翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)2011年05月

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)2011年05月SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslation1.

Farmsgooutofbusinessformanyreasons,but（江南博哥）fewfarmsdomerelybecausethesoilhasfailed.Thatisthemiracleoffarming.Ifyoucareforthesoil,itwilllast—andyield—nearlyforever.Americaissuchayoungcountrythatwehavebarelytestedthat.Formostofourhistory,therehasbeennewlandtofarm,andwestillfarmasthoughtherealwayswillbe.

Still,therearesomeveryoldfarmsoutthere.TheoldestistheTuttlefarm,nearDover,N.H.,whichisalsooneoftheoldestbusinessenterprisesinAmerica.Itmadethenewslastweekbecauseitsowner—alinealdescendantofJohnTuttle,theoriginalsettler—hasdecidedtogooutofbusiness.Itwasfoundedin1632.Ihearitssweetcornislegendary.

Theyear1632isunimaginablydistant.In1632,Galileowasstillpublishing,andJohnLockewasborn.Therewereperhaps10,000colonistsinallofAmerica,onlyafewhundredoftheminNewHampshire.TheTuttleacres,then,wouldhaveseemedalmostassurroundedastheydoin2010,butbyforestinsteadofhighwaysandhouses.

Itwasaprecariousoperationatthestart—asallfarmingwasinthenewcolonies—anditbecameprecariousenoughagaininthesepastfewyearstopeteroutatlast.Thelandisprotectedbyaconservationeasementsoitcan'tbedeveloped,butnooneknowswhetherthenextownerwillfarmit.

InaletterontheirWebsite,theTuttlescite"exhaustionofresources"asthereasontosellthefarm.Theexhaustedresourcestheylistincludebodies,minds,hearts,imagination,equipment,machineryandfinances.Theydonotmentionsoil,whichhasbeenrenewedandredeemedrepeatedly.It'sasthoughtheparishionersoftheFirstParishChurchinnearbyDover—erectednearly200yearslater,in1829—hadrebuiltthestructureonthesamespoteveryfewyears.

Itistoosimpletosay,astheTuttleshave,thattherecessionkilledafarmthathadsurvivedfornearly400years.Whatkilleditwastheeconomicstructureoffoodproduction.Eachyearithasbecomeharderforfamilyfarmstocompetewithindustrialscaleagriculture—heavilysubsidizedbythegovernment—undersellingthemateveryturn.Inasystemcommittedtothehealthoffarmsandtheirintegrationwithlocalcommunities,theresultwouldhavebeendifferent.In1632,andformanyyearsafter,theTuttlefarmwasanecessity.In2010,itissuddenlysuperfluous,orsoweliketopretend.正確答案：農(nóng)場(chǎng)破產(chǎn)原因很多，不過(guò)僅僅因?yàn)橥寥劳嘶飘a(chǎn)的卻為數(shù)不多，這也正是經(jīng)營(yíng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)：如果對(duì)農(nóng)田悉心照料，那么土壤將可永葆肥力，農(nóng)場(chǎng)也可持續(xù)高產(chǎn)。美國(guó)是一個(gè)相對(duì)年輕的國(guó)家，歷史上尚未對(duì)上述理論進(jìn)行過(guò)試驗(yàn)論證。回顧美國(guó)的發(fā)展史，在大多數(shù)歷史階段，可供開(kāi)墾的土地不斷涌現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)如今，美國(guó)的耕種觀念依然沒(méi)變，似乎美國(guó)有開(kāi)墾不完的土地。

不過(guò)，美國(guó)還是有一些頗有年頭的老農(nóng)場(chǎng)，年頭最長(zhǎng)的當(dāng)屬塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)。該農(nóng)場(chǎng)位于美國(guó)新罕布什爾州多佛市附近，也是美國(guó)歷史最為悠久的商業(yè)企業(yè)之一。就在上周，塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)成了一大新聞?，F(xiàn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)主、農(nóng)場(chǎng)創(chuàng)始人約翰·塔特爾的直系繼承人宣布農(nóng)場(chǎng)破產(chǎn)。塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)成立于1632年，據(jù)說(shuō)該農(nóng)場(chǎng)出產(chǎn)的甜玉米特別有名。

