2022年大學(xué)英語考試模擬卷253測

2022年大學(xué)英語考試模擬卷

（本卷共分為1大題50小題.作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

單位：姓名:考號:

題號單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分

分值

得分

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意)

1.Isthereanythingmoreboringthanhearingaboutsomeoneelse,sdream

AndisthereanythingmoremiraculousthanhavingoneofyourownThe

voluptuouspleasureofHarukiMurakamifsenthralIingfictions-fulIof

enigmaticimagery,randomnonsense,andprofunditiesthatmayormaynot

holdupintheIightofday-remindsmeofdreaming.Likenootherauthor

Icanthinkof,Murakamicapturesthejuxtapositionsofthetrivialand

themomentousthatcharacterizedreamIife,thosecrazyincidentsthat

seemsovividinthemomentandsoblurryandpreposterouslateron.His

charactersIiveordinaryIives,boilingpastaforIunch,ridingthebus,

andbIastingPrincewhileworkingoutatthegym.Thensuddenlyand

matter-of-factIy,theydosomethingutterlynuts,Iikestrikeupa

conversationwithacoquettishSiamesecat.Ormaybemackereland

sardinesbegintorainfromthesky.InMurakami*sworId,thesethings

makecomplete,cock-eyedsense.LikemanyofMurakami*sheroes,Kafka

TamurainKafkaontheShorehasmorerewardingrelationshipswith

Iiteratureandmusicthanwithpeople.(Murakamifspassionformusic

isinfections;nothingmademewanttorushoutandpurchaseaBrahms

CDuntiIIreadhisSputnikSweetheart.)Onhis15thbirthday,Kafkaruns

awayfromhisTokyohomeforobscurereasonsrelatedtohisfamous

scuIptorfather.Hischoiceofadestinationisarbitrary.Orisit

"Shikoku,Idecide.That'swhereI'IIgo...ThemoreIlookatthemap

—actua11yeverytimeIstudyit-themoreIfeelShikokutuggingatme."

OntheislandofShikoku,KafkamakeshimselfafixtureattheIocaI

Iibrary,wherehesettlesintoacomfortabIesofaandstartsreadingThe

ArabianNights:"LikethegenieinthebottIetheyhavethissortofvital,

Iivingsenseofplay,offreedomthatcommonsensecan'tkeepbottIed

up."AsinaDavidLynchmovie,alItheIibrarystaffersarephilosophical

eccentricsreadytoadvancethesurreaInarrative.Oshima,the

androgynousclerk,taIkstoKafkaabout(inevitably)Kafkaandthemerits

ofdrivingwhileIisteningtoSchubert("adense,artistickindof

imperfectionstimulatesyourconsciousness,keepsyoualert.IfIIisten

tosomeutterlyperfectperformanceofanutterlyperfectpiecewhile

I'mdriving,Imightwanttoclosemyeyesanddierightthere").The

tragicallyalluringheadIibrarian,MissSaeki,oncewroteahitsong

called"KafkaontheShore"—andmayormaynotbeKafka*sIong-1ost

mother.Alarmingly,shealsostarsinhiseroticfantasies.In

alternatingchapters,MurakamirecordstheevenodderanticsofNakata,

asimpIemindedcatcatcherwhospendshisdayschattingwithtabbiesin

avacantTokyolot.Oneafternoon,amenacingdogleadshimtothehome

ofasadisticcatkillerwhogoesbythenameJohnnieWalker.Walkerends

updeadbytheendoftheencounter;backinShikoku,Kafkaunaccountably

findshimselfdrenchedinbIood.Soon,NakatatoobeginsfeeIingan

inexpIicablepulItowardtheisland.Ifthisplotsoundstota11y

demented,trustme,itgetsevenweirderthanthat.Likeadream,you

justhavetobethere.And,Iikeadream,whatthisdazzlingnovelmeans

-orwhetheritmeansanythingatalI—wemayneverknow.

