黃濤六級沖刺資料(一天)2-四六級講義資料文檔

黃濤老師介紹：

黃濤，全國最知名的考研英語輔導老師之一，是整個考研英語培訓“三三”體系的始創(chuàng)

者，考研英語課程改革的設(shè)計者，同時又是“快樂考研和成功考研'’的一貫堅持者。在全

國考研英語界最先提出英語復習的三個重要的備考階段：春季的基礎(chǔ)班、重點解決詞和

句的問題。暑期的強化班，重點解決各大題型命題規(guī)律和解題技巧。秋季的?？紱_刺和

作文班，重點講授解題的怪招和妙招。

三年前，黃濤又在考研英語界最先開設(shè)精品導學課，讓廣大考生最早進入考研的狀態(tài)，

正所謂領(lǐng)先一步，步步領(lǐng)先！黃濤老師學術(shù)功底深厚，熟諳考研英語命題規(guī)律和應(yīng)試技

巧，授課深入淺出，條理清晰，富有激情，邏輯性強，直取學生的弱點和盲點。

主講傳統(tǒng)閱讀、翻譯和作文部分，所授課程通過率極高，深受廣大考研學子門的喜愛

和推崇。主編《考研英語句子閱讀新思維》、《啟航英語最后5套題》、《高教社考研英語

精品訓練5套題》、《大學英語報刊閱讀》等多部精品考研教材。歡迎廣大全國各地考研

學子登錄黃濤新浪博客：/huangtaokaoyan;和新浪微博：黃濤考研。

Mr.Yellow寄語北京啟航學校所有考研黃桃們：

四、六級考試在20xx年12月份大變臉，完型填空徹底退出四六級考試大舞臺，希望

從此一去不復返！漢譯英比重由5%加大到15%,這對廣大考生帶來巨大的備考壓力。復

合式聽寫取消句子聽寫，似乎難度有所降低，但是聽寫還是暗含一定的殺機！快速閱讀

取消了傳統(tǒng)四個選項的選擇，改為單句信息與原文內(nèi)容匹配的題型，這種題型和考研閱

讀新題型信息匹配題在某種程度上相似。

總之，四六級考試和考研有著大部分相似的測試內(nèi)容，只是測試的級別不一樣，因

此通過四六級來準備考研英語應(yīng)該是一條可行的備考之路。Yellow在此衷心希望黃桃們，

從現(xiàn)在開始認真?zhèn)淇妓牧?，仔細聽好每次強化課程，尤其是課后要復習好課堂所授技

巧，消除考研路上的第一只攔路虎，從而為考研打下夯實的基礎(chǔ)，讓四六級不再是心中

永遠的痛！

最后祝愿廣大啟航黃桃六級考試一考而過！

黃濤

20xx年5月

六級沖刺獨家核心資料

主講名師：黃濤

閱讀Parti:選詞填空（5%=36分），選詞填空做題步驟和技巧

1.先看框內(nèi)15個單詞，劃分,確定,特別注意一詞和一詞

現(xiàn)象,例如：acquire（也），considerably相當?shù)模?，last”.持續(xù)），subject^.受至力,

state（也闡述），knowledges.知曉，知道），advaaced（adj.提前的，高級的），fine（〃e罰

款，細微的），比如finetune（微調(diào)），address（憶解決）。

2.回到原文，以句子為單位邊讀邊做題，首先決定所填空的,再結(jié)合上下文正

確理解,特別找出的詞語，比如：

engagein（忙于），capabilityof（有能力做），indeDnndDntlyof（與...無關(guān)），contributes

to（導致）,belimitedto（限制在）,giveriseto/givebirthto（導致），respondto（對...做出反

應(yīng)），endup（最終，以...結(jié)束），exposureto（暴露在），beaddictedto（對L癮），insistence

on（堅持）。

3.六級選詞填空和四級的最大區(qū)別在于：intimate(),feeble()等。

SimulatedTest1

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.(20XX/6)

MillionsofAmericansareenteringtheir60sandaremoreconcernedthaneveraboutretirement.

Theyknowtheyneedtosave,buthowmuch?Andwhatexactlyaretheysavingfor-tospendmoretime

36thegrandkids,gotraveling,orstartanothercareer?Itturnsoutthathusbandsandwivesmayhave

37differentideasaboutthesubject.

Thedeepestdivideisinthewayspousesenvisagetheirlifestyleintheirlateryears.Fidelity

InvestmentsInc.found41percentofthe500couplesitsurveyed38onwhetherbothoratleastone

spousewillworkinretirement.Wivesaregenerallyrightregardingtheirhusbands'retirementage,butmen

39theagetheirwiveswillbewhentheystopworking.Andhusbandsareslightlymore40about

theirstandardoflivingthanwivesare.

