翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)模擬真題一

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)模擬真題一SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationCompulsoryTranslation1.

Ifaheavyrelianceonfoss（江南博哥）ilfuelsmakesacountryaclimateogre,thenDenmark—withitsthousandsofwindturbinessprinkledonthecoastlinesandatsea—islivingahappyfairytale.

ViewedfromtheUnitedStatesorAsia,Denmarkisanenvironmentalrolemodel.Thecountryis"whataglobalwarmingsolutionlookslike,"wroteFrancesBeinecke,thepresidentoftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,inalettertothegrouplastautumn.Aboutone-fifthofthecountry'selectricitycomesfromwind,whichwindexpertssayisthehighestproportionofanycountry.

ButacloserlookshowsthatDenmarkisafarcryfromaclean-energyparadise.

Thebuildingofwindturbineshasvirtuallygroundtoahaltsincesubsidieswerecutback.Meanwhile,comparedwithothersintheEuropeanUnion,Danesremainabove-averageemittersofthegreenhousegascarbondioxide.Forallitswindturbines,alargeproportionoftherestofDenmark'spowerisgeneratedbyplantsthatburnimportedcoal.

TheDanishexperienceshowshowdifficultitcanbeforcountriesgrownrichonfossilfuelstoswitchtorenewableenergysourceslikewindpower.Amongthehurdlesarefluctuatingpoliticalpriorities,thehighcostofputtingnewturbinesoffshore,concernaboutpublicacceptanceoflargewindturbinesandthevolatilityofthewinditself.

"Europehasreallyledtheway,"saidAlexKlein,asenioranalystwithEmergingEnergyResearch,aconsultingfirmwithofficesinCambridge,Massachusetts.

SomepartsofwesternDenmarkderive100percentoftheirpeakneedsfromwindifthebreezeisup.GermanyandSpaingeneratemorepowerinabsoluteterms,butinthosecountrieswindstillaccountsforafarsmallerproportionoftheelectricitygenerated.Theaverageforall27EuropeanUnioncountriesis3percent.

ButtheGermansandtheSpanisharecatchingupasDenmarkslowsdown.Ofthethousandsofmegawattsofwindpoweraddedlastyeararoundtheworld,only8megawattswereinstalledinDenmark.

Ifhighersubsidieshadbeenmaintained,hesaid,Denmarkcouldnowbegeneratingclosetoone-third—ratherthanone-fifth—ofitselectricityfromwindmills.正確答案：如果一個(gè)國(guó)家因嚴(yán)重依賴化石燃料而成為導(dǎo)致氣候變化的惡魔的話，那么丹麥這個(gè)擁有數(shù)千個(gè)沿海和海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的國(guó)家算得上是生活在童話里的幸福國(guó)度了。

在美國(guó)和亞洲各國(guó)看來(lái)，丹麥?zhǔn)黔h(huán)保領(lǐng)域的典范。自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)主席弗朗西斯·貝尼克去年秋天致該委員會(huì)的信中說，丹麥“是應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的樣板”。丹麥風(fēng)力發(fā)電量占全國(guó)發(fā)電總量的1/5左右，風(fēng)能專家稱這一比例列世界之首。

不過，如果再仔細(xì)分析一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，丹麥也遠(yuǎn)非利用清潔能源的“天堂”。

自丹麥削減風(fēng)力發(fā)電補(bǔ)貼以來(lái)，風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)實(shí)際上已經(jīng)陷入停滯狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，與歐盟其他成員國(guó)相比，丹麥的二氧化碳排放量要高于歐盟平均水平。盡管丹麥安裝了眾多風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組，但是丹麥很大程度上仍然依靠火電站發(fā)電，而且電煤也需要進(jìn)口。

一個(gè)國(guó)家依靠化石燃料發(fā)展起來(lái)后，再想轉(zhuǎn)型依靠風(fēng)能等可再生能源絕非易事，丹麥即是一例。風(fēng)力發(fā)電遇到諸多阻礙，包括政府的政策重點(diǎn)不斷調(diào)整，海上修建新風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠成本較高，公眾能否接受大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)存疑，風(fēng)力自身也具有不穩(wěn)定性。

