安徽省宿州市省、市示范高中2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題 含解析

宿州市省、市示范高中2024—2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測高一英語試題本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。請在答題卡上作答。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whoprobablyhasthewoman’spennow?A.Jack.B.Mr.Watson.C.John.2.Whatdoesthemanlikedoingtorelax?A.WatchingTV.B.Goingwalking.C.Listeningtomusic.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisunabletogivehelp.B.Hewillcarrytheboxeslater.C.Herefusestopayfortheboxes.4.Wherewillthewomanprobablygoforherholiday?A.ToSouthAmerica.B.ToEurope.C.ToAfrica.5.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasdifficultywakingup.B.Helikescollectingclocks.C.Hegetsuplateeveryday.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatdoesthemantaketoschool?A.Fivebooks.B.Threepens.C.Tworulers.7.Whydoestheman’sbackhurt?AHestudiesfortoolong.B.Hepicksupsomedictionaries.C.Hecarriesaheavybackpack.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Wholostthecarkeys?A.Kelsey.B.Tim.C.David.9.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inacar.B.Inthemainoffice.C.InTim’soffice.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatwillMillie’smotherreceiveforherbirthday?AAshirt.B.Askirt.C.Asmallcake.11.Whowillcookthespecialdinner?A.Millie’smother.B.Millie’sfriend.C.Millie.12.Wherewillthespeakersgothisafternoon?A.Toabookstore.B.Toastore.C.Toabank.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.HowdidRobertgoonholiday?A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Bybike.14.Whospentthesummeronanisland?A.Michael.B.Helen.C.Katy.15.WheredidHarryspendhisholiday?A.Onthebeach.B.Inthemountains.C.Onthefarm.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofEmma’sholidayplan?A.Strange.B.Interesting.C.Boring.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatcanpeoplefindonMainStreet?A.Abookstore.B.Abank.C.Acinema.18.WherecanpeoplebuyausedCD?A.InMarketSquare.B.InThePalisade.C.InBohemia.19.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutTheShowground?A.Peoplecanseeafilmthere.B.It’smainlyforchildren.C.Itcoversthreefloors.20.Howlongwillthesalelast?A.Fivedays.B.Sixdays.C.Sevendays.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ANowadays,cyclingbecomesthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexploreacity.Now,welcometoAmsterdam,whichhasbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslightsandwelcometoMacBike!YoucanbikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!WhyMacBikeMacBikeisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdamandithasbeenaroundforalmost30years.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachextraday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourleavesfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00p.m.everyday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itsatisfiesvariousneeds.B.It’sfreeforchildren.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithfootbrakeandnogearsforthreedays?A.€15.75. B.€21.75.C.€22.75. D.€29.50.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyerWindmill. B.DamSquare.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.TheSkinnyBridge.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。