Busyjuggling(窮于應(yīng)付)careersandfamilies,morecouplesdon'ttakethetimetositdown,41or

together,andthinkaboutwhattheywouldliketodo5,10or20yearsfromnow.They42theyareon

thesamepage,butthe43istheyhaveavoidedeventalkingaboutit.

Ifyouareself-employedorinajobthatdoesn'thaveastandardretirementage,youmaybemoreapt

todelaythinkingabouttheseissues.Itisoftena44retirementdatethatprovidesthecalalysi(催化劑)

tostartplanning.Gettinglaidofforacceptinganearly-retirement45canforceyourhand.Butdon'I

waituntilyougetaseverance(遣散費)checktobeginplanning.

A)assumeB)confidentialC)disagreeD)formula

E)forthcomingF)illustratingG)mysteriouslyH)observe

I)optimisticJ)packageK)radicallyL)reality

M)separatelyN)spoiling0)underestimate

SimulatedTest2

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

lbunderstandwhyweshouldbeconcernedabouthowyoungpeopleread,ithelpstoknowsomething

aboutthewaytheabilitytoreadevolved.Unliketheabilitytounderstandandproducespokenlanguage,the

abilitytoreadmustbepainstakingly36byeachindividual.The“readingcircuits5*weconstructinthe

braincanbe37ortheycanberobust,dependingonhowoftenandhow38weusethem.

Thedeepreaderentersastateofhypnotictrance(心醉神迷的狀態(tài)).Whenreadersareenjoyingthe

experiencethemost,thepaceoftheirreading39slows.Thecombinationoffast,fluentdecodingof

wordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwith

reflectionandanalysis.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishan40relationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoof

them41_inalongandwarmconversationlikepeoplefallinginlove.

Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeopleknowit.Theirreadingisinstrumental:thedifferencebetween

whatliterarycriticFrankKermodecalls“carnal(肉體的)reading"and"spiritualreading?'Ifweallowour

offspringtobelievecarnalreadingisallthereis—ifwedon'topenthedoortospiritualreading,throughan

early42ondisciplineandpractice-wewillhave43___themofanenjoyableexperiencethey

wouldnototherwiseencounter.Observingyoungpeople's44todigitaldevices,someprogressive

educatorstalkabout"'meetingkidswheretheyare,“moldinginstructionaroundtheironscreenhabits.This

ismistaken.Weneed,45,toshowthemsomeplacethey'veneverbeen,aplaceonlydeepreadingcan

takethem.

注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

A)acquiredB)actuallyC)attachmentD)cheated

E)engagedF)feebleG)illicitH)insistence

I)intimateJ)notwithstandingK)petitionL)rather

M)scarcelyN)swayed0)vigorously

KeytoTest2

36.A37.F38.039.B40.1;41.E42.H43.D44.C45.L

SimulatedTest3

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Forinvestorswhodesirelowriskandguaranteedincome,U.S.Governmentbondsareasecure

investmentbecausethesebondshavethefinancialbackingandfullfaithandcreditofthefederal

government.Municipalbonds,alsosecure,areofferedbylocalgovernmentsandoftenhave36

suchastax-freeinterest.Somemayevenbe37.Corporatebondsareabitmorerisky.

Twoquestionsoften38first-timecorporatebondinvestors.Thefirstis“IfIpurchaseacorporate

bond,doIhavetoholdituntilthematuritydate?”Theanswerisno.Bondsareboughtandsolddailyon

39securitiesexchanges.However,ifyoudecidetosellyourbondsbeforeitsmaturitydate,youarenot

guaranteedtogetthefacevalueofthebond.Forexample,ifyourbonddoesnothave40thatmakeit

attractivetootherinvestors,youmaybeforcedtosellyourbondata41,i.e.,apricelessthanthe

bond'sfacevalue.Butifyourbondishighlyvaluedbyotherinvestors,youmaybeabletosellitata

premium,apriceaboveitsfacevalue.Bondpricesgenerally42inversely(相反土也)withcurrent

marketinterestrates.Asinterestratesgoup,bondpricesfall,andviceversa.Thus,likeallinvestments,

bondshaveadegreeofrisk.

Thesecondquestionis“HowcanI43theinvestmentriskofaparticularbondissue?wStandard&

Poor'sandMoody'sInvestorsServiceratethelevelofriskofmanycorporateandgovernmentbonds.And

44__,thehigherthemarketriskofabond,thehighertheinterestrate.Investorswillinvestinabond

consideredriskyonlyifthe45returnishighenough.