咨詢公司美國(guó)新能源研究中心在馬薩諸塞州劍橋設(shè)有多個(gè)辦事處，該公司的高級(jí)分析師阿歷克斯·克萊恩說：“(在清潔能源發(fā)展方面)歐洲確實(shí)引領(lǐng)世界?！?/p>

如果風(fēng)力理想的話，丹麥西部一些地區(qū)用電高峰期的所有電力供應(yīng)都來(lái)自風(fēng)力發(fā)電。就風(fēng)力絕對(duì)發(fā)電量而言，德國(guó)和西班牙都超過了丹麥，但是風(fēng)力發(fā)電在這兩國(guó)發(fā)電總量中所占的比重要比丹麥小得多。歐盟27國(guó)中風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重平均為3%。

不過，由于丹麥現(xiàn)在放慢了風(fēng)力發(fā)電的發(fā)展步伐，德、西兩國(guó)現(xiàn)正迎頭趕上。去年全球共新增風(fēng)力發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量數(shù)千兆瓦，丹麥僅為8兆瓦。

克萊恩說，如果丹麥當(dāng)初沒有削減補(bǔ)貼的話，風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重應(yīng)該早就從現(xiàn)在的1/5上升到近1/3了。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

2000多年來(lái)，佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督教等先后傳入中國(guó)，中國(guó)音樂、繪畫、文學(xué)等也不斷吸納外來(lái)文明的優(yōu)長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)畫法同西方油畫融合創(chuàng)新，形成了獨(dú)具魅力的中國(guó)寫意油畫，徐悲鴻等大師的作品受到廣泛贊賞。中國(guó)的造紙術(shù)、火藥、印刷術(shù)、指南針?biāo)拇蟀l(fā)明帶動(dòng)了世界變革，推動(dòng)了歐洲文藝復(fù)興。中國(guó)哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、醫(yī)藥、絲綢、瓷器、茶葉等傳入西方，滲入西方民眾日常生活之中?！恶R可·波羅游記》令無(wú)數(shù)人對(duì)中國(guó)心向往之。當(dāng)今世界，人類生活在不同文化、種族、膚色、宗教和不同社會(huì)制度所組成的世界里，各國(guó)人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命運(yùn)共同體。世界上有200多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，2500多個(gè)民族和多種宗教。如果只有一種生活方式，只有一種語(yǔ)言，只有一種音樂，只有一種服飾，那是不可想象的。正確答案：Inthecourseofsometwothousandyearsandmore,Buddhism,IslamandChristianityhavebeenintroducedintoChinasuccessively,whichallowedthecountry'smusic,paintingandliteraturetobenefitfromtheadvantagesofothercivilizations.China'sfreehandoilpaintingisaninnovativecombinationofChina'straditionalpaintingandtheWesternoilpainting,andtheworksofXuBeihongandothermastershavebeenwidelyacclaimed.China'sFourGreatInventions,namely,papermaking,gunpowder,movable-typeprintingandcompass,ledtochangesintheworld,includingtheEuropeanRenaissance.China'sphilosophy,literature,medicine,silk,porcelainandteareachedtheWestandbecamepartofpeople'sdailylife.TheTravelsofMarcoPologeneratedawidespreadinterestinChina.Today,weliveinaworldwithdifferentcultures,ethnicgroups,skincolors,religionsandsocialsystems,andthepeopleofvariouscountrieshavebecomemembersofanintimatecommunityofshareddestiny.Thereare200-oddcountriesandregions,over2,500ethnicgroupsandamultitudeofreligionsintheworldtoday.Wecanhardlyimagineifthisworldhasonlyonelifestyle,onelanguage,onekindofmusicandonestyleofcostume.

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)模擬28SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationCompulsoryTranslation1.

Thisweekandnext,governm（江南博哥）ents,internationalagenciesandnongovernmentalorganizationsaregatheringinMexicoCityattheWorldWaterForumtodiscussthelegacyofglobalMulhollandisminwater—andtochartanewcourse.