主要向讀者介紹和推銷MacBike這一自行車租賃服務(wù)，包括其優(yōu)勢、價格、以及提供的城市導(dǎo)覽服務(wù)等，具有實用性和指導(dǎo)性。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.(我們提供各種各樣的最新自行車，包括帶腳剎車的基本自行車，帶手剎車和齒輪的自行車，帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車。)”可知，MacBike提供多種最新款式的自行車，因此可以滿足各種不同的需求，這是MacBike的一個優(yōu)勢。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由表格中FootBrake,NoGears部分的價格表第三行“1day(24hours)(1天（24小時）)”和第四行“Eachextraday(每增加一天)”可知，租一輛沒有擋位的腳剎自行車，一天的價格是€9.75，額外的每一天是€6.00。因此，租三天的總費用是€9.75+€6.00*2=€21.75。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“ThetourleavesfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00p.m.everyday.(每天下午1點開始，每小時整點從DamSquare出發(fā)。)”可知，導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)的城市游覽從DamSquare出發(fā)。故選B。BOnFebruary13,2023,WuYibingmadehistory,beatingJohnIsnerinanexcitingthree-setfinalattheDallasOpentobecomethefirstmanfromChinatowinanATPtitle.Broughttoatenniscourtforthefirsttimeatjustfive,initially(最初)encouragedbyhisparentsasanexercisetoloseweight,Wusoonhadhistalentdiscoveredbyhisprovincialjuniorteam,beginningajourneythatwouldchangethefaceofmen’stennisinChina.In2017,WuYibingbecamefamousafterwinningtheUSOpenboys’tournamentat18tobecomethefirstChinesetowinamajorjuniortitle,raisinghighhopesforthe“WonderBoy”tochangethefortuneofChinesemeninasportlongdominated(主導(dǎo))bywomen’ssuccessontheprostage.In2018,WuwonhisfirstATPChallengertitleinShanghai.However,thebrutally(殘酷地)competitivenatureofmen’sprotennishittherisingWuwithatoughreminderaftermultiple(多處)injuries—tohiselbow,lowerback,shoulderandwrist—forcedhimtobeawayfromtheATPTourforclosetothreeyears.HemadehisreturnlastyearandwonthreeATPChallengertitlesbeforequalifying(取得資格)fortheUSOpen.“Lookingback,IfeellikeIwouldn’thavebeenhereifnotfortheupsanddownsoverthepastfewyears.Itakeallthedifficultiesandstrugglesasanasset(資產(chǎn))thathelpsmebecomebetternow,”saidWu.“OfcoursetherewerealotofdoubtsbecauseIhadsurgeryandtherehab(康復(fù))wasn’tgoingwell.Thechampionshiptodaywasapayoffforallthehardworkandeveryonewho’ssupportedmealongtheway.”4.WhatdidWufirststartplayingtennisfor?A.Winningawards. B.Developinganinterest.C.Killingtime. D.Becomingthinner.5.WhywasWuabsentfromtheATPTourfornearlythreeyears?A.Hewantedtochangehismajor.B.Hesufferedfromseriousphysicalinjuries.C.Hedidn’tstandoutintrainingforthematch.D.Hecan’tdealwiththepressureoftheATPTour.6.WhatcanwelearnfromWu’sstatement?A.Nocross,nocrown.B.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Morehaste,lessspeed.D.Timewaitsfornoman.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentofChineseTennisB.ThePowerofDifficultiesforAthletesC.ThePioneerofChineseTennisSportD.TheFirstChineseMaleWinnerofATP【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道，主要講述了中國男子網(wǎng)球選手吳易昺在2023年達拉斯公開賽上擊敗約翰·伊斯內(nèi)爾，贏得ATP冠軍，成為中國首位ATP男單冠軍的歷程和背后的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Broughttoatenniscourtforthefirsttimeatjustfive,initiallyencouragedbyhisparentsasanexercisetoloseweight(五歲時，他第一次被帶到網(wǎng)球場，起初是父母鼓勵他作為一種減肥的運動)”可知，吳易昺最初打網(wǎng)球是為了減肥。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,thebrutallycompetitivenatureofmen’sprotennishittherisingWuwithatoughreminderaftermultipleinjuries—tohiselbow,lowerback,shoulderandwrist—forcedhimtobeawayfromtheATPTourforclosetothreeyears.