Whatis"KafkaontheShore"

A.ItisafictionwrittenbyaheadlibrarianMissSaeki.

B.ItisanautobiographicalnovelofKafkaTamura.

C.ItisamovieadaptedfromHarukiMurakamifsbook.

D.Itisthenameofahitsonginanovelunderthesamename.

2.ThomasHardywrotethefollowingnoveIsEXCEPT

[A]GreatExpectations.

[B]TessoftheD'Urbervilles.

[C]TheReturnoftheNative.

[D]UndertheGreenwoodTree.

3.Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthe

newsitem,youwiIIbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Now

Iistentothenews.

JohnHolmesthoughtthattheBurmesegovernmentcouldbemore

followingtheconstitutionalreferendum.

A.naive

B.feasible

C.open

D.elastic

4.TheroadfromMiIduratoMerbein,innorth-westVictoria,isasadsight.

Manyofitsfarmsarecoveredwithwinegrapes,dyingonthevines.Farmers

plantedthevineshopingtocashinontheseeminglyendlessboomin

Australianwine.Butin2007theboomturnedtobust,foreingmanyfarmers

towalkawayfromgrapesandlandtheycannotsell.Overthepast15

yearsAustraIia'swineindustryhasbeenoneofitsgreatsuccessstories.

ExportrevenueslastyearreachedA$3billion($2.4billion),fourtimes

thefigurefrom1997.Britain,AmericaandCanada,amongthemost

competitivemarketsforwine,areAustralia1sthreebiggestcustomers.

ButthesufferinginplacesIikeMiIduraandnearbyRenmarkinSouth

AustraIiaisasignthattheindustryfelIvictimtoitsownsuccess.

FlushedwithagrowingdemandforAustralianwines,agrapeshortage,

andsoaringgrapeprices,growersrushedtoplantmorevinesinthelate

1990s.In1998theyputinarecord16,000newhectares,doubIethenew

plantingstwoyearsearIier.In2005Australiaproducedalmost2miIIion

tonsofwinegrapes,aquartermorethananalystssayitsmarketscan

absorb.ThencameAustralia'sworstdroughtinacentury.MiIduraand

Renmarkaresurroundedbydesert,andfruitfarmsandvineyardssurvive

onlywithirrigationfromtheMurrayRiver,theIifebIoodofAustralia,

sagriculture.SmalIerfirms,whichsupplythebigwinemakerswithsome

oftheirgrapes,facedadoublewhammy:fallinggrapepricesandcuts

toirrigationwater.StephenStrachan,chiefexecutiveoftheWine-

makers,FederalionofAustraIia,reckonsthedroughtwasaturningpoint,

evenatragiconeinsomecases,inforcingtheindustrybackto

"sustainablelevels".ThepIantingrushhasended.The3,600hectares

ofnewvinesplantedin2006aImostequaledthe3,400hectaresofvines

rippedoutofthegroundthatyear.Thedroughthasalsoledtomuch

soul-searchingamongAustraliaJs2,000wineproducersabouthowthe

industrycanrecaptureitsreputationforquaIitywines.Thereisnow

stiffcompetitioninthemid-marketfromotherNewWorldproducers,

notabIyNewZeaIand,wherethewineindustryisbooming.MuchAustralian

wineduringthegrapeglutfounditswayontotheworldmarketasbulk

orncommodity"wine,soldatlowpricesorevenataloss.Thisharmed

Australia'sreputationamongconsumers.AustraIianproducersnowface

thetaskofearningareputationforquaIityratherthanquantity.The

appreciationoftheAustraliandollar,whichmakesAustralianwinesmore

expensiveoverseas,hasbroughtanewurgencytothejob.Historically,

manyAustralianwinemakershavederidedtheFrenchapproachtomaking

wine,especiallytheideathatthefinestwinescomeonlyfromaterroir

―theunionofcIimateandsoiIcharacteristicofeachpIace.AustraIian

producersinsteadpridethemseIvesonwhattheyregardasalesssnooty

andmoredemocraticapproach:blendinggrapesfromdifferentregionsto

achieveaconsistentwine.Butsomearenowaskingwhethermarketingan

Australianwine'slocality,asmuchasitsgrapevariety,mightwork

better.SomesmalIerproducersarealreadydoingjustthat.InMargaret

RiverinWesternAustralia,forexampIe,smalIwinemakersproduce3%of

thecountry1sproduction,mainlyatthehighendofthemarket,and

independentIyofthebigcompaniesthatpredominateineasternAustraIia.