Theycouldhardlyhavechosenabetterlocation.WaterisbeingpumpedoutoftheaquiferonwhichMexicoCitystandsattwicetherateofreplenishment.Theresult:thecityissubsidingattherateofabouthalfametereverydecade.Youcanseetheconsequencesinthecrackedcathedrals,thetiltingPalaceofArtsandthebrokenwaterandseweragepipes.

Everyregionoftheworldhasitsownvariantofthewatercrisisstory.TheminingofgroundwatersforirrigationhasloweredthewatertableinpartsofIndiaandPakistanby30metersinthepastthreedecades.Aswatergoesdown,thecostofpumpinggoesup,underminingthelivelihoodsofpoorfarmers.

Whatisdrivingtheglobalwatercrisis?Physicalavailabilityispartoftheproblem.Unlikeoilorcoal,waterisaninfinitelyrenewableresource,butitisavailableinafinitequantity.Withwateruseincreasingattwicetherateofpopulationgrowth,theamountavailableperpersonisshrinking—especiallyinsomeofthepoorestcountries.

Challengingasphysicalscarcitymaybeinsomecountries,therealproblemsinwatergodeeper.The20th-centurymodelforwatermanagementwasbasedonasimpleidea:thatwaterisaninfinitelyavailablefreeresourcetobeexploited,dammedordivertedwithoutreferencetoscarcityorsustainability.

Acrosstheworld,water-basedecologicalsystems—rivers,lakesandwatersheds—havebeentakenbeyondthefrontiersofecologicalsustainabilitybypolicymakerswhohaveturnedablindeyetotheconsequencesofover-exploitation.

Weneedanewmodelofwatermanagementforthe21stcentury.Whatdoesthatmean?Forstarters,wehavetostopusingwaterlikethere'snotomorrow—andthatmeansusingitmoreefficientlyatlevelsthatdonotdestroyourenvironment.Thebuzz-phraseattheMexicoWaterforumis"integratedwaterresourcemanagement."Whatitmeansisthatgovernmentsneedtomanagetheprivatedemandofdifferentusersandmanagethispreciousresourceinthepublicinterest.正確答案：本周，世界水論壇在墨西哥城開幕，論壇將一直持續(xù)到下周。來(lái)自政府、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)和非政府組織的代表們齊聚一堂，探討全球用水遺留問題，共商未來(lái)用水大計(jì)。

會(huì)議選址墨西哥城再合適不過。墨西哥城地下蓄水層的開采速度是地下水補(bǔ)給速度的2倍，由此造成墨西哥城以10年50厘米的速度不斷下沉，現(xiàn)在，這里的許多教堂出現(xiàn)裂隙，藝術(shù)宮日益傾斜，水管和排污管道開裂。

世界上每個(gè)地區(qū)都面臨水危機(jī)，只不過表現(xiàn)形式不同而已。在過去30年間，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地區(qū)大肆開采地下水用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉，致使水位下降了30米，開采成本隨之升高，給當(dāng)?shù)刎毧噢r(nóng)民的生計(jì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響。

全球水危機(jī)的成因是什么?部分原因是實(shí)際可用水資源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一種無(wú)限可再生資源，但是可用水資源卻十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的2倍，人均可用水資源在不斷減少，一些最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家尤其如此。

一些國(guó)家的實(shí)際可用水資源確實(shí)存在嚴(yán)重短缺的問題，不過水危機(jī)的發(fā)生還有其深層次的原因。20世紀(jì)的水資源管理模式存在問題：人們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，水資源取之不竭，用之不盡，是一種免費(fèi)資源，人們用水毫無(wú)節(jié)制，隨意修建水壩或開展調(diào)水工程，根本意識(shí)不到水資源短缺的問題，也不考慮這種用水模式是否具有可持續(xù)性。

世界各地的決策者對(duì)過度開采水資源可能產(chǎn)生的后果視而不見、不管不問，現(xiàn)在江河湖泊等水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，可持續(xù)性開始受到威脅。

