翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題157

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題157ReadingComprehension

Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbeara（江南博哥）blebrilliance.Likeivyalongthedimedgeofagarden,theypreferthesocialshadows,shunningparties,publicityandfameofanysort.Thentherearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum.Forthem,beingintheviewofothersseemsnecessaryforlifeitself.FromHollywoodtofabricatedprime-timereality,thisspotlightdependentspeciesisthriving.

Butwhatabouttheindividualswhocraveattentionformoredesperatereasons?Thosewhoresorttounusualwaystogetit?Lately,itseems,adarkbloomofthesecharactershasemerged.Formotivesknownonlytothemselves,theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus:victimhood.

InearlyApril,U.S.nationalnewsoutletstrackedthedisappearanceofAudreySeller,asophomoreattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison.PoliceandhundredsofconcernedcitizenssearchedforfourdaysbeforeSellerwasdiscovered.Seilersaidshewaskidnapped.Withinhours,however,herstoryfellapart.Policeannouncedthatherabductionhadbeenahoax.Whywouldapopularstudentmakeherselfdisappear?Hermotiveremainsamystery,butperhapsithadsomethingtodowiththesearchpartiesandthenewsbulletinsthatsurroundedher.

Sympathyisapowerfulsentimentthatcanconnectcompletestrangers.Butifit'susedtomanipulate,thebacklashcanbemuchmoreintense.

InFebruary,atWaterbury,Connecticut,manwasarrestedasaresultofexploitingsympathy.EdwardValentintoldreportersthathehadreceivedwordthathiswife,servinginIraq,hadbeenkilledinanexplosion.PolicesaidValentinadmittedthefabrication,reasoningthatifpeoplefeltsorryforhimmaybethemilitarywouldsendhiswifehome.Evidence,however,pointselsewhere.Initsextremeform,suchacravingshowsupinmentaldisorders,wheresufferersmayseekattentionbycausingthemselvesharm.Butevenwhenitcomeswithnodiagnosis,adeepcravingtobenoticedcanhaveawideimpact.

Fortheseindividuals,victimhoodrepresentsa"purestateofguilt-freeentitlement",saidpsychologistRichardLevakofDelMar,California"Theygofrombeingutterlydeprivedtobeingutterlyindulged.Intoday'sworld...peoplehavebecomemoredepressedanddisconnectedfromeachother.Soyougetpeoplewhocraveaffectionandattentionandapproval.Theydon'tknowhowtoaskforitandtheydon'tknowhowtogetit.Thatleavesthemvulnerable,"Levaksaid.1.

Theword"arboretum"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.botanicalgardenB.zoologicalgardenC.orchardD.golfcourse正確答案：A[解析]本題為詞義題。arboretum意為“植物園林”，因此選A項“植物園”。該詞較為生僻，若不認識，可根據(jù)文中提到的arboretum里有花(therearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum)進行推測得出答案。

[參考譯文]對有些人來說，他人的關(guān)注就如刺眼的光芒般令人難以忍受。他們就像花園里長在陰暗邊緣的常藤，更喜歡無社交的生活，躲避種種聚會、公關(guān)活動，也厭惡名聲。但同時，在這座人類社會大園林里，也有花朵一樣的人。對他們來說，別人的關(guān)注對其生活本身不可或缺。從好萊塢到虛假的黃金時段，依賴聚光燈生活的人在迅速增加。

而那些出于更絕望的原因渴求關(guān)注的人呢?那些通過非正常手段獲得關(guān)注的人呢?最近，這樣的人似乎越來越多。他們因利用一種幾乎稱得上神圣的社會地位——受害者地位，變得臭名昭著，而動機卻只有他們自己清楚。

