2024年英語(yǔ)高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題精練 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文含詳解

專題18閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）

刷大題、提能力

1.（云南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023年高三試卷）

Lately,it'sfeltliketechnologicalchangehasenteredanincrediblespeed.CompanieslikeOpenAIandGooglehave

unveilednewArtiHcialIntelligencesystemswithincrediblecapabilities,makingwhatonceseemedlikesciencefictionan

everydayreality.It?sanerathatisraisingbig,existentialquestionsfbrusall,abouteverythingfromthefutureofhuman

existencetothefutureofhumanwork.

“Thingsarcchangingso碗,“saysErikBrynjolfsson,aleading,tcchnology-focuscdeconomistbasedatStanford

University.Ashenotes,thisnewwaveoftechnologicalchangelookslikeitcouldbeprettydifferent.Unlikebefore,

experiencedandskilledworkersbenefitedmostlyfromAItechnology.Inthisnewwave,it'sthelessexperiencedandless

skilledworkerswhobenefitthemost."Andthatmightbehelpfillintermsofclosingsomeoftheinequalitythatprevious

technologiesactuallypromoted,''Brynjolfssonsays.Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywill

improve（heknow-howandsmarlsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.

Butit'salsopossiblethatAIcouldlowertheprofitoftheexperienced,smart,orknowledgeableones.AIcouldreduce

inequalitybybringingthebottomup,anditcouldalsoreduceinequalitybybringingthetopandmiddleclown.

Ofcourse,asErikput,it'salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmake

theBigAlcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.Itcouldalsoempowerbusinessownersto

replacemoreandmoreworkerswithintelligentmachines.Anditcouldkilljobsforallbutthebestofthebestinvarious

industries,whokeeptheirjobsbecausemaybethey'resuperstarsorbecausemaybetheyhaveseniority.

TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudied-anddiesesystemsareevolvingfast—sothisisjustan

assumpiion.Thismachineintelligencecouldupendmuchofthepreviousthinkingonwhichkindsofjobswillbeaffected

byautomation.

1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theknow-howandsmarts''meaninparagraph2?

A.Experienceandintelligence.B.Skillsandpotential.

C.Abilitiesandexperience.D.Outlookandtalents.

2.WhowillgainmoreinthisnewAIera?

A.Theseniorwithhighrank.B.Thenewwithlittleexperience.

C.Thelearnedwithgreaicredit.D.Thepoorwithpracticalskills.

3.WhichstatementwillErikprobablyagreewith?

A.ThefastdevelopmentofAIwillpromotethedivisionofinequality.

B.ThebestofallwalksoflifewillsurvivethecompetitionagainstAIsystems.

C.GiantAIcompanieswillbethewinnerinthefutureworldofnewAIsystems.

D.Lowerrankworkerswithlittleknowledgeareboundtobeabandonedbyemployers.

4.Whichof（hefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheFastGrowthoftheWorldB.TheInfluenceoftheInequality

C.TheImpactoftheAISystemD.TheFutureoftheAIGeneration

2.（2023-2024學(xué)年湖南省名校大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷）

PFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseof

theirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,

researchershavedegraded（降解）thechemicalinthelab.

WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFASjnostdegradationmethods

requireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals-orextremelyhigh

temperatures—sometimesupwardsofl,D00℃一tobreakthechemicalbonds.

WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundin

nearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide（氫氧化鈉）,alsoknownaslye,andasolvent（溶劑）calledDMSO.Theteam

workedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.

WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolic

acid（按酸）felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxidc."Whathappenednextwasunexpected,"Dichtclsaid.Theloss

oftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions（氟離子）andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehind

noharmfulby-products.

"It'saneatmethod;it*sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried."saysChrisSales,anenvironnentalengineerat

DrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."'Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedand

scaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,"Salessaid.

Thisprocesswouldn'tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthe

chemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthe

water,concentratedandthenbrokendown.

5.WhatcanwclearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?

A.They'reeco-friendly.B.They'vebeenwidelyused.

C.They'redifficulttooperate.D.They'reregardedasuseless.

6.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?

A.Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.

B.Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.

C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,

D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.

7.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?

A.Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.

B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.

C.Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.

D.The'.yeandDMSOcouldworkat120c

8.WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales'words?

A.ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.

B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.

C.Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.

DMoreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.