在21世紀(jì)，我們必須改變這種水資源管理模式。如何加以改變呢?首先，我們必須摒棄這種“有今沒明”、短視自利的用水模式，提高用水效率，避免對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞。本次墨西哥水論壇的主要議題是“水資源綜合管理”，旨在敦促各國(guó)政府綜合管理不同用水需求，從公共利益出發(fā)合理利用寶貴的水資源。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

能源是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)?？v觀人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史，人類文明的每一次重大進(jìn)步都伴隨著能源的改進(jìn)和更替。能源的開發(fā)利用極大地推進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展。

過去100多年里，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家先后完成了工業(yè)化，消耗了地球上大量的自然資源，特別是能源資源。當(dāng)前，一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家正在步入工業(yè)化階段，能源消費(fèi)增加是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的客觀必然。

中國(guó)是當(dāng)今世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，擺脫貧困，是中國(guó)政府和中國(guó)人民在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期內(nèi)的主要任務(wù)。20世紀(jì)70年代末以來(lái)，中國(guó)作為世界上發(fā)展最快的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就，成功地開辟了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，為世界的發(fā)展和繁榮做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

中國(guó)是目前世界上第二位能源生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。能源供應(yīng)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐。能源消費(fèi)的快速增長(zhǎng)，為世界能源市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造了廣闊的發(fā)展空間。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界能源市場(chǎng)不可或缺的重要組成部分，對(duì)維護(hù)全球能源安全，正在發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的積極作用。正確答案：譯文一

Energyisanessentialmaterialbasisforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Overtheentirehistoryofmankind,eachandeverysignificantstepintheprogressofhumancivilizationhasbeenaccompaniedbyenergyinnovationsandsubstitutions.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofenergyhasenormouslyboostedthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandhumansociety.

Overmorethan100yearsinthepast,developedcountrieshavecompletedtheirindustrialization,consuminganenormousquantityofnaturalresources,especiallyenergyresources,intheprocess.Today,somedevelopingcountriesareusheringintheirowneraofindustrialization,andanincreaseofenergyconsumptionisinevitablefortheireconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,anddevelopingitseconomyandeliminatingpovertywill,foralongtimetocome,remainthemaintasksfortheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople.Sincethelate1970s,China,asthefastestgrowingdevelopingcountry,hasscoredbrilliantachievementsinitseconomyandsocietythathaveattractedworldwideattention,successfullyblazedthetrailofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andmadesignificantcontributionstoworlddevelopmentandprosperity.

Chinaisnowtheworld'ssecond-largestenergyproducerandconsumer.Thesustainedgrowthofenergysupplyhasprovidedanimportantsupportforthecountry'seconomicgrowthandsocialprogress,whiletherapidexpansionofenergyconsumptionhascreatedavastscopefortheglobalenergymarket.Asanirreplaceablecomponentoftheworldenergymarket,Chinaplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinmaintainingglobalenergysecurity.

譯文二

Energyservesasacrucialmaterial/physicalbasisthatsustainsthehumansociety.Ifwelookathowthehumansocietyhasevolvedandprospered,wewillunderstandthatrevolutionaryenergyupgradinghasaccompaniedmajorhumanprogresseverystepoftheway.Energydevelopmentandexploitationhasplayedakeyroleindrivingtheworldeconomyandhumansocietyforward./hasgivenastrongboosttoglobalsocio-economicdevelopment.

Thepastcenturyandmorehasseendevelopedcountriesgetfullyindustrializedatthecost/expenseofenormousnaturalresources,particularlyenergysourcesthatourplanethastooffer.Atthispoint,somedevelopingcountriesareinthemidstofindustrializationwhereincreasesinenergyconsumptionarepartofwhatittakestoboosttheireconomiesandimprovesocialwell-being.

Asthelargestdevelopingeconomyintheworld,Chinahasalong,hardjourneytogobeforethegovernmentandthepeoplecaneventuallyshakeoffpovertythrougheconomicexpansion.Chinahasemergedasthefastest-growingeconomysincethelate1970s,impressingtheworldwithenviable/remarkable/measurable/visiblesocio-economicgains.ChinahasalsoidentifiedtheroadtosocialismwithdistinctiveChinesefeaturesalongtheway.Assuch,Chinahascontributedagreatdeal/alsoemergedasagreatcontributortodevelopmentandprosperityoftheworld.