(然而，男子職業(yè)網(wǎng)球殘酷的競爭性給正在崛起的吳易昺帶來了殘酷的提醒，多處受傷——手肘、下背部、肩膀和手腕——迫使他遠(yuǎn)離ATP巡回賽近三年。)”可知，吳易昺因多處嚴(yán)重受傷而缺席ATP巡回賽近三年。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Lookingback,IfeellikeIwouldn’thavebeenhereifnotfortheupsanddownsoverthepastfewyears.Itakeallthedifficultiesandstrugglesasanassetthathelpsmebecomebetternow,”saidWu.(“回首過去，我覺得如果不是過去幾年的起起落落，我可能就不會站在這里。我把所有的困難和掙扎都當(dāng)作一種資產(chǎn)，它幫助我現(xiàn)在變得更好，”吳說。)”可知，從吳易昺的陳述中，我們可以學(xué)到“不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎么見彩虹”的道理，即只有經(jīng)歷了困難和挫折，才能取得更大的成功。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OnFebruary13,2023,WuYibingmadehistory,beatingJohnIsnerinanexcitingthree-setfinalattheDallasOpentobecomethefirstmanfromChinatowinanATPtitle.(2023年2月13日，吳易昺創(chuàng)造了歷史，在達拉斯公開賽上，他以三盤激戰(zhàn)擊敗約翰·伊斯內(nèi)爾，成為中國首位ATP男單冠軍。)”可知，文章主要講述了吳易昺成為中國首位ATP男單冠軍的歷程，因此最適合的標(biāo)題是D（TheFirstChineseMaleWinnerofATP中國首位ATP男單冠軍）。故選D。CWhenpeoplethinkaboutimprovingtheirphysicalfitness,theyoftenneglect(忽視)balance.Goodbalanceisanecessarypartofbeingphysicallyfitandkeytolivingalonglife,accordingtoresearch.It’simportantforeveryone,nomatteryourage.Olderadultsaremostaffectedbypoorbalance.Fallsaretheleadingcauseofinjuryanddeathforthose65andolder,withnearly30%inthisagegroupreportingatleastonefallin2018,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Butyoungeradultsfrequentlyfalldown,too.Forty-eightpercentofyoungadultsreportedfallingatleastonceduringone16-weekstudy.Thefallsmostcommonlyhappenedduringsportsactivities,withwomeninthestudyreportingmorefallsandfall-relatedinjuriesthanmen.Fallswithintheprevioustwoyearswerereportedby18%ofyoungadults(ages20to45)inanotherstudypublishedinthejournalBMCPublicHealth.Thatfigure(數(shù)據(jù))comparedwith21%ofmiddle-agedadults(46to65)reportingfallsand35%ofthoseover65.Whilefallsamongyoungadultswereoftenconnectedwithsports,fallsbythemiddle-agedgroupweretypicallyrelatedtohealthproblemsandphysicalchanges.Manyfactors(因素)canaffectyourbalanceoutsideofage,suchasvisionchanges,braininjuries,overweightandagenerallackofphysicalfitness.Evenifyouhavenoriskfactors,simplyneglectingtoworkregularlyonyourbalancewillresultinincreasedinstability(不穩(wěn)定性).“Ourbodyisconditionedtolosewhatwedon’tregularlyuseandpractice,andbalanceisnodifferent,”saidSusanBaxter.8.Whatroledoesagoodbalanceplayinourlives?A.Ithelpsusliveahealthyandlonglife.B.Itenablesustobuildaperfectshape.C.Itprotectsusfromgettingseriouslysick.D.Ithasthepowertomakeuslookyoung.9.Howdoestheauthorshowtheresearchresults?A.Byhavingadiscussion. B.Byfollowingthetimeorder.C.Byraisingquestions. D.Bygivingalistoffigures.10.Inwhichsituationareyoungadultslikelytofalldown?A.Whenahealthproblemcomesup. B.Whenworkingregularly.C.Whenaphysicalchangeappears. D.Whenjoininginasport.11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatSusanBaxtersaid?A.We’llloseourbalanceifwedon’tpractiseitoften.B.Ourbodyisusedtoworkinginitsownway.C.Weshouldmanageourbodyproperly.D.Wearenaturallybornwithbalance.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究表明平衡能力對任何年齡段的人來說都很重要，我們需要定期鍛煉以保持良好的平衡能力【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Goodbalanceisanecessarypartofbeingphysicallyfitandkeytolivingalonglife,accordingtoresearch.