1632年是多么久遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)年份，那年，伽利略仍在出書(shū)，約翰·洛克(著名的英國(guó)哲學(xué)家)才剛剛出生。當(dāng)時(shí)，全美共有約1萬(wàn)名殖民者，而新罕布什爾只有區(qū)區(qū)幾百名。那時(shí)的塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)四周森林環(huán)繞，如今的農(nóng)場(chǎng)四周已是公路密布，庭院櫛比。

在新殖民地開(kāi)墾農(nóng)場(chǎng)一開(kāi)始都會(huì)出現(xiàn)經(jīng)營(yíng)問(wèn)題，塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)也不例外。近年來(lái)該農(nóng)場(chǎng)再次出現(xiàn)經(jīng)營(yíng)問(wèn)題，最終難逃破產(chǎn)的命運(yùn)。塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)簽署了保護(hù)地役權(quán)協(xié)定，不允許做其他開(kāi)發(fā)之用，但是接收農(nóng)場(chǎng)的人會(huì)不會(huì)繼續(xù)農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)還是個(gè)未知數(shù)。

塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)上載有一封塔特爾家族的公開(kāi)信，信中稱(chēng)出售農(nóng)場(chǎng)是因?yàn)椤百Y源耗盡”。信中羅列的耗盡的資源包括：心力交瘁、創(chuàng)新力枯竭、設(shè)備機(jī)械老化、財(cái)力不支等。他們唯獨(dú)沒(méi)有提及土壤問(wèn)題，而土壤歷經(jīng)了循環(huán)往復(fù)的開(kāi)墾，(肥力如何可想而知)。在臨近的多佛市有一座“第一教區(qū)教堂”，興建于1829年，比農(nóng)場(chǎng)建立的時(shí)間晚了近200年。如果打個(gè)比方的話(huà)，對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的循環(huán)開(kāi)墾利用就好比是該教堂的教民每隔幾年就在同一地點(diǎn)重建教堂一樣。

塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)歷經(jīng)近400年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨一直經(jīng)營(yíng)到現(xiàn)在，塔特爾家族的人稱(chēng)是眼下這場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退使得農(nóng)場(chǎng)難以為繼。這話(huà)說(shuō)起來(lái)著實(shí)輕巧。可是，真正導(dǎo)致農(nóng)場(chǎng)破產(chǎn)的是糧食生產(chǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在，農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)行規(guī)?；a(chǎn)，政府給予大力補(bǔ)貼，大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)的糧食售價(jià)自然會(huì)處處低于家族經(jīng)營(yíng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，致使這些家族農(nóng)場(chǎng)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中日益處于劣勢(shì)。如果美國(guó)在糧食生產(chǎn)體系中切實(shí)關(guān)注農(nóng)場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌兼顧農(nóng)場(chǎng)與當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展，結(jié)局就不是現(xiàn)在這樣了/塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)就不會(huì)落到這般田地。自1632年建立之后的若干年里，塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)一直都是(當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展)不可或缺的一大支柱，而在2010年，塔特爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)瞬間已成冗余之物，或者說(shuō)被我們看作一個(gè)累贅。

2.

Theglobalyouthunemploymentratehasreacheditshighestlevelonrecord,andisexpectedtoincreasethrough2010,theInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)saysinanewreportthatwasissuedtocoincidewiththelaunchoftheUNInternationalYouthYear.

Thereport:ILOGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2010saysthatofsome620millioneconomicallyactiveyouthaged15to24years,81millionwereunemployedattheendof2009—thehighestnumberever.Thisis7.8millionmorethantheglobalnumberin2007.Theyouthunemploymentrateincreasedfrom11.9percentin2007to13.0percentin2009.

