山東省濰坊市高三上學(xué)期期中拉練測(cè)試英語試題（含答案解析）

高三英語期中考試模擬試題(一)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Cookathome. B.Exploreastreet. C.Eatout.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mtootiredtocookathometonight.Whatwouldyouliketoeat?W:Well,Ireallywantpizza.andthere’salovelynewplaceinthehighstreet.It’squiteromantic,actually.M:Oh,you’veconvincedme.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whichdeskisthemangoingtobuy?A.Theonewithtwodrawers.B.Theonewiththreedrawers.C.Theonewithtwopenholders.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgettinganewdesk,andI’venarroweditdowntothesetwo.W:Ilikethethreedrawersinthebrownone.Thegreydeskonlyhastwo.Also,thebrownonehasapenholder.M:Well,Ithinkyou’reright.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthewomandescribehermove?A.Stressful. B.Smooth. C.Unexpected.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:How’sthebigmovecomingalong?It’sthisweekend,isn’tit?W:Don’tremindme!I’vestillgothundredsoflittlethingstotakecareofbeforelcangetoutofhere.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabank. B.Inabookstore. C.Inapostoffice.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:650...700...750dollarsandyourreceipt,sir.M:Whataboutmybankbook?W:We’llmailittoyou.Therearesomeadjustmentsweneedtomake.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Acourse. B.Aninstrument. C.Asport.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Youreallycan’tthrowverywell.Idon’tthinkyoucanbeontheteamunlessyouimprove.M:I’mafraidI’mverybadatplayingit.第二節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Howdoesthewomansoundatfirst?A.Amused. B.Relieved. C.Surprised.7.WhatisEmilylikeaccordingtothewoman?A.Sheisreliable. B.Sheisplayful. C.Sheistroublesome.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:EmilygotintotroubleatschoolyesterdayW:No!You’rejoking?Whateverfor?M:Well,apparentlyshewasaccusedofbreakingawindow.W:No!Idon’tbelieveit.Whatdidshesay?M:Shedeniedit,ofcourse,andIthinktheheadmasterbelievedherstory.W:Well,ofcoursehedid.HowcouldanyonesuspectEmilyoflying?Shealwaysdisciplinesherselfandnevercausesanytrouble.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarepairshop.B.Inacarrentalcompany.C.Inaninsurancecompany.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Giveuptherepairs. B.Borrowacar. C.Takeoutinsurance.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoufiguredoutwhat’swrongwithit?M:Yes.Oneoftheenginepartsisbrokenandneedstobereplaced.Iorderedit,butitwilltakeafewdaystocomein.W:Oh,that’snogood.Ineedtousethecartogotoatradeshowthisweekend.M:Well,doyouhaveinsurance?Wehavesomeloanercarsthatyoucanusewhileyourcarisbeingrepaired.W:Yes,Ido.That’sgreat.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhywillHelenbeawayfromtown?A.Toattendawedding. B.TomeetAngelaFerrero. C.Towatchaconcert11.Whenwillthespeakersseetheperformance?A.OnJune18th. B.OnJune25th. C.OnJuly2nd.12.WhatdoesHelenwanttodo?A.PurchaseticketsimmediatelyB.Inviteco-workerstojoinher.C.Checkherworkemails.【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】【原文】M:Oh,Helen,AndyTorinoisperformingatOrchestraHallonJune18th.AndAngelaFerrero,onJune25th!W:I’dlovetoseeAndyTorino,butthatdatedoesn’twork.Myfriendisgettingmarriedthen,andI’llbeoutoftownfortheirceremony.M:Wait,letmecheck.Oh,itlookslikeAndyTorinowillbebackforonemorenightofjazztwoweekslater.Doyouwanttogothen?W:Letmecheckmyschedule.Ohyeah,that’sperfect.Let’scheckifanyoneelsefromourofficewouldliketogoandseetheconcert.I’llsendoutanemailrightnow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.WhydidEasonworkasalivingstatueperformer?A.Tofulfillhisdream. B.Tosatisfyhiscuriosity. C.Tomakesomemoney.14.WhatdidEasondofortheWorldChampionships?AHepracticedseveralbodymovements.B.Hedesignedarealisticstoneappearance.C.Hestudiedpreviouschampionshipperformances.15.WhatdoesEasoncherishmostabouthisjob?A.Thepraisefromjudges.B.Theinteractionwithaudience.C.Theachievementincompetitions.16.WhatisthekeytobeingagoodlivingstatueaccordingtoEason?A.Physicalstrength. B.Creativeideas. C.Attractiveappearance.