(研究表明，良好的平衡是身體健康的必要組成部分，也是長壽的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，良好的平衡有助于我們過上健康長壽的生活。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fallsaretheleadingcauseofinjuryanddeathforthose65andolder,withnearly30%inthisagegroupreportingatleastonefallin2018(跌倒是65歲及以上老年人受傷和死亡的主要原因，該年齡組中近30%的人報告在2018年至少跌倒過一次)”、第三段中“Forty-eightpercentofyoungadultsreportedfallingatleastonceduringone16-weekstudy.(在一項為期16周的研究中，48%的年輕人報告至少跌倒過一次。)”和第四段中“Fallswithintheprevioustwoyearswerereportedby18%ofyoungadults(ages20to45)inanotherstudypublishedinthejournalBMCPublicHealth.Thatfigure(數(shù)據(jù))comparedwith21%ofmiddle-agedadults(46to65)reportingfallsand35%ofthoseover65.(在《BMC公共衛(wèi)生》期刊上發(fā)表的另一項研究中，18%的20至45歲的年輕人在過去兩年內(nèi)摔倒過。相比之下，46歲至65歲的中年人和65歲以上的人報告跌倒的比例為21%和35%。)”可知，作者通過給出一系列的數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)研究結(jié)果。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圍繞年輕人摔倒情況的第三段中“Thefallsmostcommonlyhappenedduringsportsactivities(摔跤最常發(fā)生在體育活動中)”和圍繞另一項研究的第四段中“Whilefallsamongyoungadultswereoftenconnectedwithsports(而年輕人的跌倒通常與運動有關(guān))”可知，年輕人參加體育運動時容易摔倒。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段SusanBaxter所說話“Ourbodyisconditionedtolosewhatwedon’tregularlyuseandpractice,andbalanceisnodifferent(我們的身體習(xí)慣于失去我們不經(jīng)常使用和練習(xí)的東西，平衡也沒有什么不同)”可推知，如果我們不經(jīng)常練習(xí)，我們就會失去平衡。故選A項。DAnewreportfromtheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)showsthatglobalanimalpopulationshavedroppedgreatlysince1970.Thereportisbasedoninformationabout5,495differentspeciesofanimalsaroundtheworld.TheinformationwascollectedbytheZoologicalSocietyofLondon(ZSL),whichusedittocreatewhatitcallsthe“LivingPlanetIndex”(LPI).TheLPIfocusesonvertebrates—animalswithbackbones,suchasbirds,fish,andmammals.TheLPIreportshowsthatbetween1970and2020,theaveragesizeofthesepopulationsdroppedby73%.TheLPIcanbealittleperplexing.Itdoesn’tshowthechangeinthetotalnumberofanimalsontheplanet.Instead,itshowstheaveragechangeinthesizeofanimalpopulationssince1970.Forexample,ifonespeciesdroppedfrom1,000animalsto500,that’sa50%drop.Ifanotherspeciesdroppedfrom100,000to50,000,that’salsoa50%drop.Thenumberofanimalslostinthesecondpopulationismuchhigher,buttheywouldbothcountasa50%dropfortheLPI.Butevenifthenumbersaren’tperfect,scientistsagreethatanimalpopulationsaredropping.Andthat’saseriousproblem.Thereportshowsthatpopulationshavedroppedinallkindsofhabitats(棲息地).Freshwaterhabitats,suchasriversandlakes,sawthebiggestdrop,averaging85%,followedbylandanimalsat69%.Intheoceans,thedropwas56%.Geographically,LatinAmericaexperiencedthegreatestlossat95%,whileAfrica’sanimalpopulationsfellby76%,andAsiaandthePacificby60%.EuropeandNorthAmericahadsmallerdrops,buttheystillsawa33%dropsincethen.Humanactivities,includinghabitatdestruction,farming,climatechange,pollution,andover-hunting,aretheprimarycause.TheWWFcallsforurgentactiontoprotectEarth’swildlife,recommendingthat30%oftheworld’sland,oceans,andfreshwaterbeprotectedby2030andthathumanschangehowtheyeat,farm,andproduceenergy.12.WhatdoestheLPIreportshow?A.ThetotalnumberofanimalsonEarth.BThehabitatsofdifferentendangeredanimals.C.Theaveragechangeinanimalpopulationsizes.D.Thenumberofspeciesthathavealreadydiedout.