3.（江西省宜豐中學(xué)2023年高三試卷）

Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageof

explorationwillbeoversoon.

Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That'sbecausethestageforallexplorationis

thenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstand

wcdevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingswcappreciatearcworthprotecting.

Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn'tjustthattherearcfewerblank

areasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup（瓜分）.VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaor

KalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnational

parksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.

Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustforihe

protectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwcgainournecessitieslikecleanwater,

foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsinto（hewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitor

populations,andinspireaction——willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublic

experience,understandandappreciatenature.

Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects^—howthechangesintemperatureat

forestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday'sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethatthey

begintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it's

difficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforestedge.

Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureof(heirsuccesswill

bewhethertherearestillwell-preservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Iheirleadershipisneedednow,morethan

ever.

9.Whal'sthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.

B.Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.

C.Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.

D.Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.

10.WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?

A.Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.

B.Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.

C.1(promotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.

D.1(requiresexplorerstolakesufficientheavyequipment.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedparti4popup''inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Appearunexpectedly.B.Closetemporarily.

C.Developquickly.D.Differgreatly.

12.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?

A.Thesignificanceofscientists'fieldtrip.

B.Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.

C.Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.

D.Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.

4.(2023年湖南省婁底市名校聯(lián)考信息卷)

InJanuary,2021,theice-makingworkonthe"IceRibbon”,alandmarkvenuefbrtheBeijingWinterOlympics,was

completed.

In(heWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalllimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicccanmakeall

thedifferences."Ifsnotjustahunkoficelikeyou'dnormallythinkoflikeicecubessittinginyourfreezer,44toldKenneth

Golden,aU.S.mathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresoficc."It'samuchmorefascinatingandcomplexsubstancethan

peoplewouldnormallythink.”

Thefirststepfbrbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.Such

impuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal(六邊形的)siructureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.Thepurerthewaler,the

moreconsistenttheicesurface.

Inadditiontotheneedfbrexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant,Asoneof

themostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxidecoolingtechnologyhasbeenappliedonalarge

scalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2,isnotnewwhenitconicstoicc-making.However,ithasbeengradually

replacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.

Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelementofthe

atmosphere,CO2,doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffectismuchlower

thanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreonasarefrigerantin

ice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.

“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldinamore

impressiveway.*1toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeforthe2022

OlympicandParalympicWinterGames.

13.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforice-making?

A.Thewaterisn'tabletofreezecompletely.

B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.

C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.

D.It'slikelyforathletestofallon:hcicc.

14.WhyhasCO?coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?

A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologyfbricc-making.

B.CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.

C.CO2ismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanFreon.

D.CO?hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.

15.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?

A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.

16.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesArcComing

B.BeneathOlympicIcc

C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames

D.TheStructureofIce

5.（廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三試卷）

Anyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslate-that'sanart,afrustratingart.Or,aside

effectofyourpersonalitytraits,scientistshavefound.

Sowhatisitthatcausessomepeopletoconstantlymisstrains,makeittotheweddingjustafterthebride'sshownup

andregularlyannoytheirfriends?Andwhyisitsohardfbrustofixit?”Thereareallsortsofpunishmentsfbrbeinglate,

andtheparadoxisthatwearelateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequencesexist.^^saidJustinKruger,asocial

psychologistatNewYorkUniversity.

Oneofthecommonestreasonswhypeoplearcfrequentlylateisthattheyfailtoaccuratelyjudgehowlongataskwill

take-somethingknownastheplanningfallacy（謬誤）.Researchhasshown（hatpeopleonaverageunderestimatethetime

tocompleteataskbyasignificant40percent.

Anothertraitisthatforever-late-comersaremorelikelytobemultitaskers.Ina2003studyrunbyJeffContefromSan

DiegoStateUniversityfoundthatoutof181subwayoperatorsinNewYorkCity,thosewhopreferredmultitaskingwere

moreoftenlatefor（heirjob.Thisisbecausemultitaskingmakesithardertohavetheawarenessofwhatyou'redoing.

Contealsodiscoveredthereisapcisonalitytypethat'smorelikelytobelate.Whilehighlystrung（緊張不安）,

achievement-orientedTypeAindividualsaremorepossibletobepunctual.TypeBindividuals,however,whoaremore

laid-back（漫不經(jīng)心），haveahigherchar.cetobelate.