【答案】13C14.B15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Eason,couldyoutellushowyougotstartedasalivingstatueperformer?M:Well…itisnotactuallysomethinglplannedtodo.ItwasafunjobItookonwhileIwasatuniversitytoearnabitof’extramoneyandwhenIdiditactually,itturnedoutthatIwasquitegoodatit.W:Whatdoyouhavetodoasalivingstatue?M:Firstly,youshouldcomeupwithacreativeideaandthenyouhavetopracticeandfindtherightclothesandstuffanddothefullbodymake-up.W:YouwontheWorldLivingStatueChampionshipsrecently.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthat?M:Um,fortheWorldChampionshipsIwasastonestatueandIpaintedinthosetinymarkssothatlookedlikeakindofold,almostfallingapartstatue,andIthinkthejudgesreallyappreciatedthat.W:Yep,Igetit.Sowhatisthepointofdoingthisjob?M:Thepointreallyistheconnectionyoumakewithyouraudience.Whenyoumakeatinymovementtheytendtoexplodewithlaughter.Andit’sthatinteractionbetweentheaudienceandtheperformerthat’sreallywhatit’sallabout.W:Andwhatisthesecretofbeingagoodlivingstatue?M:Firstly,nevertryandperformonanemptystomach.Ifyougethungry,youcanstarttofeellight-headed,soyoualwaysneedtoeatsomethingfirst.Well,goodstomachmusclesarekey,too.Youneedtohavethemtoholdthosepositions.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelibrary?A.ItwillclosedownoneyearlaterB.Itisopenduringpublicholidays.C.Ittypicallyoperates10hoursaday.18.Howmuchdoesacopycostlibraryuserswithoutacopiercard?A.10cents. B.20cents. C.60cents19.Whereshouldhistoryenthusiastsgo?A.Thefirstfloor. B.Thesecondfloor. C.Thethirdfloor.20.Whatissaidaboutthecomputeruseinthelibrary?A.Ithasnotimelimit. B.Itrequiresregistration. C.Itisfreeonlyforfirst-timeusers.【答案】17.C18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:Here’syournewlibrarycard.Itwillrunoutoneyearlaterfromtodayandallowyoutoborrowupto15bookspermonth.Thelibraryisopenfrom9a.m.to7p.m.everydayexceptSundaysandpublicholidays.Onthefirstfloor,you’llfindfiction,literature,biography,travelandlifestylebooks,gardeningbooks,andcookbooks.There’salsoaphotocopierforpublicuse.Copiescosttwentycentseach,butIrecommendyoubuyamonthlycopiercardfor$10,whichgivesyou60copiespermonthatareducedprice.Onthesecondfloor,you’”llfindtechnology,geography,sciencebooks,andchildren’sbooks.There’sasmallchildren’srecreationareathereaswell,andonSaturdays,weholdastoryreadingmorningforyoungkids.Thethirdfloorhashistory,maps,newspapers,journals,andartsandhumanitiesbooks.WehavecomputerswithInternetaccessonthefourthfloor.Thecomputersarefreetouse,butthere’satwo-hourlimit.It’sfirst-come,first-served.Justputyournamedownonthelistifyouwanttouseone.Ifyouwanttouseyourowncomputerinthelibrary,wehavefreewirelessaccessaswell.That’saboutit.Doyouhaveanyquestions?