DenisHorgan,theownerofLeeuwinEstate,ravesabouttheregion*ssoiI

andclimate,andprideshimselfonLeeuwin*shigh-qualitywines,which

seiIforasmuchasA$95abottIe.SteveWebber,thewinemakeratDe

Bortoli,afamilywineryintheYarraVaileyofVictoria,arguesthat

AustraliacannolongerhopetocompeteonpriceaIone."Wehavetobe

maltingmoreinterestingwines,andwehavetolookmoretoourregions,

astheFrenchdo,"hesays.AustraIia's2008grapeharvestisexpected

tobebackdownto1.6miIIiontons.GrapesareonceagaininshortsuppIy,

andpricesarerisingmodestly.Butonlythefoolhardywouldtakethis

asachancetomakeakilling,andstartpIantingagain.

GrowersinAustraliapIantedofnewvinesin1996,accordingto

thepassage.

A.3,600hectares

B.3,400hectares

C.8,000hectares

D.16,000hectares

5.ItwassaidbySirGeorgeBernardShawthat"EnglandandAmericaare

twocountriesseparatedbythesamelanguage."Myfirstpersonal

experienceofthiswaswhenIworkedasacampcounselorfortwomonths

in2000inSummerCamprunbytheBoyScoutsofAmerica,aspartofan

internationalleaderexchangescheme.BeforeIwent,alItheparticipants

intheschemeweregivenashortIistofwordsthatareincommonuse

intheUKwhichAmericanswouIdeitherbeconfusedbyorwouIdevenoffend

them.Imemorizedthewordsandthought"I'IIcopen.WhenIfinally

arrivedintheStatesthreemonthslater,Irealizedthatperhapsa

IifetimeofwatchingAmericantelevisionwasnotadequatepreparation

forappreciatingandcopingwiththedifferencesbetweenAmericanand

Britishspeech.InthefirsthourofarrivingatthecampIwasexposed

toHighSchooIAmericanEnglishtBlackAmericanEnglishandAmerican

EnglishspokenbyJoePubIic,alIeverydifferenttoeachother.Needless

tosay,Ididcopeintheend.TheAmericansImetwereverywelcoming

andhelpful,andIfoundtheywerepatientwithmewhenImadeasociaI

fauxpaswhenIusedaninappropriatewordorphrase.Uponmyreturn

Ibegantowonderwhetheranyonehaddocumentedthedifferencesbetween

AmericanandBritishEnglish.Ifoundseveralbooksonthesubjectbut

oftenthesewerewritteninadryandacademicway.IfeltthatIcould

dobetterandusemysenseofhumorandpersonaIexperiencestoheIppeopIe

frombothsidesofAtIantictocommunicatemoreeffectiveIywhenthey

meet.MyresearchintothesubjectledmetoseveralconeIusions.

Firstly,AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharecovering,thanksto

increasedtransatIantictraveIandthemedia.ThemovementofsIangwords

ismostlyeastwards,thoughafewwordsfromtheUKhavebeenadopted

bytheIvyLeaguefraternities.Thisconvergenttrendisarecentone

datingfromtheemergenceofHo11ywoodasthepredominantfiImmaking

centerintheworldandalsofromtheSecondWorIdWarwhenlargenumbers

ofAmericanGlswerestationedintheUK.Thistrendwasconsolidated

bytheadventoftelevision.Beforethen,itwasthoughtthatAmerican

EnglishandBritishEngIishwoulddivergeasthetwoIanguagesevoIved.