Admittedly,knowingallofthisdoesn'tnecessarilyhelpfixtheproblem.Butscientistsarcstartingtoworkon

strategiesthatcanslowlyimproveourpunctuality.Forpeoplewhoconstantlyunderestimatetasks,breakingdownan

activityintodetailedstepscanhelppeopleestimatehowlongsomethingwilltakemoreaccurately.Asforyourpersonality

type,urfbrtunately,thereisn'tmuchyoucandotochangethat.Butacceptingthatyouneedtostnigglefcritmayjusthelp.

Acceptance,afterallisthefirststeptochange.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paradox”meaninparagraph2?

A.Strategy.B.Argument.C.Solution.D.Puzzle.

18.Whatisapossiblefeatureofforever-late-comers?

A.Theyplantospendmoretimeonatask.

B.Theytacklemorethanonetaskatalime.

C.Theysufferfromconcentrationdifficulties.

D.Theyhavehighexpectationsforachievements.

19.Whichadvicecanbegiventopeoplewhoarcalwayslate?

A.Learntoacceptwhoyouarc.B.Changeyourpersonalitytype.

C.Divideataskintosmallerones.D.Keeptothetimetableaccurately.

20.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Timemanagementcontributestosuccess.

B.Latecomersshouldbeseverelypunished.

C.One'salwaysbeinglateislinkedtopersonality.

D.Changingpersonalityhelpsimprovepunctuality.

6.（廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三試卷）

Nexttimeyou'rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.

AnewstudyinthejournalPLUSHiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,

suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityfbrwhatwchumanscallttculturc.^^

Inthepastcoupleofdecades,agrowingbodyofevidencehasshownthatanimalslikechimpsandbirdsshow

behaviorsoflearning.Ifwhattheylearnlastsforalongtime,itturnsintoatradition.Andcultureismadeupofmultiple

traditions.<4Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostcomplexbehavioralabilities,nobody'sreallythoughttolookat

cultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey'remostlydrivenbyinbornfactorsinstead/'saysAliceBridges,a

behavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.

Toprovethemwrong.Bridgesbuillapuzzlebox,whosebaseheldthereward:adropofsupersweetsugarwater.The

boxwasdesignedwitharotating（旋轉(zhuǎn)）topthatcanberotatedbypushingeitheronaredtabclockwiseorabluetab

anti-clo^kwise.Somebeesweretrainedtopush（heredtabtogetthesugarwaterwhileotherspushedtheblueone.Then,

thesetutorbeeswereplacedinsidedifferentcolonies（蜂群）,alongwiththepuzzleboxes.

Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,

theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab.their

fellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.Incontrast,inthecontrolgroupswithouttutors,thebeessometiireslearnedhowto

opentheboxes,butmostofthemwoulddoitonceortwiceandthenneveragain."Theyperhapshadn'tquitemadethelink

betweentheirbehaviorandthereward,“Bridgessupposes.

“Manyofusconsiderourselvestoberatherspecial...becausewehaveculture,wecanleamandwe'resocial,“Bridges

says."Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebeealsohasculture,whichisanuncomfortabletruth:humanculture,oncethought

unique,docsnotemerge*outoftheblue'buthasobviouslybuiltondeepevolutionaryfoundations.

21.Whatispeople'scommonattitudetobumblebeeshavingculture?

A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Interested.D.Doubtful.

22.WhydoesBridgesplacetrainedbeesinsidedifferentcolonies?

A.Totesttheirlearningcapabilityinnewsettings.

B.Toseeiftheywillspreadthesecretoftheboxes.

C.Toevaluatetheirrulingpowerinvariousgroups.

D.Toobsen-eiftheywillsharetheirfoodwithpeers.

23.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthestudy?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Implicationsonculturalorigins.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Suggestionsfbrfuturedirections.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumanCultureIsLosingItsUniqueness

B.Bee'sBehaviorBuildsonBiologicalFactors

C.CultureMayBePresentAmongBumblebees

D.Animals'EvolutionMayStartFromColonies

7.(2023屆四川省高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷)

It,sbecomingincreasinglyvitalfbrindividualstocultivatestrongcriticalthinkingskills.Criticalthinkinginvolves

analyzinginformationandevidenceinaclear,logical,andunbiasedway.It'stheabilitytoaskrelevantquestions,evaluate

information,andcometowell-reasonedconclusions.