第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAdventure.Newexperiences.Interestingpeople.Readaboutotherpeople’sexcitingtravelsaroundtheworldwiththesethreebooks.IsThatBikeDiesel,Mate?:Oneman,onebikeandthefirstLapAroundAustraliaonUsedCookingOilbyPaulCarterTherearelotsofwaystotravelaroundAustralia.Youcoulddoitbyplane,trainorcar.ButauthorPaulCarterdecidedtotourthecountryonahomemademotorcyclethatrunsoncookingoil.Why?theauthorworkedintheoilindustryformanyyears,andwaskeentoexplorealternativefuels.So,heboughttheunusualbikefromagroupofAustralianuniversitystudents(whohadbuiltitthemselves)andsetoff.Onroute,hehaslotsofamusingexperiences.Healmostdiesinacrashandheevenattemptstobreakthelandspeedrecordforamotorbikerunning.YouAreAwful(ButILikeYou)TravelsThroughUnlovedBritainbyTimMooreTravelwritersusuallygotothebestdestinations.ButnotTimMoore.Inthebook,TimtravelstotheworstplacesintheUK.Followhimasheheadsto“thebleakesttowns,theworsthotelsandthescariestpubs”.Andtomakemattersworse,hedoesitinthemiddleofwinter.“MyprimarychallengewastohaveagoodtimeinplacesthateveryonehadsaidIwouldn’t,”saidtheauthor.AndhedoesmeetlotsofquirkycharactersanddiscoversthatevenBritain’sugliestpartshaveaninnerbeauty.Coasting:APrivateVoyagebyJonathanRabanIn1982,authorJonathanRabanboughtaboatandnavigatedBritain.Andthisisthebookabouthisadventure.Alongthewayhegetscaughtinafewstorms,exploresseasidetownsandeventakeshisagingparentsalongforpartofthejourney.Rabanalsouseshistimeatseatothinkabouthow1980sBritainischangingunderPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcher.21.WhatisspecialofPaulCarter’stravel?A.Hebreaksthelandspeedrecord.B.Heusesanunconventionalfuel.C.Hisagingparentsaccompanieshim.D.Hismotorcyclealmostdiesinacrash.22.WhatchallengedoesTimMoorefacewhiletravelingintheUK?A.Searchingforalternativefuels.B.Survivingheavystormsatsea.C.Enduringthefreezingcoldinwinter.D.Enjoyinghimselfinunattractiveplaces.23.Whatdothethreebookshaveincommon?A.Theysharepracticaltraveladvicefortourists.B.Theycomparedifferentmodesoftransportation.C.Theyexploreuniqueandchallengingtravelexperiences.D.Theyofferalternativefuelsourcesandtheirapplications.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是三本關(guān)于其他人激動(dòng)人心的獨(dú)特的環(huán)球旅行的書籍?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IsThatBikeDiesel,Mate?:Oneman,onebikeandthefirstLapAroundAustraliaonUsedCookingOilbyPaulCarter部分的“TherearelotsofwaystotravelaroundAustralia.Youcoulddoitbyplane,trainorcar.ButauthorPaulCarterdecidedtotourthecountryonahomemademotorcyclethatrunsoncookingoil.(在澳大利亞有很多種旅行方式。你可以乘飛機(jī)、火車或汽車去。但作家保羅·卡特決定騎一輛用食用油驅(qū)動(dòng)的自制摩托車環(huán)游這個(gè)國(guó)家。)”可知，作家保羅·卡特不是使用一輛用食用油驅(qū)動(dòng)的自制摩托車環(huán)游，由此可知，保羅·卡特旅行的特別之處在于他使用一種非常規(guī)燃料旅行的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YouAreAwful(ButILikeYou)TravelsThroughUnlovedBritainbyTimMoore部分的“Followhimasheheadsto“thebleakesttowns,theworsthotelsandthescariestpubs”.Andtomakemattersworse,hedoesitinthemiddleofwinter.“MyprimarychallengewastohaveagoodtimeinplacesthateveryonehadsaidIwouldn’t,”saidtheauthor.(跟隨他前往“最荒涼的城鎮(zhèn)，最糟糕的酒店和最可怕的酒吧”。更糟糕的是，他還在大冬天這么做?！拔业闹饕魬?zhàn)是在每個(gè)人都說我不會(huì)去的地方玩得開心，”作者說。)”可知，TimMoore在最糟糕的天氣里去最糟糕的目的地旅行，去人們認(rèn)為他玩的不會(huì)開心的地方尋求快樂，由此可知，TimMoore在英國(guó)旅行時(shí)遇到的挑戰(zhàn)是在沒有吸引力的地方自得其樂。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段“Adventure.Newexperiences.Interestingpeople.Readaboutotherpeople’sexcitingtravelsaroundtheworldwiththesethreebooks.(冒險(xiǎn)。新體驗(yàn)。有趣的人。閱讀這三本書，了解其他人令人興奮的世界旅行。)”以及對(duì)三本與冒險(xiǎn)、新體驗(yàn)和有趣的人相關(guān)的書中介紹的獨(dú)特的世界旅行可知，這三本書的共同點(diǎn)是他們探索獨(dú)特而富有挑戰(zhàn)性的旅行體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BFor15yearsIreadthebooks,tookthecoursesanddownloadedtheappstotrytobecomeabetterperson.Nevertheless,noneofithelped.Iwasinmymid-20swhenIfellintooneofthemosttoxicrelationshipsofmylife.Irememberbuyingmyfirstself-helpbook,whichpromisedIcouldbehealedofanything.Idevoureditindaysandwashooked.Overthenext15years,Iboughthundredsofself-helpbooks,coursesandapps,andtrackeddowneveryself-styledpersonalimprovementexpertinthehopethattheycouldteachmehowtobecomehappier,moreconfidentandmorelovable.