Theglobalyouthunemploymentrateisexpectedtocontinueitsincreasethrough2010,to13.1percent,followedbyamoderatedeclineto12.7percentin2011.Thereportalsopointsoutthattheunemploymentratesofyouthhaveproventobemoresensitivetothecrisisthantheratesofadultsandthattherecoveryofthejobmarketforyoungmenandwomenislikelytolagbehindthatofadults.

Itaddsthatthesetrendswillhave"significantconsequencesforyoungpeopleasupcomingcohortsofnewentrantsjointheranksofthealreadyunemployed"andwarnsofthe"riskofacrisislegacyofa'lostgeneration'comprisedofyoungpeoplewhohavedroppedoutofthelabourmarket,havinglostallhopeofbeingabletoworkforadecentliving".

TheILOreportpointsoutthatindevelopingeconomies,youtharemorevulnerabletounderemploymentandpoverty.正確答案：在“聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際青年年”發(fā)起之際，國(guó)際勞工組織發(fā)布了一份新的報(bào)告，指出全球青年失業(yè)率已創(chuàng)歷史新高，在2010年還將繼續(xù)攀升。

這份名為《2010年全球青年就業(yè)形勢(shì)展望》的報(bào)告指出，截止到2009年底，在全球約6.2億青年(定義為15～24歲年齡段、經(jīng)濟(jì)上十分活躍的群體)中，失業(yè)人數(shù)達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的8100萬(wàn)人，比2007年全球失業(yè)青年人數(shù)多了780萬(wàn)人，青年失業(yè)率從2007年的11.9%上升至2009年的13.0%。

據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，全球青年失業(yè)率在2010年將攀升至13.1%，隨后會(huì)有所放緩，到2011年下降至12.7%。該報(bào)告同時(shí)指出，事實(shí)證明，危機(jī)對(duì)青年失業(yè)率的影響要大于對(duì)成年失業(yè)率的影響，而此次危機(jī)后青年就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的復(fù)蘇很可能會(huì)滯后于成年就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的復(fù)蘇。

該報(bào)告還指出，隨著更多的青年人不斷加入到青年失業(yè)大軍中，上述趨勢(shì)對(duì)青年人將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重影響。該報(bào)告警告稱(chēng)，此次危機(jī)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生危機(jī)后遺癥，即催生新的“失落的一代”：大批失業(yè)青年對(duì)生活開(kāi)始感到絕望。

這份國(guó)際勞工組織發(fā)布的報(bào)告還指出，在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，青年更容易受到就業(yè)不足和貧困的影響。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

60年來(lái)特別是改革開(kāi)放30年來(lái)，中國(guó)取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成就，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng)，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步，人民生活從溫飽不足發(fā)展到總體小康，中國(guó)社會(huì)進(jìn)發(fā)出前所未有的活力和創(chuàng)造力。

同時(shí)，我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到，中國(guó)仍然是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)在發(fā)展進(jìn)程中遇到的矛盾和問(wèn)題無(wú)論規(guī)模還是復(fù)雜性都是世所罕見(jiàn)。要全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)，進(jìn)而基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化、實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。

我們將繼續(xù)從本國(guó)國(guó)情出發(fā)，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)以及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，全力做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。正確答案：譯文一

Chinahasachievedremarkableprogressinthose60years,particularlyinthelast30yearssincereformandopening-up.China'seconomyandcomprehensivenationalstrengthhavegrownsignificantlyandvarioussocialprogramshavemadebigstrides.TheChinesepeople,oncelackingbasiclivingnecessities,arenowleadingamoderatelyprosperouslife,andthewholesocietyisshowingunprecedenteddynamismandcreativity.