4月初，美國多家國家媒體跟蹤報道了奧德麗·塞拉(AudreySeiler)的失蹤事件，塞拉是麥迪遜市威斯康辛大學(xué)一名大二學(xué)生。警察和幾百名關(guān)心此事件的民眾搜尋了4天，才最終找到她。塞拉聲稱自己被綁架，但幾個小時不到，她編的故事就被識破了。警察宣布她的“綁架”不過是一場騙局。為什么一個如此受歡迎的學(xué)生要騙別人說自己被綁架呢?她的動機至今仍是一個謎團，但這也許和她身邊的搜查隊與新聞簡報有關(guān)。同情心是一種強大的情感，可將完全不相干的陌生人緊密聯(lián)系起來?？扇绻樾谋徊倏v利用，產(chǎn)生的反作用也將十分強烈。

2月，美國康涅狄格州沃特伯里的一名男子因惡意利用同情心被捕。男子名叫愛德華·瓦倫汀(EdwardValentin)，他告訴記者說自己收到消息稱，在伊拉克服役的妻子已于一場爆炸中不幸身亡。警察表示，瓦倫汀自己坦白事情是編造的，他想如果能引起人們的同情，說不定軍隊就會將其妻子送回家。但后來的證據(jù)顯示事實并非如此。在極端情況下，渴望關(guān)注的心情會造成精神錯亂，患者因此可能通過傷害自己來達到目的。不過即使未出現(xiàn)診斷癥狀，過度渴求關(guān)注也會對人產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

來自加利福尼亞州德爾瑪?shù)男睦韺W(xué)家理查德·勒瓦克(RichardLevak)表示，“對這些人來說，受害者地位代表著‘可被完全赦免的權(quán)利’，他們從極度缺乏關(guān)注走向徹底被縱容?！崩胀呖诉€指出，“當(dāng)今世界，人們彼此間越來越疏離，變得愈加壓抑，所以會有人渴求關(guān)愛、渴望關(guān)注和贊同，卻不知道該如何索取、如何獲得，這讓他們脆弱?！?/p>

B項“動物園”、C項“果園”和D項“高爾夫課程”均不符合題目要求。

2.

AccordingtoParagraph1,somepeople______.A.donotliketobeinthespotlightB.likethedarksideofsocietyC.preferthebeautyofplantstopeopleD.avoidthemediabutenjoyparties正確答案：A[解析]通讀第1段可知該段提到了兩種人：一種是不喜歡被關(guān)注的，另一種是渴望關(guān)注的。A項“不喜歡處在聚光燈之下”即第一種不喜歡被關(guān)注的人，符合要求，因此選A項。

B項“喜歡社會的黑暗面”，文中提到的第一種人喜歡socialshadows是指喜歡“無社交的生活”而并非社會的黑暗，因此排除B項。C項“比起人，更喜歡植物的美麗”利用flowersofthehumanarboretum設(shè)置干擾，文中無這個表達，可排除。D項“避免媒體曝光，但享受聚會”，原文是不喜歡被人關(guān)注的人會同時躲避parties(聚會)和publicity(公眾活動)，因此D項不符合要求。

3.

Theword"notoriety"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.infamyB.reclaimC.reputationD.achievement正確答案：A[解析]本題為詞義題。notoriety意為“臭名昭著”，因此A項“聲名狼藉”與之最為貼近。若不認識infamy，可根據(jù)其形式推測其與fame存在反義關(guān)系。

B項“開墾；恢復(fù)”、C項“名譽，名聲”和D項“成就”均不符合題目要求，故都予以排除。

4.

Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,therhetoricdeviceusedinthewritingis______.A.paradoxB.analogyC.metaphorD.pun正確答案：C[解析]本題為修辭手法判斷題。通讀前兩段可發(fā)現(xiàn)文中多處用了隱喻的修辭。如第1段第1句Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.此處無出現(xiàn)like、as...等表示明喻的詞，但其實是把humanattention“他人的關(guān)注”比作light“光芒”；第2段中theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus：victimhood.實際是把victimhood“受害者地位”比喻為analmostsacredwellofsocialstatus“社會地位中的一口神圣之井”，因此選C項。

A項是“悖論”的修辭手法，指一句話中或者前后兩句話表面看起來前后矛盾，實則富有哲理，如Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.“贈人玫瑰，手有余香?！盉項為“類比”，即將兩個本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點進行比較，如Appropriatepraisetoachildiswhatthesunistoaflower.“恰當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P對孩子的作用，就如陽光之于花朵一樣?！盌項為“雙關(guān)”，它巧妙地利用同音異義或者同形異義現(xiàn)象使一個詞語或句子具有兩種不同的含義，從而產(chǎn)生意象不到的幽默、滑稽效果，如Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.這里lies既有“說謊”的意思，也有“躺”，即“居住”的意思，用在此處意味深長，引發(fā)讀者遐想。

5.