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perplexing”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Simple. B.Confusing.C.Exciting. D.Important.14.Basedonthereport,whichregionsawthelargestaveragedropinanimalpopulations?A.Europe. B.LatinAmerica.C.NorthAmerica. D.AsiaandthePacific.15.WhatrecommendationdoestheWWFmaketoprotectwildlife?A.Developingnewfarmingtechnologies.B.Increasingthenumberofzoosworldwide.C.Introducingnewanimalspeciestoendangeredareas.D.Caringfortheworld’sland,oceans,andfreshwater.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。全球動物數(shù)量自1970年以來平均下降73%，主要因人類活動造成。報告強調(diào)需立即采取措施保護生態(tài)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“TheLPIfocusesonvertebrates—animalswithbackbones,suchasbirds,fish,andmammals.TheLPIreportshowsthatbetween1970and2020,theaveragesizeofthesepopulationsdroppedby73%.(LPI主要研究脊椎動物——有脊椎的動物，如鳥類、魚類和哺乳動物。LPI的報告顯示，從1970年到2020年，這些種群的平均規(guī)模下降了73%。)”可知，LPI報告顯示了動物種群大小的平均變化。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。由文章第二段中“Itdoesn’tshowthechangeinthetotalnumberofanimalsontheplanet.Instead,itshowstheaveragechangeinthesizeofanimalpopulationssince1970.(它沒有顯示地球上動物總數(shù)的變化。相反，它顯示了自1970年以來動物種群規(guī)模的平均變化。)”可知，LPI并不顯示地球上動物總數(shù)的變化，而是顯示自1970年以來動物種群大小的平均變化，因此LPI可能有點令人困惑。故perplexing在此處的意思是“令人困惑的”。A.Simple簡單的；B.Confusing令人困惑的；C.Exciting令人興奮的；D.Important重要的。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Geographically,LatinAmericaexperiencedthegreatestlossat95%,whileAfrica’sanimalpopulationsfellby76%,andAsiaandthePacificby60%.(從地理上看，拉丁美洲的動物數(shù)量減少最多，達95%，而非洲的動物數(shù)量減少了76%，亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)減少了60%。)”可知，拉丁美洲的動物種群數(shù)量平均下降幅度最大。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“TheWWFcallsforurgentactiontoprotectEarth’swildlife,recommendingthat30%oftheworld’sland,oceans,andfreshwaterbeprotectedby2030andthathumanschangehowtheyeat,farm,andproduceenergy.(WWF呼吁采取緊急行動保護地球上的野生動物，建議到2030年保護世界上30%的土地、海洋和淡水，并建議人類改變飲食、耕作和生產(chǎn)能源的方式。)”可知，WWF建議保護世界的土地、海洋和淡水。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouliveinaplacethatgetsagooddealofsnowandiceeachwinter,youalreadyknowwhatthenextfewmonthsmayhold:snowballfights,hotchocolate,andsoon!____16____Atthefirstsignofsnoworiceintheforecast,driverswillbeoutspreadingsaltontheroadways.Youmayalsoseepeoplespreadingsaltontheirsidewalksanddriveways.____17____Ithelpspreventicefromformingonthepavement,makingitmuchsafertodriveduringwinterweather.Areyouwonderinghowexactlysaltmakestheroadssafer?Youmayhaveheardpeoplesaysaltmeltsice.However,theprocessisabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Ithastodowithaconceptcalledfreezingpointdepression(冰點降低).Liquidwater(液態(tài)水)becomesfrozeniceat0℃.____18____Whensaltisaddedtowater,itmakesitharderforwatermoleculestofreeze.Ineffect,thislowersthefreezingpointofwatertoabout-9.4℃.Belowthattemperature,evenroadsthathavebeensaltedmaybecoveredinice.Saltoffersacheapandeffectivewayofmakingroadssaferduringwintermonths.____19____Rocksaltusedtotreatroadsendsupinlocalbodiesofwaterandeveningroundwater.Inlargequantities,thiscanreducetheamountoffreshwaterinanareaandnegativelyimpactplantsandanimalsthatrelyonit.Saltedroadsmayalsobethecauseofincreasedchloride(氯化物)levelsinnearbylakesandrivers.