定語，如：

______。Livingworkingbuilt考點(diǎn)1

動詞不定式(5年5考)

一、動詞不定式的常見功能

功能結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)詞匯例句作賓語動詞+不定式(todosth.)此類動詞有afford,agree,ask,begin,choose,decide,expect,hope,wish,like,learn,manage,need,offer,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse,want等Iwanttocallmyteacherandaskhersomequestions.

我想給我的老師打電話問她一些問題。Hecouldn’thumanlyrefusetohelpher.

從人道角度，他不能拒絕幫助她。疑問詞+動詞不定式when/how/whytodo,what/whichtodoIdon’tknowwhattobuyformymother.

我不知道給媽媽買什么。功能結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)詞匯例句作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞+賓語+不定式(todosth.)此類動詞有ask,allow,advise,encourage,expect,invite,order,tell,teach,warn,wish,want/wouldlike等Theheadteacherwarnedusnottoplaybytheriveratanytime.

校長警告我們?nèi)魏螘r(shí)候都不要在河邊玩耍。動詞+賓語+不定式(tobe+adj./n.)常見的一些表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如:believe,consider,find,imagine,judge,prove,suppose,think等IthoughthertobeniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.

我第一次見她時(shí)就認(rèn)為她人好又誠實(shí)。

功能結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)詞匯例句作目的狀語常用于表目的：todosth./inordertodosth./soastodosth.

三者可以互換，有時(shí)表強(qiáng)調(diào)，還可以把表示目的的不定式放于句首Iworkhardtoearnmoremoney.

我為了賺更多的錢而努力工作。Toplaythepianowell,oneneedsmuchpractice.

一個(gè)人要把鋼琴彈好，就要進(jìn)行大量的練習(xí)?！咀⒁狻?1)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)作用相同的不定式并列時(shí)，只需在第一個(gè)不定式前加to，其余的to往往省略。如果兩者有對比關(guān)系，則后面不定式的to不可省略。如：ThebossaskedTimtogoandfindoutiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.

老板讓Tim去看看有沒有人缺席。Ihaven’tdecidedtostayathomeortotraveltoBeijingthisholiday.

我還沒決定假期是待在家里還是去北京旅行。(2)使役動詞let,make,have和感官動詞see,hear,watch,notice,feel用動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，to要省略；但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：Wesawhimentertheroomjustnow.

＝Hewasseentoentertheroombyusjustnow.

剛才我們看到他進(jìn)了這個(gè)房間。(3)感官動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或發(fā)生的全過程；接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。如：IsawhimplayingbasketballwhenIpassedtheplayground.

我經(jīng)過操場時(shí)，看見他正在打籃球。二、使用動詞不定式的常見句型

句型例句It’sadj.forsb.todosth.

ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.

學(xué)好英語對我們很

重要。It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.Itisverykindofyoutotakemehere.

你把我?guī)У竭@兒，(你)真的很善良啊。Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.

Itwilltakeustwodaystorepairthisbike.

修理這輛自行車將花費(fèi)我們兩天時(shí)間。

句型例句It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’stimeforustodosomethingforourparents.

是時(shí)候?yàn)槲覀兊母改缸鳇c(diǎn)什么了。too…to…Thechildrenaretooyoungtositthroughaconcert.

這些孩子太小，音樂會沒結(jié)束就坐不住了。Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.Thereisnoneedforyoutogetupearlytomorrow.

你明天不必早起。特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式Idon’tquiteknowwhattodonext.

我確實(shí)不太清楚下一步該怎么辦

三、省略to的常見情況

句型例句hadbetter(not)dosth.Inordertoshowourrespectforothers,wehadbetterlistentothemfirst.

為了表示對別人的尊重，我們最好先聽別人表達(dá)。Whynotdosth.

？/Whydon’tyoudosth.

？Whydon’tyougetyourselfacar？你為什么不買輛汽車呢？

句型例句Would/Could/Willyouplease(not)dosth.

？Willyoupleasebringmeacupoftea？請你給我端杯茶來好嗎？prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosth.thandosth.

Iprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthangooutside.

與到外面去玩比起來，我更喜歡在家里過周末?？键c(diǎn)2

動詞的-ing形式(5年2考)【課標(biāo)三級＋，僅作理解】

動詞的-ing與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語等。功能用法例句作主語動詞的-ing形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Workinginthisconditionisapleasure.

在這種條件下工作是一件愉快的事情。動詞的-ing形式作主語時(shí)，有時(shí)it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(動詞的-ing形式)后移Playinggameswiththesechildrenisgreatfun.=It’sgreatfunplayinggameswiththesechildren.

和這些孩子們玩游戲真有趣。

功能用法例句作賓語只能用動詞的-ing形式作賓語的動詞或短語：avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest,bebusy,be/getusedto,beworth,can’tstand,feellike,giveup,lookforwardto,keepon等Ican’timaginemarryingsuchaman.

我不能想象嫁給這樣一個(gè)人。IwillnevergiveupdoingsportsbecauseIhopeIwillbehealthier.

我永遠(yuǎn)不會放棄運(yùn)動，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ腋】?。既可接動詞不定式，又可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語，但含義不同。如：forgettodosth.

“忘記要去做某事”；forgetdoingsth.

“忘記做了某事”Iforgottoaskhimforhisaddress.

我忘了向他要他的地址了。I’llneverforgethearingthispieceofmusicforthefirsttime.

我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記第一次聽這首曲子的情景。

功能用法例句作賓語介詞后接動詞的-ing形式,有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)動詞+介詞+V.

-ing(2)動詞+名詞+介詞+V.

-ing(3)動詞+形容詞+介詞+V.