A)advantagesB)assessC)botherD)conserved

E)deductionF)discountG)embarrassH)features

I)fluctuateJ)indefiniteK)insuredL)major

M)naturallyN)potential0)simultaneously

KeytoTest3

36.A;37.K;38.C;39.L;40.H:41.F;42.1;43.B;44.M;45.N;

**課堂筆記：選詞填空考點歸納

一,詞性識別和詞語修飾性：

1.形容詞修飾_________________________________________________________

2.名詞________________________________________________________________

3.動詞________________________________________________________________

4.副詞修飾___________________________________________________________

二.固定短語的搭配和記憶

三.特殊詞性:

四.一致性和邏輯關(guān)系考點:

五.干擾項特點:

歡迎黃桃們登陸Yellow博客：/huangtaokaoyan和新浪微博：黃濤

考研，去積極閱讀相關(guān)博文并踴躍提問。衷心祝愿廣大黃桃們今年六級考試一考而過！

咱們考研班上不見不散！

PartII閱讀第二部分：仔細閱讀(分值20%間42分)

六級閱讀做題步躲

1,先閱讀5個題干，找出信號詞，分清題型，;

2.返回原文，按段閱讀，重點閱讀,定位出題的句子；

3.回到題目，仔細思考選項，比出正確答案。

Passage1

回Somefuturologistshaveassumed(hatthevastupsurgeofwomenintheworkforcemayportenda

rejectionofmarriage.Manywomen,accordingtothishypothesis,wouldratherworkthanmarry.The

converseofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecomingamulti-paycheckhouseholdcouldencourage

marriage.Inthepast,onlytheearningsandfinancialprospectsofthemancountedinthemarriagedecision.

Now,however,theearningabilityofawomancanmakehermoreattractiveasamarriagepartner.回

Datashowthateconomicdownturnstendtopostponemarriagebecausethepartiescannotaffordto

establishafamilyorareconcernedaboutrainydaysahead.Astheeconomyrebounds,thenumberof

marriagesalsorises.

Psychologicalfactorsalsoshouldbeconsidered.,54.|Forexample,awifeblockedfromacareeroutside

thehomemayfeelcagedinthehouse.Shemayviewseekingadivorceasheronlychoice.Ontheother

hand,ifshecanfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,workandmarriagecangotogetherto

createastrongerandmorestableunion.

Also,amajorpartofwomen'sinequalityinmarriagehasbeenduetothefactthat,inmostcases,men

haveremainedthemainbreadwinners.Withhigherearningcapacityandstatusoccupationsoutsideofthe

homecomesthecapacitytoexercisepowerwithinthefamily.Aworkingwifemayrobahusbandofbeing

themasterofthehouse.Dependinguponhowthecouplereactstothesenewconditions,itcouldcreatea

strongerequalpartnershiporitcouldcreatenewinsecurities.

52.Theword"portend”(Line2,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto"

A)defyB)signalC)sufferfromD)resultfrom

53.Itissaidinthepassagethatwhentheeconomyslides,.

A)menwouldchooseworkingwomenastheirmarriagepartners

B)morewomenwouldgetmarriedtoseekfinancialsecurity

C)evenworkingwomenwouldworryabouttheirmarriages

D)morepeoplewouldprefertoremainsingleforthetimebeing

54.Onereasonwhywomenwithnocareermayseekadivorceisthat.

A)theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedom

B)theyareafraidofbeingbossedaroundbytheirhusbands

C)theyfeelthattheirpartnersfailtoliveuptotheirexpectations

D)theytendtosuspecttheirhusbands,loyaltytotheirmarriage

55.Ifwomenfulfillsthroughtheworkoutsidethehome,.

A)theyaremorelikelytodominatetheirmarriagepartners

B)theirhusbandsareexpectedtodomorehousework

C)theirmarriagetiescanbestrengthened

D)theytendtoputtheircareerbeforemarriage

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizetheauthor'sview?

A)Thestabilityofmarriageanddivorceratemayreflecteconomicsituationofthecountry.

B)Wheneconomicallyindependent,womenhavetostruggleforrealequalityinmarriage.

C)Tosecuretheirmarriagewomenshouldworkoutsidethehomeandremainindependent

D)Theimpactofthegrowingfemaleworkforceonmarriagevariesfromcasetocase.

Passage2

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsor

embodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.^7]Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesof

slippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.囤ConsequentlyIhavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse

——partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativedies

suddenlyinsomedistantlandleavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasinandalittlebitofextraflesh

unappealing,ifnotrepellent.§9]Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,and

excessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehada

problemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwassymbolofprobablesalvationandhigh

morals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

|60]Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthat

beingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofuelledbvheallhconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehave

moreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthatinmanycasesbeingoverweightcorrelateswithan

increasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.

Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswith

excessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-

toomuchfatandalackoffiber(纖維)thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcernthenisnotthatweweightoomuchbutthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.

Exerciseisnecessaryfbrstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffat

canalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.

Simplybeingthinisnotenough.|61]Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhogetoralreadyarethinthinkthey

areautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepure

vainglory(虛榮心).

57.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat.

A)theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B)lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C)beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D)religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

58.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor.

A)hadtoeatmuchlessfbrthegreaterpartofherlife

B)couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C)hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D)hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

59.Inhumanhistory,people'sviewsonbodyweight.

A)werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B)changedfromtimetotime

C)variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D)ledtodifferentmoralstandards

60.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness.

A)fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B)fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C)fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D)inthelightof(依據(jù))moralprinciples

61.What'stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

A)Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B)Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C)Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D)Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

Passage3

WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,

portrayingthetown's2,305studentsasvictimsofstingytaxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat;the

property-taxratehereisone-thirdlowerthanthestateaverage.Butshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowed

Kalkaska'seducatorsandthestate'slargestteachers'union,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakea

politicalpoint.|62,631TheiraimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingto

increasethestate'sshareofschoolfunding.

ItwasnocoincidencethatKalkaskashutitsschoolstwoweeksafterresidentsrejecteda28percent

property-taxincrease.Theschoolboardarguedthatwithouttheincreaseitlackedthe$1.5millionneeded

tokeepschoolsopen.

|6T|Buttheschoolsystemhadnotdoneallitcouldtokeeptheschoolsopen.Officialsdeclinedtoborrow

againstnextyear'sstateaid,theyrefusedtotrimextracurricularactivitiesandtheydidnotconsiderseeking

asmaller-perhapsmoreacceptable-taxincrease.Infact,closingearlyiscostingKalkaskaasignificant

amount,including$600,000inunemploymentpaymentstoteachersandstaffand$250,000inloststateaid.

InFebruary,theschoolsystempromisedteachersandstafftwomonthsofretirementpaymentsincase

schoolsclosedearly,adealthatwillcostthedistrict$275,000more.

65^|Othersignssuggestschoolauthoritieswereatleastaseagertomakeapoliticalstatementastokeep

schoolsopen.TheMichiganEducationAssociationhiredapublicrelationsfirmtostagearallymarkingthe

schoolclosings,whichattracted14localandnationaltelevisionstationsandnetworks.Thepresidentofthe

NationalEducationAssociation,theMEA'sparentorganization,flewfromWashington,D.C.,fbrtheevent.

Andtheuniontutoredschoolofficialsintheartoftelevisioninterviews.SchoolsupervisorDoyleDisbrow

acknowledgesthedistrictcouldhavekeptschoolsopenbycuttingprogramsbutdeniesthemoveswere

politicallymotivated.

Michiganlawmakershavereactedangrilytotheclosings.ThestateSenatehasalreadyvotedtoputthe

systemintoreceivershipandreopenschoolsimmediately;theMichiganHousePlanstoconsiderthebillthis

week.

62.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolsinKalkaska,Michigan,arefunded.

A)mainlybythestategovernment

B)exclusivelybythelocalgovernment

C)bytheNationalEducationAssociation

D)byboththelocalandstategovernments

63.Oneofthepurposesfbrwhichschoolofficialsclosedclasseswas.

A)todrawtheattentionoflocaltaxpayerstopoliticalissues

B)toavoidpayingretirementbenefitstoteachersandstaff

C)topressureMichiganlawmakersintoincreasingstatefundsforlocalschools

D)tomakethefinancialdifficultiesoftheirteachersandstaffknowntothepublic

64.Theauthorseemstodisapproveof.

A)theshuttingofschoolsinKalkaska

B)theinvolvementofthemassmedia

C)theMichiganlawmakers1endlessdebating

D)delayingthepassageoftheschoolfundinglegislation

65.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolauthoritiesinKalkaskaaremoreconcernedabout.

A)makingapoliticalissueoftheclosingoftheschools

B)thealtitudeoftheMEA'sparentorganization

C)araiseintheproperty-taxrateinMichigan

D)reopeningtheschoolsthereimmediately

66.Accordingtothepassage,theclosingoftheschoolsdevelopedintoacrisisbecauseof.