Wearekeenlyaware,however,thatChinaremainstheworld'slargestdevelopingcountry.Thedifficultiesandproblemsthatwefaceindevelopmentarerarelyseeninanyotherpartoftheworldintermsoftheirscaleandcomplexity.Westillhavealongwaytogobeforewecanbuild,inacomprehensiveway,amoderatelyprosperoussocietyofahigherlevelthatwillbenefitthemorethanonebillionChinesepeople,andthenachievebasicmodernizationandbringcommonprosperitytoallourpeople.

Wewill,inthelightofournationalconditions,continuetofollowthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,persistinreformandopening-up,promotescientificdevelopmentandsocialharmony,andachieveall-roundprogressintheeconomic,political,cultural,socialandenvironmentalfields.Wewillensurethatourdevelopmentisforthepeopleandbythepeopleandthefruitsofdevelopmentaresharedamongthepeople.

譯文二

Chinahasscoredenviable/remarkable/measurable/impressiveachievementsoverthepast6decades,particularlyoverthepast30yearssincereformandopeningup./Chinahasimpressedtheworldwithanenviabledevelopmenttrajectoryoverthepast60yearssincethefoundingofnewChina,particularlyoverthepast30yearssincetheinitiationofreformandopening-up.Amongothers,Chinahasgainedstrongmomentumeconomicallyandintermsofoverallnationalstrength,andsocialprogramshavemadegreatheadway/progressedacrosstheboard/Chinahascomealongwayinvarioussocialprograms.TheChinesepeoplehaveexperienced/seenmeasurableimprovementsintheirlivelihoodfrominsufficiencytomoderateprosperity/GonearethosedayswhentheChinesepeoplecouldhardlyfeedandclothethemselves.TheChinesepeopletodayenjoyawell-offlifebyandlarge.Overall,Chinahaswitnessedgreatvitalityandexcitingcreativityneverseenbeforeonthisland./NeverbeforeinhistoryhasChinabeensovibrantandcreative.

Thatbeingsaid,wearesober-mindedthat/wearekeenlyawarethat/Chinaremainsthelargestdevelopingeconomyintheworld.Assuch,imbalancesandchallengesthathaveemergedonthescenearetrulyrareintermsofbothscaleandcomplexity.Inthisconnection,/Suchbeingthecase,/ThatmeansChinastillhasalong,hardjourneytogobeforeitmakesitpossiblefor/enables/empowersitsoveronebillionpeopletoliveinabetter-offsociety,acountryofmodestmodernityandeventuallyacommunityofprosperityforall.

China'snationalrealitymeansthatwewillremaincommittedtosocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandstayfocusedonreformandopening-updowntheroad.Wewillrenewourcommitmenttofosterwell-balanceddevelopmentandsocialharmonyandpushforeconomicdevelopment,politicalandsocialprogress,culturaladvancementandecologicalimprovement.Ultimately,wemustworktoseetoitthatdevelopmentisforthepeopleandbythepeople,andthatdevelopmentgainsaresharedbythepeople.

2.

非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是民族文化的精華、民族智慧的結(jié)晶。我國(guó)有56個(gè)民族，各民族在長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中創(chuàng)造了豐富多彩的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，由于工業(yè)化和城市化的加速，人們的生產(chǎn)生活方式發(fā)生了重大變化，也使非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境不同程度地遭到破壞。

作為一種鮮活的文化，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是民眾生活的重要組成部分，在當(dāng)代仍然散發(fā)著獨(dú)特的光彩和魅力，仍然是傳承文化、推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的不竭動(dòng)力，是文化創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)和源泉。

因此，搶救和保護(hù)那些處于瀕危和生存困境中的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，已成為時(shí)代賦予我們的非常緊迫的歷史任務(wù)。

文化生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū)是以保護(hù)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)為核心、對(duì)歷史積淀豐厚、存續(xù)狀態(tài)良好、具有鮮明地域文化特色和價(jià)值的文化形態(tài)進(jìn)行整體