Growingupinanenvironmentofaddictionanddomesticconflictmademevulnerabletotheindustry’spromisesofself-improvement.Ibelievedself-helpauthorscouldbetheinstructorsIhadneverfound.Mydependencybecamestrongaftermyfatherdiedin2022.Imanagedtospendanenormousamountoftimereadingabouthowtogrievewellinsteadofdoingtherightthings:sittingwithmyfeelings,allowingmyselftocryandprocessingtheloss.Myobsession(癡迷)withself-helphadbecometoxic,andsomethinghadtogive.Itstartedtodawnonmethatinsteadofhelpingme,theadvicewasmakingmefeelworse.Italkedwithalovedoneandrecognizedthatintryingtochangemylife,Iwastryingtochangethingsthatwereoutofmycontrol.InsteadoffocusingonwhoIwantedtobecome,Ihadtoquitself-helptolearnandacceptwhoIreallywas.Spendingtimealone,oftenwalking,andlisteningtomythoughtswithouttryingtosilenceorchangethemhelped.SinceIquitmyself-helpcane,I’verealizedthatfocusingallmyenergyonimprovingmyselfcanreallysuckthejoyoutoflife.Itmakeshappinessconditional:onlywhenIlookthatwaycanIbeloved.Itcanalsostopmefromunconditionallyacceptingmyimperfectlyperfectself.Afteralongtime,IamfinallycomingroundtotheideathatperhapsIneverneededfixingatall.24.Whydidtheauthorbecomeobsessedwithself-helpmaterials?A.Toescapefromherfamily.B.Toovercomepersonalfailures.C.Tolookforawaytokilltime.D.Tofindguidestobetterherself.25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromPara.4?A.Sheoftenquarreledwithhersiblingsinchildhood.B.Shebecamestrongerafterherfatherpassedaway.C.Herupbringingenvironmentgreatlyinfluencedher.D.Herlongtimeofreadinghelpedheroutoffeelingbad.26.Whatcausedtheauthortoquitherobsession?A.Thedeathofherfather.B.Aconversationwithalovedone.C.Thesuggestionfromaninstructor.D.Anapponself-improvement.27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Embracingthetrueself.B.Focusingonthestrengths.C.Seekingprofessionaladvice.D.Cultivatingthepositivethinking.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者從癡迷于自助書籍到逐漸接受自己而放棄自助書籍的過程?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Overthenext15years,Iboughthundredsofself-helpbooks,coursesandapps,andtrackeddowneveryself-styledpersonalimprovementexpertinthehopethattheycouldteachmehowtobecomehappier,moreconfidentandmorelovable.”（在接下來的15年里，我買了數(shù)百本自助書籍、課程和應(yīng)用程序，并追蹤了每一位自稱為個(gè)人進(jìn)步專家的人，希望他們能教我如何變得更快樂、更自信、更可愛。）可知，作者熱衷于自助材料是為了尋找能讓自己變得更好的指導(dǎo)，故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Growingupinanenvironmentofaddictionanddomesticconflictmademevulnerabletotheindustry’spromisesofself-improvement.”（在成癮和家庭沖突的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大，讓我很容易受到行業(yè)自我提升承諾的影響。）可知，作者的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境對(duì)她影響極大。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Italkedwithalovedoneandrecognizedthatintryingtochangemylife,Iwastryingtochangethingsthatwereoutofmycontrol.”（我和我愛的人交談，認(rèn)識(shí)到在試圖改變我的生活時(shí)，我是在試圖改變那些我無法控制的事情。）可知，一位親人的交流讓她意識(shí)到自己的問題所在，進(jìn)而放棄了對(duì)自助的癡迷，故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“InsteadoffocusingonwhoIwantedtobecome,Ihadtoquitself-helptolearnandacceptwhoIreallywas.”（我沒有專注于我想成為什么樣的人，我不得不放棄自助，去學(xué)習(xí)和接受真正的我）和最后一段“Afteralongtime,IamfinallycomingroundtotheideathatperhapsIneverneededfixingatall.”（過了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，我終于意識(shí)到，也許我根本不需要改變）可以看出，作者想傳達(dá)的思想是接納真實(shí)的自我，故選A。