Chinarepresentstheworld'ssecondlargestenergyproducerandconsumer.Risingenergysupplyservesasastrongunderpinnerforsocio-economicdevelopmentinChina,whilerapidincreasesinenergyusepromiseahugemarketpotentialforenergyproducersworldwide.Asanintegralpartof/indispensablepartoftheworldenergymarket,Chinaisbecomingincreasinglycrucial/instrumental/pivotal/essentialtoglobalenergysecurity.

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)模擬30SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationCompulsoryTranslation1.

Therewas,lastweek,agli（江南博哥）mmerofhopeintheworldfoodcrisis.Expectingabumperharvest,Ukrainerelaxedrestrictionsonexports.Overnight,globalwheatpricesfellby10percent.

Bycontrast,tradersinBangkokquotericepricesaround$1,000aton,upfrom$460twomonthsago.

Suchisthevolatilityoftoday'smarkets.Wedonotknowhowhighfoodpricesmightgo,norhowfartheycouldfall.Butonethingiscertain:Wehavegonefromaneraofplentytooneofscarcity.Expertsagreethatfoodpricesarenotlikelytoreturntothelevelstheworldhadgrownaccustomedtoanytimesoon.

Imaginethesituationofthoselivingonlessthan$1aday—the"bottombillion,"thepoorestoftheworld'spoor.MostliveinAfrica,andmanymighttypicallyspendtwo-thirdsoftheirincomeonfood.

InLiberialastweek,Iheardhowpeoplehavestoppedpurchasingimportedricebythebag.Instead,theyincreasinglybuyitbythecup,becausethat'salltheycanafford.

TravelingthroughWestAfrica,Ifoundgoodreasonforoptimism.InBurkinaFaso,Isawagovernmentworkingtoimportdroughtresistantseedsandbettermanagescarcewatersupplies,helpedbynationslikeBrazil.InIvoryCoast,wesawawomen'scooperativerunningachickenfarmsetupwithUNfunds.Theprojectgeneratedincome—andfood—forvillagersinwaysthatcaneasilybereplicated.

Elsewhere,Isawyetanotherwomen'sgroupslowlyexpandingtheirlocalagriculturalproduction,withUNhelp.SoontheywillreplaceWorldFoodProgramricewiththeirownhome-grownproduce,sufficienttocovertheneedsoftheirschoolfeedingprogram.

Thesearehome-grown,grass-rootssolutionsforgrass-rootsproblems—preciselythekindofsolutionsthatAfricaneeds.正確答案：上周，世界糧食危機(jī)出現(xiàn)了一線轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。烏克蘭預(yù)期糧食豐收，因而放寬了糧食出口限制。一夜之間，全球小麥價(jià)格下挫10%。

相比之下，曼谷大米報(bào)價(jià)為每噸1000美元左右，相比兩個(gè)月前每噸460美元的價(jià)格有了大幅上漲。

這就是當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)劇烈波動(dòng)的真實(shí)寫照。我們無(wú)從知曉價(jià)格的漲跌幅度，但是有一點(diǎn)可以肯定，那就是：我們已經(jīng)告別了富足時(shí)代，轉(zhuǎn)而進(jìn)入了匱乏時(shí)代。專家們一致認(rèn)為，短期內(nèi)糧價(jià)不太可能恢復(fù)到正常水平。

現(xiàn)在全球“最底層的10億人”每天生活費(fèi)不足1美元，是世界上最貧苦的人群，我們不妨設(shè)身處地想想他們現(xiàn)在的處境如何。這個(gè)群體中大部分人生活在非洲，對(duì)于他們當(dāng)中的許多人而言，食品開支往往要占到收入的2/3。