Oneofthekeybenefitsofcriticalthinkingisthatitcanhelpusmakebetterdecisions.Byanalyzinginformation

carefully,wecanavoidmakinghastyorimpulsivedecisionsthatwemaylaterregret.Instead,wecanmakewell-informed

choicesthatarebackedbyevidenceandlogicalreasoning.

Criticalthinkingisalsoessentialforacademicsuccess.Collegeanduniversitycoursesrequirestudentstoreadand

analyzetexts,synthesizeinformationfromdifferentsources,andpresentcvidcncc-bascdarguments.Withouttheabilityto

thinkcritically,studentsmaystruggletoexcelintheircourseworkandmaybeunabletoengageinmeaningfuldebatesand

discussions.

Moreover,strongcriticalthinkingskillsarenecessaiyforsuccessintheworkplace.Manyemployerslookfor

individualswhocanprovidewell-reasonedsolutionstocomplexproblems,thinkcreatively,andmakesoundjudgments.

Criticalthinkingskillsenableus(oconsidervariousoptionsandoutcomesandweightheprosandconsofeachbefore

arrivinga(adecision.

Finally,criticalthinkingiscrucialforparticipationinciviclifeanddemocracy.Informedcitizensneedtobeableto

evaluateinformationfromdifferentsourcesanddecidewhichsourcesarcreliable.Theyneedtobeabletoquestion

assumptions,separatefactfromopinion,andmakewell-reasoneddecisionswhenvotingorparticipatinginpublicdebate.

Critical-thinkingskillsareessentialforsuccessinmanyareasoflife.Theyenableustomakebetterdecisions,excel

academicallyandprofessionally,andparticipateeffectivelyinciviclife.Therefore,it'simportantfbrindividualstocultivate

anddeveloptheseskillsthroughouttheirlives.

25.Whyarcstrongcriticalthinkingskillsessentialforacademicsuccess?

A.Becauseacademiccoursesrequirestudentstomemorizeinformationfromdifferentsources.

B.Becauseacademiccoursesrequirestudentstoengageindebatesanddiscussions.

C.Becauseacademiccoursesrequirestudentstoanalyzeandsynthesizeinformationfromdifferentsourcesandpresent

evidence-basedarguments.

D.Becauseacademiccoursesrequirestudentstoavoidlearningfromdifferentsources.

26.Whyarecriticalthinkingskillsnecessaryforsuccessinoffice?

A.Becauseemployersneedindividualswhosupplyevidenceandreasoningtoarriveatconclusions.

B.Becauseemployerslookfbrindividualswhocan'tprovidewell-reasonedsolutionstocomplexproblems.

C.Becauseemployerswantindividualswhocanmakerightandimpulsivedecisions.

D.Becauseemployerstrytogainindividualswhoprovidereasonedsolutionstoproblems,thinkcreatively,andso

foiih.

27.Whyiscriticalthinkingcrucialforparticipationinciviclifeanddemocracy?

A.Becauseit'sdispensablefbrinlonnedcitizenstoevaluateinformationfromdifferentsources.

B.Becauseinformedcitizensneedbecomecapableofquestion-assumptions,separatefactfromopinion,etc.

C.Becauseciviclifeanddemocracydorequireindividualstobeinformedinadvance.

D.Becauseinformedcitizensneglectevidenceandproofwhenparticipatinginpublicdebate.

28.What'sthebesttitlefbrthispassage?

A.TheImportanceofExercisefbrAcademicSuccess

B.ThePowerofPositiveThinkingforWorkplaceSuccess

C.TheSignificanceofCriticalThinkingSkills

D.TheArtofPersuasioninCivicLife

8.（貴州省貴陽(yáng)市20232024學(xué)年高三試卷）

Theterm“oniomania"，whichisusedtodescribepeoplewithobsessive（強(qiáng)迫性的工problematicshoppingand

spendingbehaviors,consistsoftheGreekwords"onios"，meaning4ifbrsale"，and“mania”.Alsoknov/nasCompulsive

BuyingDisorder（CBD）andImpulsiveCompulsiveBuyingDisorder（ICBD）,oniomaniacanleavenegativeimpactonyour

financialhealthandmentalwellbeingifleftuntreated.