CTheoceancoversalmostthree-quartersoftheplanet.Werealltheplanet’swaterplacedovertheUnitedStates,itwouldformacolumnofliquid132kmtall.Theoceanprovides3bnpeoplewithalmostafifthoftheirprotein(makingfishabiggersourceofthestuffthanbeef).Climateandweathersystemsdependonthetemperaturepatternsoftheoceananditsinteractionswiththeatmosphere.Ifanythingoughttobetoobigtofail,itistheocean.Humanshavelongassumedthattheocean’ssizeallowedthemtoputanythingtheywantedintoitandtotakeanythingtheywantedout.However,changingtemperaturesandchemistry,overfishingandpollutionhavestresseditsecosystemsfordecades.Theoceanstoresmorethannine-tenthsoftheheattrappedonEarthbygreenhouse-gasemissions.Consequently,coralreefsaresuffering.Scientistsexpectalmostallcoralstobegoneby2050.Bythemiddleofthecenturytheoceancouldcontainmoreplasticthanfishbyweight.Grounddownintotinypieces,itiseatenbyfishandthenbypeople,withuncertaineffectsonhumanhealth.Nevertheless,appetiteforfishgrows:almost90%ofstocksarefishedeitheratorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits.Theoceannurtureshumanity.Humanitytreatsitwithcontempt.Suchself-destructivebehaviordemandsexplanation.Unarguably,theoceanbeingsubjecttoaseriesoflawsandagreements,enforcementishard.Apartfromthis,tworeasonsstandout.Oneisgeography.Thebulkoftheoceanisbeyondthehorizonandbelowthewaterline.Thedamagebeingdonetoitshealthisvisibleinafewliminalplaces.Butforthemostpart,theseaisoutofsightandoutofmind.ItistellingthatthereisonlyasinglefleetingreferencetotheoceanintheParisagreementonclimatechange.Second,theoceanisavictimofotherbiggerprocesses.Theemissionofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphereischangingthemarineenvironmentalongwiththerestoftheplanet.Theoceanhaswarmedby0.7℃sincethe19thcentury,damagingcoralsandencouragingorganismstomigratetowardsthepolesforcoolerwaters.Greaterconcentrationsofcarbondioxideinthewateraremakingitmoreacidic,harmingcreaturessuchascrabsandoysters,whosecalciumcarbonateshellssufferasmarinechemistryalters.28.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A.Thevastnessoftheocean.B.Thesignificanceoftheocean.C.Theecosystemoftheocean.D.Theclimateoftheocean.29.Howdoestheauthorconveyhismessageinparagraph3?A.Bylistingcurrentproblems.B.Byprovidingresearchdata.C.Bycitingexpertopinions.D.Bycomparingdifferentecosystems.30.Whydoestheauthormention“theParisagreementonclimatechange”inparagraph4?A.Toshowpeopleoftendisobeyit.B.Totelluspeopleseldomrefertoit.C.Toremindustheoceanisvitaltoman.D.Toproveoceanprotectionisoverlooked.31.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywritenext?AHowtotapintotheocean.B.Howtoresearchintotheocean.C.Howtorisetothechallengesoftheocean.D.Howtoraisepeople’senvironmentalawareness.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是海洋對(duì)人類的意義重大，但海洋之大，讓人們誤以為她的資源取之不盡用之不竭，人類對(duì)海洋資源無窮無盡的索取讓她面臨嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中“Theoceanprovides3bnpeoplewithalmostafifthoftheirprotein(makingfishabiggersourceofthestuffthanbeef).Climateandweathersystemsdependonthetemperaturepatternsoftheoceananditsinteractionswiththeatmosphere.Ifanythingoughttobetoobigtofail,itistheocean.(海洋為30億人口提供了近五分之一的蛋白質(zhì)(使魚類成為比牛肉更大的蛋白質(zhì)來源)。氣候和天氣系統(tǒng)取決于海洋的溫度模式及其與大氣的相互作用。如果有什么東西應(yīng)該大到不能倒，那就是海洋。)”可知，此處介紹了海洋對(duì)民生的重要性以及海洋對(duì)環(huán)境的重要性，由此可知，第一段主要介紹的是海洋的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theoceanstoresmorethannine-tenthsoftheheattrappedonEarthbygreenhouse-gasemissions.(海洋儲(chǔ)存了地球上因溫室氣體排放而滯留的十分之九以上的熱量。)”可知，海洋儲(chǔ)存著滯留在地球上十分之九以上的熱量，結(jié)合下文中的“Bythemiddleofthecenturytheoceancouldcontainmoreplasticthanfishbyweight.Grounddownintotinypieces,itiseatenbyfishandthenbypeople,withuncertaineffectsonhumanhealth.(到本世紀(jì)中期，海洋里的塑料重量將超過魚類的重量。這些塑料在海水沖刷下磨成細(xì)小的碎片，被魚類吃掉，進(jìn)而被人類所食，這對(duì)人類的健康會(huì)造成不確定的影響。)”可知，本段列舉了海洋面臨的問題：存儲(chǔ)因溫室氣體排放而滯留在地球的熱量以及海洋的塑料污染問題，由此可知，作者是通過列舉海洋面臨的問題來表達(dá)信息的。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Suchself-destructivebehaviordemandsexplanation.Unarguably,theoceanbeingsubjecttoaseriesoflawsandagreements,enforcementishard.