Theword"abduction"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.kidnapB.actionC.excuseD.plead正確答案：A[解析]本題為詞義題。abduction意思為“綁架，誘拐”，文中為避免重復(fù)，用其代替kidnap，因此若不知道該詞意思，也可通過前文提到的waskidnapped推測出正確答案。

B項“行動”、C項“借口；理由”和D項“請求，請愿”均不符合要求，故都可排除。

6.

AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthatAudreySeiler______.A.waskidnappedB.playedatrickforpublicityC.wasneglectedatschoolD.stayedawayfromtheconcernedcitizens正確答案：B[解析]通讀第3段后可知，塞拉是編造了一個自己被綁架的故事，以獲取關(guān)注，因此B項正確。

A項“被綁架”，警方最后證明“綁架”不過是謊話，因此排除A項。C項“在學(xué)校被忽視”，第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到她是一個popularstudent(受歡迎的學(xué)生)，因此排除C項。D項“遠離關(guān)注事件的民眾”，文中并無提及，故也可排除。

7.

Theword"utterly"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.completelyB.acutelyC.silentlyD.oppositely正確答案：A[解析]本題為詞義題。utterly在第6段出現(xiàn)了兩次，意為“完全地，徹底地”，表示程度之深，因此A項符合要求。

B項“強烈地”、C項“沉默地”和D項“相反地”均不符合要求，故都可排除。

8.

AudreySellerdidsomethingcrazyprobablybecauseshewantedto______.A.challengethepoliceB.attractthemediaC.experienceanadventureD.beatthecrowd正確答案：B[解析]本題考查AudreySeiler做出瘋狂舉動，也就是謊稱自己被綁架的原因。事件的具體闡釋是在第3段，而第2段其實是對下文事件原因的一個說明，即人們捏造事實，扮演受害者是由于“渴求關(guān)注”，因此B項“吸引媒體的注意”符合要求。

A項“挑戰(zhàn)警察的權(quán)威”、C項“體驗一場冒險”和D項“打敗眾人”在文中均未被提及，都可排除。

9.

EdwardValentinmadeupthestoryinorderto______.A.gethiswifebackhomefromIraqB.makepeoplefeelsorryforhimC.expressdeeploveforhiswifeD.drawattentiontohimself正確答案：D[解析]本題為信息細節(jié)題。題目提問EdwardValentin編造故事的原因。通讀第五段可知，盡管瓦倫汀先生自己說的原因是為了讓妻子能從伊托克回家，但最后證明并非如此(Evidence,however,pointselsewhere)，瓦倫汀只是出于想獲得關(guān)注而編造了事實，因此D項符合要求。

A項和B項極具迷惑性，但這兩項的表述實際上只是瓦倫汀先生自己說的原因，但正如文中所說，事實后來證明并非如此，因此排除A項和B項。C項在文中無提及，可排除。

10.