我聽說上周利比里亞的民眾不再拿袋子去購(gòu)買進(jìn)口大米，更多的人是拿著杯子去買米，因?yàn)樗麄兊腻X只夠買一杯米。

走訪西非國(guó)家后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?nèi)杂欣碛杀３謽酚^。在布基納法索，當(dāng)?shù)卣e極進(jìn)口抗旱糧種，同時(shí)在巴西等國(guó)家的幫助下改善對(duì)寶貴水資源的管理。在科特迪瓦，一個(gè)女性合作社在聯(lián)合國(guó)基金的扶持下開辦了一家養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)，為當(dāng)?shù)卮迕駝?chuàng)收又增產(chǎn)，這種模式也很易于推廣。

在其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)，有的婦女團(tuán)體在聯(lián)合國(guó)的幫助下逐步擴(kuò)大當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。用不了多久，她們就可以生產(chǎn)出足夠多的大米來(lái)滿足當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校供餐的需要，屆時(shí)世界糧食署也將終止在當(dāng)?shù)氐募Z援工作。

對(duì)于基層問題總可以找到因地制宜的解決方案，對(duì)非洲而言尤其如此。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

中華文明經(jīng)歷了5000多年的歷史變遷，但始終一脈相承，積淀著中華民族最深層的精神追求，代表著中華民族獨(dú)特的精神標(biāo)識(shí)，為中華民族生生不息、發(fā)展壯大供了豐厚滋養(yǎng)。中華文明是在中國(guó)大地上產(chǎn)生的文明，也是同其他文明不斷交流互鑒而形成的文明。

公元前100多年，中國(guó)就開始開辟通往西域的絲綢之路。漢代張騫于公元前138年和119年兩次出使西域，向西域傳播了中華文化，也引進(jìn)了葡萄、苜蓿、石榴、胡麻、芝麻等西域文化成果。西漢時(shí)期，中國(guó)的船隊(duì)就到達(dá)了印度和斯里蘭卡，用中國(guó)的絲綢換取了琉璃、珍珠等物品。中國(guó)唐代是中國(guó)歷史上對(duì)外交流的活躍期。據(jù)史料記載，唐代中國(guó)通使交好的國(guó)家多達(dá)70多個(gè)，那時(shí)候的首都長(zhǎng)安里來(lái)自各國(guó)的使臣、商人、留學(xué)生云集成群。這個(gè)大交流促進(jìn)了中華文化遠(yuǎn)播世界，也促進(jìn)了各國(guó)文化和物產(chǎn)傳入中國(guó)。15世紀(jì)初，中國(guó)明代著名航海家鄭和七次遠(yuǎn)洋航海，到了東南亞很多國(guó)家，一直抵達(dá)非洲東海岸的肯尼亞，留下了中國(guó)同沿途各國(guó)人民友好交往的佳話。明末清初，中國(guó)人積極學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代科技知識(shí)，歐洲的天文學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、幾何學(xué)、地理學(xué)知識(shí)紛紛傳入中國(guó)，開闊中國(guó)人的知識(shí)視野。之后，中外文明交流互鑒更是頻繁展開，這其中有沖突、矛盾、疑惑、拒絕，但更多是學(xué)習(xí)、消化、融合、創(chuàng)新。正確答案：Havinggonethroughover5,000yearsofvicissitudes,theChinesecivilizationhasalwayskepttoitsoriginalroot.AstheuniqueculturalidentityoftheChinesenation,itcontainsourmostprofoundculturalpursuitsandprovidesuswithabundantnourishmentforexistenceanddevelopment.TheChinesecivilization,thoughbornonthesoilofChina,hascometoitspresentformthroughconstantexchangesandmutuallearningwithothercivilizations.