(這種自我毀滅的行為需要解釋。無可爭(zhēng)議的是，海洋受到一系列法律和協(xié)議的約束，執(zhí)行起來很困難。)”以及下文中的“ItistellingthatthereisonlyasinglefleetingreferencetotheoceanintheParisagreementonclimatechange.(在關(guān)于氣候變化的《巴黎協(xié)定》中，對(duì)海洋只有一次短暫的提及，這很能說明問題。)”可知，作者在段首點(diǎn)明海洋受到一系列法律和協(xié)議的約束，但是執(zhí)行起來很難，進(jìn)而在尾句中提到關(guān)于氣候變化的《巴黎協(xié)定》的執(zhí)行情況，由此可知，作者提及《巴黎協(xié)議》是為了證明海洋保護(hù)是被忽視的。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段“Theoceancoversalmostthree-quartersoftheplanet.Werealltheplanet’swaterplacedovertheUnitedStates,itwouldformacolumnofliquid132kmtall.Theoceanprovides3bnpeoplewithalmostafifthoftheirprotein(makingfishabiggersourceofthestuffthanbeef).Climateandweathersystemsdependonthetemperaturepatternsoftheoceananditsinteractionswiththeatmosphere.Ifanythingoughttobetoobigtofail,itistheocean.(海洋占地球表面的四分之三。如果將地球上的所有海水放置在美國(guó)上空，將形成一個(gè)132公里高的圓柱。海洋向30億人口提供了五分之一的蛋白質(zhì)（魚類提供的蛋白質(zhì)超過了牛肉）。氣候和天氣系統(tǒng)依賴海洋的溫度模式以及和大氣的交互。如果有什么東西“因?yàn)樘蠖荒艿埂钡脑?，那就?yīng)該是海洋。)”可知，本文在分析海洋面臨的問題時(shí)，先寫了海洋的重要性：海洋之大、海洋對(duì)民生的重要性、海洋對(duì)環(huán)境的重要性，進(jìn)而在下文描述海洋面臨的問題：資源問題、環(huán)境問題，這樣更能引起人們的關(guān)注與警覺，由此可推斷，海洋對(duì)人類如此重要，而當(dāng)前又面臨著如何多的問題，所以，接下來作者應(yīng)該介紹的是如何應(yīng)對(duì)海洋的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。DInhighereducation,wheremeritocracy(任人唯賢)andobjectivityarehighlyvalued,onemightassumethatthealphabeticalorderofstudents’surnamesplaysnoroleindeterminingtheiracademicsuccess.However,recentresearchsuggestsotherwise.AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30milliongradingrecords,revealsasurprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceivehighergradescomparedtotheircounterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.ThisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhereassignmentsaresubmitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.Systemslikethistypicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault(系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)).Asaresult,studentswithsurnamestowardstheendofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaveragecomparedtotheirpeerswithsurnamesfromthebeginningofthealphabet.Thisphenomenonisattributedtoaneffectknownas“sequentialgradingbias”,whichreferstoanunintentionaladvantageordisadvantagethatstudentsmayfaceduetotheorderinwhichtheirworkisevaluated.Forexample,jobinterviewcandidateswhoareinterviewedlaterinthedaymayberatedmoreharshlycomparedtothosewhowentearlier.Inthecontextofalphabeticalordering,instructorsoftenbegingradingfromthetopofthelist,wheresurnamesstartingwithletterslikeAorBappear.Thisinitialadvantagecanunintentionallyinfluencegradingpatterns,whereearlypapersmightreceivemorefavorableassessmentscomparedtothoseevaluatedlater.However,theexamsthataregradedinthereverseorderinwhichtheyaresubmittedmayshowanoppositetrend.Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegradingstrategiesthatmitigatealphabeticalbiases.Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberateeffortstocounteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.Byaddressingthesebiasesproactively,institutionscanfosterfairerandmoreinclusivelearningenvironmentswherestudentperformanceisevaluatedimpartiallybasedonmeritratherthansurnameplacement.32.WhydoestheauthormentionCanvasinthecontextofthestudy?A.Topromotetheuseofdigitalplatformsforacademicpurposes.B.Tohighlightthepopularityofonlinelearningmanagementsystems.C.Toemphasizetheimpactofdigitallearningplatformsongradingbiases.D.Todemonstratethediversegradingstandardsofdigitallearningplatforms.33.