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat______.A.societyhasnothingtodowiththeextremebehaviorofpeopleB.peoplewhoplaythevictimaredoingwhattheyfeelisrightC.people'sdeepneedofattentionimpliespsychologicalproblemsD.peoplewhofishforattentionindulgethemselvesinfabricatingreality正確答案：D[解析]本題為段落信息題，考查最后一段的一些細節(jié)信息。通斷段落可知，最后一段是心理學(xué)家對以上所提到的人們捏造事實獲取關(guān)注的幾個事例進行原因分析，由倒數(shù)的二三句可知，其主要原因便是人們渴望關(guān)注、關(guān)愛和贊同，但不知如何獲得才會編造謊言，因此D項符合要求。

A項“社會與人們的一些極端行為毫無關(guān)系”，這與原文表述正好相反，因此排除。B項“人們扮演受害者是在做自己認為對的事”，最后一段并未提及扮演受害者的人內(nèi)心的想法，因此排除。C項“人們對關(guān)注的深層需求說明了其心理問題”在文中未被提及，故排除。

Adozenyearsago,JamesGrant—oneofthewisestcommentatorsonWallStreet—wroteabookcalledTheTroublewithProsperity.Grant'ssurveyoffinancialhistorycapturedhiscrustytheoryofeconomicpredestination.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.Ifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.Crisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythmthat,thoughitcanbeinfluenced,cannotberepealed.

Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.Bearthatinmind.Itprovidescontextfortoday'sturmoilandrecriminations.Therecentastoundingevents—thegovernment'stakeoverofFannieMaeandFreddieMac,theTreasury'sinvestmentsinprivatebanks,thestockmarket'swildswings—havethrustusintofiercedebate.Hasenoughbeendonetoprotecttheeconomy?Whoorwhatcausedthismess?

WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.Wewantvictoriesanddefeatswithclearheroesandvillains.Wecraveaworldofcrispmoralcertitudes,whentherealworldisawashwithmurkyambiguities.Soitisnow.Startwiththeimmediatequestion:hasenoughbeendone?Well,enoughforwhat?Ifthegoalistopreventacalamitouscollapseofbanklending,theanswerisprobably"yes".

Lastweek,thegovernmentguaranteedmostinterbankloans(loansamongbanks)andpressuredninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasury.Together,thesestepsmakeiteasierforbankstoborrowandlend.There'slessneedtohoardcash.Butifthegoalistoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil,theansweris"no".

We'reprobablyalreadyinrecession.InSeptember,retailsalesdropped1.2percent.Thehousingcollapse,higheroilprices(nowreceding),joblossesandsaggingstockshavebatteredconfidence.Consumptionspends—morethantwothirdsofallspending—maydropinthethirdquarterforthefirsttimesince1991.Loansarehardertoget,becausethere'sbeena"correctionoflaxlendingstandards,"saysfinancialconsultantBertEly.EconomistDavidWyssofStandard&Poor'sexpectsunemployment,now6.1percent,toreach7.5percentbyyear-end2009.

Dittoforfinancialperils,"theUnitedStateshasanenormousfinancialsystemoutsidethebanks,"sayseconomistRaghuramRajanoftheUniversityofChicago.Takehedgefunds.Theymanagenearly$2trillionandrelyheavilyonborrowedfunds.Theycoulddestabilizethemarketsasthey'repressuredtosell.They'vesufferedheavyredemptions—$43billioninSeptember,accordingtotheFinancialTimes.There'salsoaglobalchainreaction.Lossesinonemarketinspirelossesinothers;andnervousinternationalinvestorsselleverywhere.Brazil'smarkethaslostabouthalfitsvalueinthepastyear.

Inthisfluidsituation,onethingispredictable:thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.IsformerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolowandfornotimposingtougherregulationsonmortgagelending?WouldClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinhavespottedthecrisissooner?DidRepublicanfree-marketideologuesleavegreedyWallStreetstypestoounregulated?WasCongresstoopermissivewithFannieMacandFreddieMac?

Somestoriesaremake-believe.Afterleavinggovernment,RubinlandedatCitigroupas"seniorcounselor."Hefailedtoidentifytoxicmortgagesecuritiesasabigprobleminthebank'sownportfolio.It'simplausibletothinkhe'dhavedonesoinWashington.AsrecentinvestigativestoriesintheNewYorkTimesandTheWashingtonPostshow,theClintonadministrationbroadlysupportedthefinancialderegulationthatDemocratsarenowsoloudlydenouncing.