In1789,NoahWebsterstatedthat:"NumerousIocaIcauses,suchasanew

country,newassociationsofpeople,newcombinationsofideasinthe

artsandsomeintercoursewithtribeswho11yunknowninEuropewill

introducenewwordsintotheAmericantongue."Hewasright,buthisnext

statementhassincebeenprovedtobeincorrect.nThesecauseswiII

produceinthecourseoftimeaIanguageinNorthAmericaasdifferent

fromthemodernDutch,DanishandSwedisharefromtheGermanorfrom

oneanother."WebsterhadunderratedtheamountofsociaIintercourse

betweenEnglandandherformercolony.EvenbeforeWebsterhadstarted

tocompiIehisdictionary,wordsandexpressionsfromtheAmericahad

alreadyinfiItratedtheBritishlanguage,forexampIe"canoe"and

"hatchetSecondIy,therearesomegeneralizationsthatcanbemade

aboutAmericanandBritishEnglishwhichcanreveaIthenatureofthe

twonationsandtheirpeoples.Britishspeechtendstobelessgeneral,

anddirectedmore,innuancesofmeaning,attendantmurmuringsandpauses,

carriesaweaIthofsharedassumptionsandattitudes.Inotherwords,

theBritisharepreoccupiedwiththeirsociaIstatuswithinsocietyand

speakandactaccordinglytofitintothesociaIclasstheyaspireto.

Thisisparticularlyevidentwhentalkingtosomeonefrom"themiddle

class"whenhepointsoutthatheis"uppermiddleclass"ratherthan

"middleclass"or"lowermiddleclass".JohnMajor(theformerUKPrime

Minister)mayhavesaidthatwearenowIivingina"classlesssociety"

buttheclasssystemstillprevaiIs.AtthatmomentbothheandtheLeader

oftheOpposition,TonyBlair,weretalkingaboutcapturingthe"middle

England","middleclassvote"asthekeytowinningthenextgeneral

election.AmericanspeechtendstobeinfIuencedbytheover-heated

languageofmuchofthemedia,whichisdesignedtoattachanimpression

ofexcitingactivitytopassive,ifsometimesinsignificantevents.Yet,

curiously,reaIlyviolentactivityandIife-changingeventsarehidden

inbIindantiseptictonesthatservetodisguisethereaIity.TwoexampIes

comereadilytomind-theUSMiIitarywiththeir"friendlyfire"and

"collateraIdamages"andthebusinessworldwiththeir"downsizing".

BritishpeopletendtounderstatementwhereasAmericanstowards

hyperbole.ABritonmightrespondtoasuggestionwithawordsuchas

"Terrific!"onlyifheisexpressingrapturousenthusiasm,whereasan

Americanmightusethewordmerelytosignifypoliteassent.Thirdly,

TheAmericanIanguagehaslessregardthantheBritishforgrammatical

form,andwi11happilybulIdozeitswayacrossdistinetionsratherthan

steerapath

A.supportthestatementofBernardShaw.

B.describehispersonalexperiences.

C.showhissenseofhumor.

D.helppeople,scommunication.

6.Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeontheoldwoodenstairsthat

hotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotataiIman.Butto

afive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesun

godownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,

astreetthatIwasnevera11owedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,

orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.Cherry-scentedsmokefrom

Grandpa1spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirls

dancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughed

asItriedtotargettheholewithmyfinger.I,cladinacoolsummer

night,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.

Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorofthenextonetoturnthe

corner.Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances.The

fourthbornofsixchiIdren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertoo

youngortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobaby

brotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersibIingspIayedwith

friendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnota11owedtogo.Istayedwith

Grandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.My

grandfatherwasbabysittingwhiIemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwent

out."Thirsty"Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.

"Yes,"wasmyreply.nHowwouldyouIiketorunovertothegasstation

thereandgetyourselfabottIeofCoke"Icouldn,tbeIievemyears.

