Unit 4 《同步寫作-概要寫作》課件2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

同步寫作——概要寫作NATURALDISASTERSUNIT4

寫作指導(dǎo)寫概要寫作時要先讀懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者觀點(diǎn)，抓關(guān)鍵詞，篩選與主旨有關(guān)的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的語言知識，對原語篇進(jìn)行“濃縮”，寫出一個新的語篇。而新的語篇，既要做到在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、語篇銜接和連貫各要素上與原文保持一致，又要做到簡明扼要、意義完整、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密和語句通順。(一)寫作步驟考生可以從以下五個步驟來進(jìn)行概要寫作：1．通讀全文，判斷體裁一篇概要寫作是否正確、有條理，能否把握文章的體裁，都是建立在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上的。因此，通讀全文，可以為考生從宏觀上把握文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯、判斷文章的體裁奠定基礎(chǔ)。2．查找信息，分清主次概要寫作，要求考生具有從文章中抽取主干和找到關(guān)鍵信息的能力。在第二遍細(xì)讀時，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影響概要寫作的簡潔性；同時，要養(yǎng)成在重點(diǎn)詞句下做出標(biāo)記的習(xí)慣。3．概括大意，提煉內(nèi)容考生在理解全文內(nèi)容，弄清主次關(guān)系之后，可以初步寫出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出現(xiàn)遺漏要點(diǎn)或增添要點(diǎn)的情況。4．獲取要點(diǎn)，靈活表達(dá)為了使所寫概要簡明、扼要，就要對羅列的每段大意進(jìn)行整合、合并；同時為了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生靈活采用同義詞或近義詞進(jìn)行替換，用不同的句式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，并在必要的地方使用連接詞，使表達(dá)連貫通順。5．檢查修改，整理謄寫寫完初稿后，需要在內(nèi)容上、語言上以及上下文的連貫性上進(jìn)行檢查：看是否包括了原文的所有要點(diǎn)，語言詞匯的運(yùn)用是否準(zhǔn)確和地道，以及行文是否流暢；另外，還要注意詞數(shù)限制和書寫規(guī)范。(二)改寫句子基本方法1．同義替換法Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.2．正話反說法Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.3．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.4．利用介詞短語法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus，wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式變化法(1)語態(tài)變換Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)簡單句變復(fù)合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)連詞銜接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)詞序改變法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)利用特殊句式法Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too.→Jimwantstogoboating，andsodohisparents.話題詞匯順接、遞進(jìn)：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what'smore，what'sworse，what'smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast轉(zhuǎn)折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto結(jié)果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that總結(jié)：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking話題句式1．記敘文點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus...(主題)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情節(jié))作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.，which...他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoingsth....2．議論文Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn't...(主題)...(補(bǔ)充論據(jù))Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsth....Theauthorarguesthat...3．說明文現(xiàn)象解釋類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主題)，which...(補(bǔ)充解釋)利弊對比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB．Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...研究顯示類：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...典例展示閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Manyyearsago，whenIwasfreshoutofschool，Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款臺)，Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff，buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.Itwasthecouple.Theysaidtheywouldtakeme.WechattedandwhenIgotoutofthecar，thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotethemathank-younote.Soonafterward，IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater，Idrovetoameetinginthemorning.InlateafternoonIfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday，andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealershipwasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”

Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment，solater，Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadeverwrittenhimandsaythankyou，anditmeantalot，hesaid.“Thankyou”

—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.StepOne審題謀篇

體裁記敘文話題得到幫助后表示感謝時態(tài)一般過去時人稱第二、三人稱1．描述 ________2．經(jīng)歷 ________3．寫感謝信 _________________4．幫助他 _____________5．認(rèn)識到 ________describe

StepTwo詞匯運(yùn)用

experience

writethank-younotes

givehimahand

realize

1．完成句子①在這篇文章中，作者給我們描述了收到陌生人幫助的兩次經(jīng)歷。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences________________________________________________.②在這兩次經(jīng)歷中，作者向陌生人寫了感謝信。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthor________________________________thestrangers.③當(dāng)他的車出故障的時候他們幫助了他。They________________________________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.of

StepThree句式表達(dá)being

helped

by

the

strangers

wrote

thank-you

notes

to

had

given

him

a

hand

2．句式升級④把第①句中的ofbeinghelpedbythestrangers改成定語從句。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences____________________________.⑤把②、③句用定語從句合為一句話。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthorwrotethank-younotestothestrangers_____________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.th