Greenspanisahardercase.Hisresistancetotougherregulationofmortgagelendingislegitimatelycriticized,butthestoryofhislow-interestratepoliciesismorecomplicated.True,theovernightfed-fundsratedroppedto1percentin2003tooffsettheeffectsofthebursttechbubbleand9/11.Still.TheFedstartedraisingratesinmid-2004.Unfortunatelyandsurprisingly,long-terminterestratesonmortgages(whicharesetbythemarket)didn'tfollow.ThatundercuttheFedandisoftenattributedtoasurgeofcheapcapitalfromChinaandAsia.

There'sabroaderlesson.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.Skepticsareregardedasfools.It'shardforgovernment—oranyoneelse—tosay,"Whoa,cowboys;thiswon'tlast."Inthisrespect,thetechbubbleandthehousingbubblewereidenticaltwins.

Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.

Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.Existinghomepricesrose50percentfrom2000to2006.Lendingstandardsweakened.Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities.Butbankers—totheireventualregret—keptmanybadloansthemselves.Almosteveryoneassumedthathomepriceswouldriseforever,soriskswereminimal.Congresswascomplicit.ItallowedFannieandFreddietooperatewithmeagercapital.Theywere,ineffect,gianthedgefundsbackedbygovernmentcongressalsoincreasedtheshareoftheirmortgagesthathadtogotolow—andmoderate-incomebuyers,form40percentin1996to52percentin2005.Thisblessedandpromotedsubprimemortgagelending.

SoGrant'sthesisisconfirmed.Wegothroughcyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Theonlyconsolationisthatthegenesisofthenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.OptimisticAmericans"recognizeerrorandputitbehindthem,"GrantwritesinthecurrentForeignAffairs.ThePewsurveyreportsthiscontrast:thoughhalfofAmericansbelievethere'sarecession,almosthalfalsothinktheeconomywillimproveinthenextyear.(byRobertJ.Samuelson,fromNewsweek,October27,2008)11.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.TheCalamitousCollapseofBankLendingB.TheTroublewithProsperityC.GoodTimesBreedBadTimesD.CyclesofSelf-delusion正確答案：C

12.

Inthefirstparagraph,whatdoestheso-called"economicpredestination"referto?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.B.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythm.C.Thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.D.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse,andifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.正確答案：D

13.

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudecanbestbedescribedas______.A.facetiousB.skepticalC.positiveD.critical正確答案：D

14.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thegovernment'smeasuretoguaranteemostinterbankloansandpressureninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasuryisenoughtofightagainstfinancialcrisis.B.Whatwe'vedoneisnotenoughtoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil.C.Lossesinonemarketfailtoinspirelossesinothers.D.Brazil'smarkethaslostaboutonethirdofitsvalueinthepastyear.正確答案：B

15.

Inparagraph11,theauthorstatesthat"Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession".Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestillustratethestatement?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess,andcrisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.B.Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.C.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.D.Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.正確答案：A

16.

Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph7andparagraph8that______.A.thepoliciesadoptedbytheClintonadministrationenjoygreatsupportoftheDemocratsnow.B.ClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinisresponsibleforfailingtospotthecrisissooner.C.Republicanfree-marketideologueshaveimposedproperregulationongreedyWallStreetstypes.D.formerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanisnotresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolow.正確答案：B

17.

Inthesentence"Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities",theword"opaque"mayroughlymean______.A.unstableB.inefficientC.unclearD.inoperable正確答案：C

18.

Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsummarizethemainideaofthewholepassage?A.TheUnitedStatesencountersanunprecedentedfinancialcrisis.B.Thegovernmenthasdoneenoughtopreventthefinancialcrisis.C.Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.D.WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.正確答案：C

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex．TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstruetures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted．First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequitingnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.19.

Everygroupofhumanbeingshas______.A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflifeB.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguageC.itsownelegantmusic,literature，andotherartsD.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.”可知，不管看著多不文明，每個民族都有自己的文化。根據(jù)常識可知，人的思想、信仰和生活方式都屬于“文化”。所以，答案是A。

20.