____20____Inaddition,thesaltiscorrosiveandcandamageroads,bridges,andvehicles.Theseimpactshaveledsomegroupstoadvocateothersolutionsforicyroads,likesand.Someevensuggestusingsugarorjuiceinplaceofsalt.A.Thisisitsfreezingpoint.B.Whydopeopleputsaltonroadsinwinter?C.Areyoulookingforwardtowinterweather?D.Thischemicalcandoharmtoplantsandanimals.E.However,italsohasanegativeeffectontheenvironment.F.Ofcourse,alongwiththesnow,salttrucksbecomeacommonsight.G.Thesaltspreadonroadsandsidewalksoftenappearsgrayorbrown.【答案】16.F17.B18.A19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是冬季使用鹽處理道路的原因及其影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Ifyouliveinaplacethatgetsagooddealofsnowandiceeachwinter,youalreadyknowwhatthenextfewmonthsmayhold:snowballfights,hotchocolate,andsoon!(如果你住在一個每年冬天都有大量冰雪的地方，你已經(jīng)知道接下來的幾個月可能會發(fā)生什么：打雪仗、熱巧克力等等！)”可知，冬季到來了，打雪仗、熱巧克力等是接下來幾個月可能發(fā)生的事情，結(jié)合空后的“Atthefirstsignofsnoworiceintheforecast,driverswillbeoutspreadingsaltontheroadways.(天氣預(yù)報說，一旦有雪或冰的跡象，司機們就會在道路上撒鹽。)”可知，空后提到了公路上撒鹽的情景，由此可推斷，此空應(yīng)引出下文的內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)選項“Ofcourse,alongwiththesnow,salttrucksbecomeacommonsight.(當(dāng)然，隨著下雪，運鹽車也成了一道常見的風(fēng)景)”承接了空前講述的冬天到來常見的場景，也引出了空后的冬季撒鹽的場景，符合語境。故選F項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Ithelpspreventicefromformingonthepavement,makingitmuchsafertodriveduringwinterweather.(它有助于防止路面結(jié)冰，使在冬天開車更安全)”可知，此處解釋了冬季在路面上撒鹽的原因，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)是對上文中提到的在路上撒鹽提出疑問，才有了空后作出解釋，B選項“Whydopeopleputsaltonroadsinwinter?(為什么冬天人們在路上撒鹽？)”提出疑問，且空后內(nèi)容對此疑問作出解釋，符合語境。故選B項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Liquidwater(液態(tài)水)becomesfrozeniceat0℃.(液態(tài)水在0℃時變成冰)”可知，此處提到了水會在0℃時結(jié)冰，結(jié)合空后的“Whensaltisaddedtowater,itmakesitharderforwatermoleculestofreeze.(當(dāng)鹽加入水中時，水分子就更難結(jié)冰)”可知，鹽加入水后，水很難結(jié)冰，由此可推斷，此空講述的是對空前的內(nèi)容做出解釋，且與冰點相關(guān)，結(jié)合空后“Whensaltisaddedtowater,itmakesitharderforwatermoleculestofreeze.Ineffect,thislowersthefreezingpointofwatertoabout-9.4℃.(當(dāng)鹽加入水中時，水分子就更難凍結(jié)。實際上，這將水的冰點降低到-9.4℃左右)”講述的內(nèi)容也與冰點相關(guān)，由此可知，此空講述的內(nèi)容與冰點有關(guān)，A選項“Thisisitsfreezingpoint.(這是冰點)”對空前的0℃做出解釋，符合語境。故選A項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Saltoffersacheapandeffectivewayofmakingroadssaferduringwintermonths.(鹽提供了一種廉價而有效的方法，使道路在冬季更安全)”可知，此處講述了撒鹽在冬季道路安全中的好處，結(jié)合空后的“Rocksaltusedtotreatroadsendsupinlocalbodiesofwaterandeveningroundwater.Inlargequantities,thiscanreducetheamountoffreshwaterinanareaandnegativelyimpactplantsandanimalsthatrelyonit.(用于處理道路的巖鹽最終會進入當(dāng)?shù)厮w，甚至地下水。在大量的情況下，這可能會減少一個地區(qū)的淡水?dāng)?shù)量，并對依賴淡水的動植物產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”可知，空后講述了冬季撒鹽帶來的負(fù)面影響，由此可知，此空應(yīng)為過渡句，從撒鹽的好處過渡到帶來的問題，E選項“However,italsohasanegativeeffectontheenvironment.(然而，它也對環(huán)境有負(fù)面影響)”與空前內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且引出下文講述的撒鹽帶來的負(fù)面影響，符合語境。故選E項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Saltedroadsmayalsobethecauseofincreasedchloride(氯化物)levelsinnearbylakesandrivers.(鹽漬道路也可能是附近湖泊和河流中氯化物含量增加的原因)”可知，此處提到了鹽會增加附近河流的氯化物，結(jié)合空后的“Inaddition,thesaltiscorrosiveandcandamageroads,bridges,andvehicles.(此外，這種鹽具有腐蝕性，會損壞道路、橋梁和車輛)”可知，此處講述的是用鹽處理冬天的道路帶來的負(fù)面影響，由此可知，此空講的與用鹽處理冬天的道路帶來的負(fù)面影響有關(guān)，D選項“Thischemicalcandoharmtoplantsandanimals.