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”mean?A.Complicate.B.Simplify.C.Fuel.D.Reduce.34.Accordingtothetext,onesuggestedalternativegradingstrategyshouldbebasedon_________.A.thestudent’ssurnameB.randomgradingsequenceC.randomfirstimpressionD.thestudent’ssubmissiontime35.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A.InequalityIssuesviaDigitalLearningSystemsB.StrategiesforOvercomingBiasinGradingSystemsC.UnintendedConsequencesofAlphabeticalGradingD.TheCauseofSequentialGradingonStudentPerformance【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)：與按字母順序排列較晚的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中出現(xiàn)較早的學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績(jī)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“ThisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhereassignmentsaresubmitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.Systemslikethistypicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault(系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)).Asaresult,studentswithsurnamestowardstheendofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaverage(這種偏見在通過Canvas等廣泛使用的在線學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)以數(shù)字方式提交作業(yè)的大班或課程中尤為明顯。默認(rèn)情況下，這樣的系統(tǒng)通常按字母順序排列學(xué)生提交的內(nèi)容。因此，姓氏在字母表末尾的學(xué)生，如以Y或Z開頭的學(xué)生，平均成績(jī)往往較低)”可知，作者在研究中提到了Canvas，以強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)字學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)對(duì)評(píng)分偏差的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由最后一段“Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegradingstrategiesthatmitigatealphabeticalbiases.(鼓勵(lì)教育機(jī)構(gòu)和政策制定者探索字母偏差的替代評(píng)分策略。)”以及上文可知，現(xiàn)在在線學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)存在評(píng)分偏差問題，所以這里希望有新的平臺(tái)可以“減少”這種字母偏差。所以猜測(cè)mitigate表“減少”的意思。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberateeffortstocounteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.(建議包括隨機(jī)評(píng)分順序、匿名提交或通過不同的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刻意抵消第一印象。)”可知，一種對(duì)現(xiàn)在評(píng)分策略替代的建議是按照隨機(jī)序列評(píng)分。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由第二段“AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30milliongradingrecords,revealsasurprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceivehighergradescomparedtotheircounterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.(密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究分析了3000多萬條評(píng)分記錄，揭示了一個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)：與按字母順序排列較晚的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中出現(xiàn)較早的學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績(jī)。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要講研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)與按字母順序排列較晚的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中出現(xiàn)較早的學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績(jī)。所以C項(xiàng)UnintendedConsequencesofAlphabeticalGrading(按字母順序評(píng)分的意外結(jié)果)符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls;whatmattersishowyoutackleeachsituation.Whetheritisyourschoolingoraseriouslifestruggle,wemustlearntoturnthepageandchangeourlifeforthebetter.____36____Youmightfindyourselfinadeadend.____37____Thiswillhelpyoumarkyourfuturedecisions.Everythingthatyoufaceduntilnowwasjustapartoftheproblemandeverythingthatcomesafterthelinewillbepartofthesolution.Don’ttakethewholethingassuffering;instead,itisalearningexperience.Makesurethatyouwon’tletanythingholdyoubackandwilltrytobebettereachday.Whenhandlingatoughsituation,youmayneedsomeextrahelp.Connectwithpeoplethathavegonethroughthesametrialsasyouhave.During