Atthispointyoumightbewondering:"What'sthedifferencebetweenanoniomaniacandsomeonewholikestoshop

perhapsabittoomuch?^^Wetendtobelievethatthetwoarerathersimilar.Clinically（從臨床上看），however,theyare

quiteeasytoseparate.

Althoughpeoplewholikeshoppingwillreturnanitemiftheydonotlikeitandstartbudgetingiftheyrunlowon

money,peoplesufferingfromoniomaniaarenolongerabletomakereasonable,letalonefinanciallyresponsible,decisions.

Theysometimesemotionallydissociatefromwhattheyarcdoing,makingtheirpurchaseswhiletheyarcnotreallysure

whattobuy.Spendingrelievesfeelingsofanxietyanddepression,butonlytemporarily.Inashorttime,theymightbecome

moody,annoyed,anddepressed,andtherconfidencedeclinessharply.

Toacertainextent,spendingmakeseveryonefeelgood.In2007,agroupofresearchersfromMIT,Stanfordand

CarnegieMellonlookedatthebrainsofAmericanconsumersviaMRItechnologyandfoundthatwhentheypurchased

desirableobjects,theirnucleusaccumbens—thebrain'spleasurecenter—wouldlightup,indicatingapositivestimulation.

Thisstimulationcantakeondifferentforms.Forinstance,somepeoplegetparticularlyexcitedwhentheybelievetheyhave

gottenagooddeal.This,researcherssay,istheresultoftheprefrontalcortex—thedecision-makingpartofourbrain一

interactngwiththeinsula,thepartofourbrainthatprocessespain.AccordingtopsychotherapistJoyceMarler,compulsive

buyersintheU.S.makeanaverageof136impulsivepurchasesperyear.Eachpurchasesetsthembackaround$81.75,

makingforagrandtotalof$5,400peryearandathoroughshocking$324,000perlifetime.Thatmoneycouldhavebeen

investedinahome,aneducation,orotherproductsthatyouactuallyneedinordertosuniveandthriveintheworld.

Ultimately,though,treatingoniomaniaisaboutmuchmorethanjustprotectingyourfinancesfromyourownimpulses一

it'salsoaboutmaintainingyourpersonalmentalhealthandimprovingyo.irrelationshipswithothers.

29.Whatdoweknowaboutoniomania?

A.Itisanormalbehavior.

B.Itinfluencespeople'shealth.

C.Itmeanspeoplewholikeshopping.

D.Itdescribespeople'sdifference.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“runlowon”probablymean?

A.runoutof

B.goshortof

C.lookdownon

D.becomerichin

31.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Whymanyresearcherstakepaninthestudy.

B.Howeveryonemakesawisedecision.

C.Howdesirableobjectsarewellwelcome.

D.Whyshoppingmakescommonpeoplehappy.

32.Whatisthebenefitoftreatingoniomania?

A.Itisbeneficialtoeducation.

B.Itdevelopsourdesires.

C.Itkeepsourinindhealthy.

D.Itisharmfultorelationships.

9.（云南省昆明市師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023年高三試卷）

“Itisnecessaryfbrustogotoplacesthatstilllookliketheoceanasitwas500yearsago,“saysEnricSala,former

professoratScrippsInstituteofOceanography.However,inmostpartsoftheworld,marineconservationisstymiedby

oppositionfromfishing,oil,andmininginterests.Amere7percentoftheworld'soceanhasprotection—mostlyweakrules,

andonly2.5percentishighlyprotected.Outsideofthesezones,theocean'sstoryisacontinuingfailure.

Afewremainingpartsoftheoceanarethelastwildplacesofthesea—themarineequivalentoftheremotest

old-growthforestintheAmazon—stillunaffectedbyoverfishing,pollutionandclimatechange.Enricisworkingwiththe

NationalGeographicSocietyandtogetherlaunchedtheEnstineSeasprojectin2008.Overthepast14years.PristineSeas

hashelpedcreate28marinereserves,makinguptwo-thirdsoftheworld'sfullyprotectedmarineareas-coveringmorethan

twomillionsquaremilesinall.

NewSalaandhisteamhavesetanevenmoreambitiousgoal:toseemorethanathirdoftheworld'soceanconserved

forthepurposenotjustofsustainingbiodiversitybutalsoofreplenishing（補(bǔ)充）fishstocksandstoringcanon.

PristineSeasworkedwithnativePalauans（帕勞人）logivea