Totheprofessionallinguists,______.A.thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofculturesB.thereisnointrinsichierarchyoflanguagesC.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansD.alllanguagesaremostsevereandstandard正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“...astotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言本來沒有等級之分。所以，答案是B。

21.

Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare______.A.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuous正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.”可知，根據(jù)最嚴格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，未開化的群體中的大多數(shù)的語言都很復(fù)雜。Complex“復(fù)雜的”；adequate“足夠的”；numerous“很多的”；ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的，精致的”；ingenuous“坦白的”。只有C項與原文complex的意思相近。所以，答案是C。

22.

"Backward"languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin______.A.structuresB.vocabulariesC.writtenformsD.soundpatterns正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,...butonlyintheirvocabularies.”可知，“Backward”語言和西方語言的區(qū)別不是在于發(fā)音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是在于詞匯。由此可知，答案是B。

23.

Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown______.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabulary正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第六句“...alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion...”可知，所有語言都有語言擴展的機制。machinery意為“機構(gòu)，機制”，systems意為“系統(tǒng)，體制”。由此可知，答案是D。

24.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，對專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，各文化之間沒有固有的優(yōu)越之分，就像對語言學(xué)家來說，語言沒有固有的等級之分一樣。根據(jù)這句話的邏輯關(guān)系我們可以推斷出，作者闡述語言之間關(guān)系的目的是說明不同文化之間的關(guān)系。castlightonsth.“使某事物清楚些”。所以，答案是C。

25.

Itisimpliedthatallcultureshavetobeviewed______.A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionally正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，各種文化之間沒有固有的優(yōu)越之分；又根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容可知，所有的語言都有擴展詞匯的方法，日?；顒雍褪煜な挛锒夹枰Q，要進行辨別，這些自然要導(dǎo)致形成自己的語言體系。據(jù)此推斷，答案是C。

26.

Accordingtothispassage,tolearnaforeignlanguagewouldrequireoneto______.A.domoreactivitiesB.learnaboutanewcultureC.meetmorepeopleD.needmorenames正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“...objectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin'backward'languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.”可知，學(xué)語言除了學(xué)語音、語法外，還要了解與文化相關(guān)的思想、信仰和生活方式等。語言是文化的一部分，所以，學(xué)習(xí)一門外語必須要了解該語言的文化。所以，答案是B。

27.

Theauthor'sattitudeshowninthispassage,toward"backward"languagesis______.A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute正確答案：C[解析]本題考查作者態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，全文作者均采用第三人稱的陳述方式進行講述，講到了不同文化和不同語言的之間的差別，由此可知，作者的態(tài)度是可觀的。所以，答案是C。

28.

Thispassageisonthewhole______.A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentative正確答案：B[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要是講述語言文化方面的內(nèi)容，說明語言和文化密切相關(guān)。該文章具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。所以，答案是B。

ThelandscapeoftheGiant'sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50-60millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant'sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant'sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge—andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant'sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth'shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil'sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant'sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.29.

Theword"lurking"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.lieinambushB.waitC.standD.waylay正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“l(fā)urkingbelowthegauntseawall”可知，潛伏在荒涼海堤的下面。選項中的A項為“埋伏”符合文意。B項“等待”，C項“矗立”，D項“攔截”，這三項均不符合題意。

30.

TheGiant'sCausewaywascreatedby______.A.theancientIrishpeopleB.thegiantFinnMcCoolC.thevolcanicactivitiesD.thedriftoflavaplateau正確答案：C[解析]根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50～60millionyearsago”可知，海岸堤道地質(zhì)層是火山活動的典型代表，所以C符合題意。A項“古代的愛爾蘭人”，文中提到巨人堤是古愛爾蘭人心中的奇觀，但不是古愛爾蘭締造的；B項“巨人芬恩·麥克庫爾”，這是傳說中的締造者，不是真實的；D項“溶巖高原的移動”，根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容，也不是巨人堤的成因。

31.

Theword"remaining"underlinedinParagraphIisclosestinmeaningto______.A.therestB.keepC.stay