(這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)對植物和動物有害)”講述的內(nèi)容與用鹽處理冬天的道路帶來的負(fù)面影響相關(guān)，且其中的“thischemical”指代的為空前的“chloride”。故選D項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnSunday,30-year-oldRuthChepngetichofKenyasetanewworldrecordforthefastestmarathoneverrunbyawoman,finishingin2hours,9minutes,and56seconds.She’sthefirst____21____evertofinishamarathoninunder2hoursand10minutes.Amarathonisa____22____race,covering42.195kilometers.Runnersmustnotonlybefast,butkeeptheir____23____upoveraverylongdistance.Chepngetichisno____24____tosuccessinChicago.Shehadalready____25____themarathontwice,in2021and2022.Her2022timeof2:14:18hadbeenthefourthfastestmarathoninwomen’shistory.Thisyear,she____26____evenhigher,focusingonbreakingtheworldrecord.Chepngetichranfast____27____,finishingthefirst5kilometersinjust15minutes.By30.kilometers,shewasnearlytwominutesaheadofher____28____competitor,SutumeKebedeofEthiopia.____29____,Chepngetichwasgoingsofastthatformuchofthemarathon,shewasrunning______30______thefastestmenintherace.Actually,onlyninemenfinishedthemarathonaheadofher,______31______manypeoplewhothoughtamarathontimeofunder2:10wasimpossibleforawoman.“I’mvery______32______myself,”Chepngetichsaid.She______33______$100,000forwinningtherace,anda(n)______34______$50,000forsettinganewrecord.Inthemen’srace,JohnKorirofKenyawonwithatimeof2:02:44,______35______byEthiopia’sMohamedEsa(2:04:39).21.A.human B.African C.athlete D.female22.A.hard B.strange C.new D.funny23.A.patience B.adventure C.speed D.balance24.A.competitor B.stranger C.partner D.expert25.A.watched B.contacted C.introduced D.won26.A.aimed B.jumped C.climbed D.achieved27.A.fromthestart B.asusual C.onceagain D.inthemeanwhile28.A.youngest B.tallest C.closest D.smartest29.A.Obviously B.Naturally C.Impressively D.Luckily30.A.against B.alongside C.without D.towards31.A.satisfying B.disappointing C.frightening D.surprising32.A.curiousabout B.proudof C.interestedin D.responsiblefor33.A.borrowed B.saved C.donated D.earned34.A.extra B.unique C.free D.economic35.A.mastered B.inspired C.admired D.followed【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.C30.B31.D32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了30歲的肯尼亞選手RuthChepngetich以2小時9分56秒的成績刷新了女子馬拉松跑得最快的世界紀(jì)錄?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她是第一位在2小時10分鐘內(nèi)跑完馬拉松的女性。A.human人類；B.African非洲人；C.athlete運動員；D.female女性。根據(jù)上文“OnSunday,30-year-oldRuthChepngetichofKenyasetanewworldrecordforthefastestmarathoneverrunbyawoman,finishingin2hours,9minutes,and56seconds.”可知RuthChepngetich以2小時9分56秒的成績刷新了女子馬拉松跑得最快的世界紀(jì)錄，所以是第一位在2小時10分鐘內(nèi)跑完馬拉松的女性，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：馬拉松是一項艱苦的比賽，全程42.195公里。A.hard艱苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.new新的；D.funny有趣的。根據(jù)下文“covering42.195kilometers”和常識可知馬拉松是一項艱苦的比賽，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：跑步者不僅要跑得快，而且要在很長的距離內(nèi)保持速度。A.patience耐心；B.adventure冒險；C.speed速度；D.balance平衡。根據(jù)上文“Runnersmustnotonlybefast”和常識可知跑馬拉松的跑步者不僅要跑的快，還得一直保持速度，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Chepngetich對在芝加哥的成功并不陌生。A.competitor競爭者；B.stranger陌生人；C.partner同伴；D.expert專家。