A)thestrongprotestonthepartofthestudents1parents

B)thepoliticalmotivesonthepartoftheeducators

C)theweakresponseofthestateofficials

D)thecomplexityoftheproblem

(Keyto62—66DCAAB)

Passage4

EarlyintheageofaffluencethatfollowedWorldWarII,anAmericanretailinganalystnamedVictor

Lebowproclaimed,”聞.Ourenormouslyproductiveeconomy....demandsthatwemakeconsumptionour

wayoflife,thatweconvertthebuyinganduseofgoodsintorituals,thatweseekourspiritualsatisfaction,

ouregosatisfaction,inconsumption.Weneedthingsconsumed,burnedup,wornout,replacedand

discardedataneverincreasingrate.^^

AmericanshaverespondedtoLebow'scall,andmuchoftheworldhasfollowed.Consumptionhas

becomeacentralpillaroflifeinindustriallandsandisevenembeddedinsocialvalues.Opinionsurveysin

theworld'stwolargesteconomics—JapanandtheUnitedSlates-showconsumeristdefinitionsof

successbecomingevermoreprevalent.

Over-consumptionbytheworld'sfortunateisanenvironmentalproblemunmatchedinseverityby

anythingbutperhapspopulationgrowth.Theirsurgingexploitationofresourcesthreatenstoexhaustor

unalterablyspoilforests,soils,water,airandclimate.

Ironically,叵|highconsumptionmaybeamixedblessinginhumanterms,too.Thetime-honoredvalues

ofintegrityofcharacter,goodwork,friendship,familyandcommunityhaveoftenbeensacrificedinthe

rushtoriches.

Thusmanyintheindustriallandshaveasensethattheirworldofplentyissomehowhollow-that,

misledbyaconsumeristculture,回theyhavebeenfruitlesslyattemptingtosatisfywhatareessentially

social,psychologicalandspiritualneedswithmaterialthings.

Ofcourse,theoppositeofover-consumption—poverty——isnosolutiontoeitherenvironmentalorhuman

problems.Itisinfinitelyworseforpeopleandbadfbrthenaturalworldtoo.Dispossessed(一無所有的)

peasantsslash-andbumtheirwayintotherainforestsofLatinAmerica,andhungrynomadsturntheirherds

outontofragileAfricangrassland,reducingittodesert.

17T.Ifenvironmentaldestructionresultswhenpeoplehaveeithertoolittleortoomuch,weareleftto

wonderhowmuchisenough.Whatlevelofconsumptioncantheearthsupport?Whendoeshavingmore

ceasetoaddnoticeablytohumansatisfaction?

67.TheemergenceoftheaffluentsocietyafterWorldWarII.

A)ledtothereformoftheretailingsystem

B)resultedintheworshipofconsumerism

C)gaverisetothedominanceofthenewegoism

D)gavebirthtoanewgenerationofupperclassconsumers

68.Apartfromenormousproductivity,anotherimportantimpetustohighconsumptionis.

A)thepeople'sdesireforariseintheirlivingstandards

B)theconceptthatone'ssuccessismeasuredbyhowmuchtheyconsume

C)theimbalancethathasexistedbetweenproductionandconsumption

D)theconversionofthesaleofgoodsintorituals

69.Whydoestheauthorsayhighconsumptionisamixedblessing?

A)Becausepovertystillexistsinanaffluentsociety.

B)Becauseover-consumptionwon'tlastlongduetounrestrictedpopulationgrowth.

C)Becausetraditionalritualsareoftenneglectedintheprocessofmodernization.

D)Becausemoralvaluesaresacrificedinpursuitofmaterialsatisfaction.

70.Accordingtothepassage,consumeristculture.

A)willnotalleviatepovertyinwealthycountries

B)willnotaggravateenvironmentalproblems

C)cannotthriveonafragileeconomy

D)cannotsatisfyhumanspiritualneeds

71.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)humanspiritualneedsshouldmatchmaterialaffluence

B)whetherhighconsumptionshouldbeencouragedisstillanissue

C)howtokeepconsumptionatareasonablelevelremainsaproblem

D)thereisneveranendtosatisfyingpeople'smaterialneeds

(Keyto67—71BBDDC)

PassageFive(20XX/6)

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.

That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexert

moreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownboth

WallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpeted

practiceofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德

的)behavioringeneral.

“Gcalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivation

thatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikely

toengageinunethicalbehaviors,saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWharton

School.

“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal--youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”

Schweitzersays."Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe20xxcollapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,

wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,

Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheat

orsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.It

promptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthe

manybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuch

evidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal(反駁)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:"Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizations

cannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrive

withoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

ButSchweitzercontendsthe"'mountingcausalevidence“l(fā)inkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehavior

shouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation."Evenafewnegative

effectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,hesays.

^Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwith

carefuloversight,astrongorganizati