HadIhearditrightWashetalkingtomeOnmyfamily'smodestincome,

Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.Afewtantalizingsipswas

alIIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottIe."Okay,"Ireplied

shyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouIdgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpa

wasgoingtocomewithme.Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraight

andreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.IcouldhearthefamiIiar

janglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarried.Openinghisfist,he

exposedamoundofsiIvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollars

there.Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherest

ofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup."Okay,"hesaid,helping

medownthestairsandtothecurb,"I'mgoingtostayhereandkeep

anearoutforthebabies.11IItellyouwhenit'ssafetocross.You

goovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitfor

metote11youwhenit'ssafetocrossback."Myheartpounded.IcIutched

mydimetightIyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.

GrandpaheldmyhandtightIy.TogetherweIookedupthestreetanddown,

andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldneitwassafeto

cross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrun

before.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheother

side.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,

standingexactIywhereIhadlefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved."Go

on,hurryup,"heyeIled.MyheartpoundedwiIdlyasIwaIkedinside

thedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather.My

surroundingswerefamiIiar.IheardtheCoca-CoIamachinemotorhumming

evenbeforeIsawit.IwaIkeddirectIytothebigoldred-and-white

dispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeand

hadfantasizedaboutthismomentmanytimes.Thebigoldmonster

greedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottIesshift.OntiptoesI

reachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowof

thickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectIyatme,andicecoldfromthe

refrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.

Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotherone

immediatelytookitsplace.ThebottIewascoldinmysweatyhands.I

wiIIneverforgetthefeeIingofthecooIgIassonmyskin.Withtwohands.

IpositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboIted

tothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedin

toretrieveit.Iwascoldandbentinthemiddle,butIknewIneeded

tohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintothe

earlyeveningdusk.GrandpawaswaitingpatientIy.Hesmiled."Stop

rightthere,"heyeIled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,

Grandpasteppedoffthecurb."Comeon,now,”hesaid,"run."Idid.Cool

brownfoamsprayedmyhands."Don*teverdothatalone,"hewarned.I

heldtheCokebottIetightIy;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoa

cup,miningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn't.Onelongswa11owofthe

coIdbeveragecooIedmysweatingbody.Idon*tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.

BysayingIwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances"inthethird

paragraph,theauthormeans

A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomake.

B.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedto

do.

C.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthborn

ofsixchildren.

D.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoccnsiderdifferent

circumstances.

7.Isthereanythingmoreboringthanhearingaboutsomeoneelse*sdream

AndisthereanythingmoremiraculousthanhavingoneofyourownThe

voluptuouspleasureofHarukiMurakamiysenthralIingfictions-fulIof

enigmaticimagery,randomnonsense,andprofunditiesthatmayormaynot

holdupintheIightofday-remindsmeofdreaming.Likenootherauthor

Icanthinkof,Murakamicapturesthejuxtapositionsofthetrivialand

themomentousthatcharacterizedreamIife,thosecrazyincidentsthat

seemsovividinthemomentandsoblurryandpreposterouslateron.His

charactersIiveordinaryIives,boilingpastaforIunch,ridingthebus,

andbIastingPrincewhileworkingoutatthegym.Thensuddenlyand

matter-of-factIy,theydosomethingutterIynuts,Iikestrikeupa

conversationwithacoquettishSiamesecat.Ormaybemackereland

1

sardinesbegintorainfromthesky.InMurakamisworIdtthesethings

makecomplete,cock-eyedsense.LikemanyofMurakami9sheroes,Kafka

TamurainKafkaontheShorehasmorerewardingrelationshipswith

Iiteratureandmusicthanwithpeople.(Murakami*spassionformusic

isinfections;nothingmademewanttorushoutandpurchaseaBrahms

CDuntiIIreadhisSputnikSweetheart.)Onhis15thbirthday,Kafkaruns

awayfromhisTokyohomeforobscurereasonsrelatedtohisfamous

scuIptorfather.Hischoiceofadestinationisarbitrary.Orisit

"Shikoku,Idecide.That,swhereI'IIgo...ThemoreIlookatthemap

-actua11yeverytimeIstudyit-themoreIfeelShikokutuggingatme."