根據(jù)下文“Shehadalready____5____themarathontwice,in2021and2022.”可知她已經(jīng)贏了兩次馬拉松，所以應(yīng)該是對在芝加哥的成功并不陌生，故選B。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她已經(jīng)在2021年和2022年兩次贏得馬拉松冠軍。A.watched觀看；B.contacted聯(lián)系；C.introduced介紹；D.won贏得。根據(jù)下文“Her2022timeof2:14:18hadbeenthefourthfastestmarathoninwomen’shistory.”可推知她在2021年和2022年兩次贏得馬拉松冠軍，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年，她的目標(biāo)更高，希望打破世界紀(jì)錄。A.aimed以……為目標(biāo)；B.jumped跳；C.climbed攀登；D.achieved達到。根據(jù)下文“focusingonbreakingtheworldrecord”可知她的目標(biāo)是希望打破世界紀(jì)錄，故選A?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：Chepngetich從一開始就跑得很快，只用了15分鐘就跑完了前5公里。A.fromthestart從一開始；B.asusual像往常一樣；C.onceagain再次；D.inthemeanwhile在此期間。根據(jù)下文“finishingthefirst5kilometersinjust15minutes”可推知她從一開始就跑的很快，故選A。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在30公里時，她領(lǐng)先最接近的競爭對手埃塞俄比亞的蘇圖姆·凱貝德（SutumeKebede）近兩分鐘。A.youngest最年輕的；B.tallest最高的；C.closest最靠近的；D.smartest最聰明的。根據(jù)上文“nearlytwominutesahead”和跑馬拉松的過程中，可知應(yīng)是最靠近的，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人印象深刻的是，Chepngetich跑得如此之快，以至于在馬拉松比賽的大部分時間里，她都和比賽中跑得最快的男子一起跑。A.Obviously顯然地；B.Naturally自然地；C.Impressively令人印象深刻地；D.Luckily幸運地。根據(jù)下文“Chepngetichwasgoingsofastthatformuchofthemarathon”可知Chepngetich跑得如此之快，應(yīng)該給人很深刻的印象，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.against反對；B.alongside與……一起；C.without沒有；D.towards朝向。根據(jù)上文“Chepngetichwasgoingsofastthatformuchofthemarathon”和下文“Actually,onlyninemenfinishedthemarathonaheadofher”可知她都和跑的最快的男子們在一起跑，故選B。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：實際上，只有9名男子在她之前完成了馬拉松比賽，這讓許多人感到驚訝，他們認(rèn)為女性不可能在2小時10分鐘內(nèi)完成馬拉松比賽。A.satisfying使?jié)M意；B.disappointing使失望；C.frightening使驚恐；D.surprising使驚奇。根據(jù)下文“manypeoplewhothoughtamarathontimeofunder2:10wasimpossibleforawoman.”和上文可知Chepngetich在這個時間內(nèi)完成了，所以是令很多人感到驚訝，故選D。【32題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：“我為自己感到驕傲，”Chepngetich說。A.curiousabout對……好奇；B.proudoft為……而驕傲；C.interestedin對……感興趣；D.responsiblefor為……負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)前文和下文“She____13____$100,000forwinningtherace,anda(n)____14____$50,000forsettinganewrecord.”可知Chepngetich打破了世界紀(jì)錄還贏得了比賽，所以應(yīng)該是感到驕傲，故選B。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她因贏得比賽而獲得10萬美元，并因創(chuàng)造新紀(jì)錄而獲得額外的5萬美元。A.borrowed借；B.saved節(jié)約；C.donated捐贈；D.earned賺，贏得。根據(jù)下文“$100,000forwinningtherace”可知是贏得，故選D。34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.extra額外的；B.unique唯一的；C.free免費的；D.economic經(jīng)濟的。根據(jù)上文“She____13____$100,000forwinningtherace”可知贏得比賽獲得10萬美元，那么因創(chuàng)造新紀(jì)錄而獲得額外的5萬美元獎勵，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在男子比賽中，肯尼亞選手約翰·科里爾以2:02:44的成績奪冠，埃塞俄比亞選手穆罕默德·埃薩以2:04:39的成績緊隨其后。A.mastered掌握；B.inspired鼓勵；C.admired欽佩；D.followed跟隨。根據(jù)“2:02:44”和“2:04:39”時間對比，可知是緊隨其后，故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Travellingcanbebeneficialforourhealthandmayevenslowdowntheageingprocess.ArecentstudyfromEdithCowanUniversityinAustraliafoundthatgoingon____36____（trip)canmakeuslookandfeelyounger.Theresearchersbelievethat____37____(experience)newthingsandmeetingdifferentpeoplekeepsusyouthfulasweage.FangliHu,____38____isleadauthoroftheresearch,said,“Tourismisnotjust____39____fun;itcanalsoim