Inthe2ndcenturyB.C.,ChinabeganworkingontheSilkRoadleadingtotheWesternRegions.In138B.C.and119B.C.,EnvoyZhangQianoftheHanDynastymadetwotripstothoseregions,spreadingtheChineseculturethereandbringingintoChinagrape,alfalfa,pomegranate,flax,sesameandotherproducts.IntheWesternHanDynasty,China'smerchantfleetssailedasfarasIndiaandSriLankawheretheytradedChina'ssilkforcoloredglaze,pearlsandotherproducts.TheTangDynastysawdynamicinteractionsbetweenChinaandothercountries.Accordingtohistoricaldocuments,thedynastyexchangedenvoyswithover70countries,andChang'an,thecapitalofTang,bustledwithenvoys,merchantsandstudentsfromothercountries.ExchangesofsuchamagnitudehelpedthespreadoftheChineseculturetotherestoftheworldandtheintroductionintoChinaoftheculturesandproductsfromothercountries.Intheearly15thcentury,ZhengHe,thefamousnavigatorofChina'sMingDynasty,madesevenexpeditionstotheWesternSeas,reachingmanySoutheastAsiancountriesandevenKenyaontheeastcoastofAfrica.ThesetripsleftbehindmanygoodstoriesoffriendlyexchangesbetweenthepeopleofChinaandcountriesalongtheroute.InlateMingDynastyandearlyQingDynasty,theChinesepeoplebegantolearnmodernscienceandtechnologywithgreatzeal,astheEuropeanknowledgeofastronomy,medicine,mathematics,geometryandgeographywerebeingintroducedintoChina,whichhelpedbroadenthehorizonoftheChinesepeople.Thereafter,exchangesandmutuallearningbetweentheChinesecivilizationandothercivilizationsbecamemorefrequent.Therewereindeedconflicts,frictions,bewildermentanddenialinthisprocess.Butthemoredominantfeaturesoftheperiodwerelearning,digestion,integrationandinnovation.

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)模擬33SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslation1.

Madeiraismorethan500kilometersfromtheAfric（江南博哥）ancoastandisofficiallyoneofthe"outermostregions"oftheEuropeanUnion.Despitethatfar-flungstatus,MadeiracatapultedintothecenteroftheUnion'sagriculturalandenvironmentalaffairslastyearwhenPortugalaskedtheEuropeanCommissionforpermissiontoimposeanunprecedentedbanongrowingbiotechcropsthere.

Lastweek,thecommissionquietlyletthedeadlinepassforopposingPortugal'srequest,allowingMadeira,whichisoneofPortugal'sautonomousregions,tobecomethefirstE.U.territorytogetformalpermissionfromBrusselstoremainentirelyfreeofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.Madeiranowwillprobablygoaheadandimplementtheban,aspokeswomanforthePortuguesegovernmentsaidFriday.

IndividualEuropeancountriesandregionshavebannedcertaingeneticallymodifiedcropsbefore.ManyconsumersandfarmersincountrieslikeAustria,FranceandItalyregardthecropsaspotentiallydangerousandlikelytocontaminateorganicallyproducedfood.ButthecaseofMadeirarepresentsasignificantlandmark,becauseitisthefirsttimethecommission,whichrunstheday-to-dayaffairsoftheEuropeanUnion,haspermittedacountrytoimposesuchasweepinganddefinitiverejectionofthetechnology.

TheMadeirans'mainconcernsfocusedonpreservingthearchipelago'sbiodiversityanditsforestofsubtropicallaureltrees.Suchforests,knownaslaurisilva,wereoncewidespreadontheEuropeanmainlandbutwerewipedoutthousandsofyearsagoduringanearlierperiodofclimatechange.ThathasleftMadeirawith"muchthelargestextentoflaurelforestsurvivingintheworld,withauniquesuiteofplantsandanimals,"accordingtotheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,whichnamedtheMadeiranlaurisilvaaWorldHeritageSitein1999.Theforestalsoisagrowingattractionfortourists,whomakeupasignificantportionofMadeira'searnings.

InseekingtobanbiotechnologyonMadeira,thePortuguesegovernmenttoldthecommissionthatitwouldbeimpossibletoseparatecropscontaininggeneticallyengineeredmaterialfromotherplantlife.The"risktonaturepresentedbythedeliberatereleaseofGMOsissodangerousandposessuchathreattotheenvironmentalandecologicalhealthofMadeira,thatitisnotworthwhileriskingtheiruse,eitherdirectlyintheagriculturalsectororevenonanexperimentalbasis,"thePortuguesetoldthecommission.正確答案：