-ing(2024·57)Ayoungboymadealivingbysellingfrieddoughsticksinthemarket.

一個(gè)小男孩通過在集市上賣油條謀生。Peterisangryaboutnotbeinginvitedtotheparty.Peter因自己沒被邀請參加聚會感到生氣。拓展·既可接動詞的-ing形式也可接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞考點(diǎn)3動詞的-ed形式【課標(biāo)三級＋，僅作理解】

功能形式例句作定語動詞的-ed形式(名詞與動詞之間有被動關(guān)系)Thisisthelabsetupbythestudentsthemselves.

這是學(xué)生們自己建立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。作表語動詞的-ed形式(表示某種狀態(tài))Thestudentsarefullyprepared.

學(xué)生們已做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。功能形式例句作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞的-ed形式(被補(bǔ)足的賓語是它的邏輯賓語，即：被動關(guān)系)Theyfoundtheroomstolen.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)房間被偷了。作狀語動詞的-ed形式(和邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，修飾動詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨情況等)Ifgivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

如果被給予更多關(guān)注，這些樹本可以長得更好。近五年來，非謂語動詞在語篇填空第一節(jié)中，考查動詞不定式符號to+動詞原形、介詞+V.

-ing、動詞+動名詞(作動詞的賓語)。在語篇填空第二節(jié)中考查動詞不定式符號to。1.（2023·河南)TheysayIcanchoosewhateverIwanttodointheendifIkeep____________(work)hardatschool.

working2.（2022·河南)Issarandhisfrienddecidedto_________(solve)theproblemusingafunmethod.TheytriedmanytimesandcreatedatoolcalledSoapen.

3.（2023·河南)Ilovethisgreatmuseum.Itisawonderfulplace______learnaboutChinesecharacters(文字).

solveto4.（2022·河南)SoItry______correctitbyfindinganenjoyablewaytostudy.Readingisreallyagoodstart.

5.（2021·河南)InChina,itisinteresting______seepeopleeatingwithchopsticks.

6.（2020·河南)Togetsomepeace,Itriedatrick(把戲)______keepherbusyforalittlewhile.

tototo一、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Whynot________(talk)toyourparentsactively？2.

___________(get)thereontime,youshouldbequick.

3.Idecided_________(go)tothebeachwithmyfriendsthisweekend.

talkTogettogo4.We’vemissedthelastbus,I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut________(take)ataxi.

5.Itisimportantforstudents____________(study)hardinordertoachievetheirgoals(目標(biāo)).

6.Theteacheradvisedus___________(read)moreEnglishbookstoimproveourreadingskills.

7.Iwas_____________(surprise)toseeyouagain.

8.Themonkey________(tie)tothetreecouldn’tmoveatall.

totaketostudytoreadsurprisedtied9.Iwillhavemycar____________(repair)tomorrow.

10.Thisisthedictionary__________(buy)yesterdayinthelibrary.

11.Mybrothercriedloudly,withtears____________(drop)ontohishand.

12.Shefeels________(leave)outattheparty,whichmakesherfullofsadness.

13.Thereweresomeboys___________(dance)onthestage(舞臺)whenwegotthere.

repaireddroppingboughtleftdancing二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Playwaitmakelaughwatchgivegoencourage14.Jackisbetterthanmeat___________thepiano.

15.I’mlookingforwardto____________thenewfilm.

16.Wouldyoumind___________formeforanothertenminutes？

playingwatchingwaiting17.Peopleoftenlistentohim__________hislectureontheInternet.

18.Mymomoftentellsmethat_________tobedearlyisagoodhabit.

19.Usingbodylanguagecorrectly_______

himmorewelcomeinhiscompany.

20.ThiscartoonissofunnythatIcan’thelp____________allthetime.

21.Theparentsshouldconsider_______________theirchildrentotellthetruthinsteadoftellingliesabouttheirmistakes.

givinggoingmakeslaughingencouraging語篇填空

AWhenhappytakeyearimportanceofkindhesadhelp▏社區(qū)生活-幫老人拍照

▏WuMuliangisaphotographerfromavillage.Hehasaheartfullof1.

____________.Hetakesphotosforoldpeopleinhisvillage.WuMuliangisveryyoung,buthehelpshisneighborsby2.

__________pictures.

kindnesstakingWhenWuwaslittle,hisgrandparentstookgoodcare3.

______him,butashegrewupandstartedschool,theycouldn’tspendmuchtimetogether.Wu’sgrandpadied4.

_________ago.Buttherewasnopictureofhimforthefamilytorememberhimwith.ThismadeWuandhisfamilyvery5.

_______.Wuknewthatmanyoldpeopleinhisvillagedidn’thavepictureseither.Theydidn’thavephoneswithcameraslikeus,soWuwantedto6.

________themtakepictures.

ofyearssadhelpWutookpicturesof7.

_______grandmaandotheroldpeopleinthevillage.Someofthemwerenotveryold,buttheywantedpicturestorememberthemselves8.

________theywereyounger.

Wulearnedthatit’s9.

_____________tospendtimewithfamilyfromhisexperience.Hewillhelpmoreoldpeopleinhisvillageandotherplacestoo.Hewouldliketoseethemsmiling10.

___________whentheylookattheirpictures.Wubelievesthatthesesimpleactscanmakeabigdifferenceinpeople’slives.

hiswhenimportanthappilyB（2024·鹽城改編)Scientistlikebreakhowturnpollutegooditusenever▏環(huán)境保護(hù)-清潔能源

▏Howcanwestopclimate(氣候)change？Howcanwestopair11.

_____________？Howcanweliveonagreenplanet？Onewayistousecleanenerg