OntheislandofShikoku,Kafkamakeshimselfafixtureatthelocal

Iibrary,wherehesettlesintoacomfortablesofaandstartsreadingThe

ArabianNights:"LikethegenieinthebottIetheyhavethissortofvital,

Iivingsenseofplay,offreedomthatcommonsensecan'tkeepbottIed

up."AsinaDavidLynchmovie,alItheIibrarystaffersarephilosophical

eccentricsreadytoadvancethesurreaInarrative.Oshima,the

androgynousclerk,taIkstoKafkaabout(inevitably)Kafkaandthemerits

ofdrivingwhileIisteningtoSchubert("adense,artistickindof

imperfectionstimulatesyourconsciousness,keepsyoualert.IfIIisten

tosomeutterlyperfectperformanceofanutterlyperfectpiecewhile

I'mdriving,Imightwanttoclosemyeyesanddierightthere").The

tragicallyalluringheadIibrarian,MissSaeki,oncewroteahitsong

called"KafkaontheShore"—andmayormaynotbeKafka*sIong-1ost

mother.Alarmingly,shealsostarsinhiseroticfantasies.In

alternatingchapters,MurakamirecordstheevenodderanticsofNakata,

asimpIemindedcatcatcherwhospendshisdayschattingwithtabbiesin

avacantTokyolot.Oneafternoon,amenacingdogleadshimtothehome

ofasadisticcatkillerwhogoesbythenameJohnnieWalker.WaIkerends

updeadbytheendoftheencounter;backinShikoku,Kafkaunaccountably

findshimseIfdrenchedinbIood.Soon,NakatatoobeginsfeeIingan

inexpIicablepulItowardtheisland.IfthisplotsoundstotaIIy

demented,trustme,itgetsevenweirderthanthat.Likeadream,you

justhavetobethere.And,Iikeadream,whatthisdazzlingnovelmeans

―orwhetheritmeansanythingatalI-wemayneverknow.

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutHaruki

Murakami1snoveIs

A.Theybringthesensorypleasuretotheauthor.

B.Theyarefullofimaginationwithoutanyprofundities.

C.Theyjuxtaposethetrivialwiththemomentous.

D.Theyaresimilarincharacteristicstodreams.

8.WhatshouldthechiIdrendotoensurethepossessionoftheirsites

A.Frequentlychangetheirpasswordsofonlineaccounts.

B.Puttheirphotosonlinefrequentlyandrandomly.

C.Guaranteethedecencyoflanguageontheirsites.

D.Usetheirreadfullnamefortheironlineaccount.

9.HumanIanguagecancopewithanysubjectwhatever,anditdoesnot

matterhowfarawaythetopicofconversationisintimeandspace.Which

designfeatureofIanguagedoesthisphenomenonreferto

[A]Productivity.

[B]Culturaltransmission.

[C]Displacement.

[D]Arbitrariness.

10.ThemainmountainrangeinthewestofUSstretchingfromtheCanadian

bordertoNewMexicois

[A]theAppalachianMountains.

[B]theRockyMountains.

[C]theGreenMountains.

[D]theWhiteMountains.

11.TheroadfromMiIduratoMerbein,innorth-westVictoria,isasad

sight.Manyofitsfarmsarecoveredwithwinegrapes,dyingonthevines.

Farmersplantedthevineshopingtocashinontheseeminglyendlessboom

inAustraIianwine.Butin2007theboomturnedtobust,forcingmany

farmerstowaIkawayfromgrapesandlandtheycannotsell.Overthe

past15yearsAustraliaswineindustryhasbeenoneofitsgreatsuccess

stories.ExportrevenueslastyearreachedA$3billion($2.4bi11ion),

fourtimesthefigurefrom1997.Britain,AmericaandCanada,amongthe

mostcompetitivemarketsforwine,areAu