講艾滋病的英文

演講人：日期：講艾滋病的英文IntroductiontoAIDSSymptomsandDiagnosisofAIDSTreatmentandManagementofAIDSPreventionStrategiesforAIDSSocialandPsychologicalAspectsofAIDSSocialResponsibilityinFightingAgainstAIDS目錄01IntroductiontoAIDSAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isachronic,potentiallylife-threateningconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)DefinitionAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheearly1980s,primaryaffectingmenwhohavesexwithmenandindividualswhoinjectdrugsSincethen,ithasbecomeaglobalpanelaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideHistoryDefinitionandHistoryofAIDSCausesandTransmissionofHIVHIVistransmittedthroughcontactwithinfectedbodilyfluids,suchasblood,sex,vaginalsecrets,andbreastmilkCommonmodesoftransmissionincludeunprotectedsequentialintercourses,sharingofcontiguousneedsorsymmetries,andmothertochildtransmissionduringpreconcy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingCausesPreventingthespreadofHIVinvestmentsavoidingexposuretoaffectedbodyfluidsthroughpracticessuchassafesex,avoidingsharedneedsorsymmetries,andproperscreeningofbloodproductsPreventionGlobalImpactAIDShashadadevelopingimpactonglobalhealth,affectingindividuals,families,communities,andeconomiesItisoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathworldwide,particularlyinlow-andmiddleincomecountriesStatisticsAccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),anestimated38millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVgloballyin2021Thatyear,therewereapproximately1.5millionnewHIVinfectionsand650000AIDSrelateddeathsGlobalImpactandStatistics02SymptomsandDiagnosisofAIDS

EarlySignsandSymptomsFlulikesymptomsFatigue,fever,somestroke,andheadachearecommonearlysignsofHIVinfectionSkinrashesSomepeoplemayexperienceaskinrashthatcanbeitchyorpaidSwollenlymphnodesEnlargedlymphnodes,particularlyintheneck,armpit,orgroove,canbeanearlyindicatorofHIVinfectionProgressiontoAIDSdefiningIllnessPersistentorrecurrentfansAstheimmunesystemweakens,individualsmayexperiencefrequentorprolongedfansChronicdiarraDiarrathatlastformorethanaweekcanbeasignofadvancedHIVinfectionWeightlossUnexplainedweightlosscanbeasymptomofAIDS,asthebodystrugglestoabsorbnutrientsandfitoffinfectionsOpportunisticinfectionsIndividualswithAIDSaremoresusceptibletoinfectionsthattypicallydonotaffectpeoplewithhealthyimmunesystemsHIVantibodytestThisbloodtestlooksforantibodiesproducedbytheimmunesysteminresponsetoHIVApositiveresultindicatesthatHIVispresentHIVRNAtestThistestmeasurestheamountofHIVintheblood,knownastheviralloadItcanbeusedtomonitortheprogressofthediseaseandtheeffectivenessoftreatmentCD4countThistestmeasuresthenumberofCD4cellsintheblood,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellsthatplayakeyroleintheimmunesystemAlowCD4countisasignthattheimmunesystemisweakDiagnosticTestsandProceduresOthertestsDependenceonthesymptomsandcomplicationspresent,doctorsmayorderadditionalteststoruleoutotherconditionsortoassesstheextentoftheHIVinfectionDiagnosticTestsandProcedures03TreatmentandManagementofAIDSCombinationofdrugs01ARTtypologicallyinvolvestakingacombinationofantiviraldrugsthattargetdifferentstagesoftheHIVlifecycleReducingvirtualload02ThegoalofARTistoreducetheamountofHIVinthebody(virtualload)toundetectablelevels,whichhelpsrestoreimmunefunctionandpreventdiseaseprogressionAdhesiontomedicine03StrictadhesiontothesubscribedmedicineregioniscriticalforthesuccessofARTAntiviralTherapy(ART)PreventinginfectionsPeoplewithAIDSareatanincreasingriskofdevelopingopportunisticinfections(OIs),whicharecausedbymicroorganismsthatdonotcommonlycausediseaseinhealthindividualsPreventingtheseinfectionsinvolvespracticessuchasgoodhygiene,avoidingexposuretopotentialpathogens,andtakingpathologicalexaminationsManagingOpportunisticEffectsTreatinginfectionsWhenOIsdooccur,theyaretreatedwithspecificantimicrobialtherapiesthattargetthespecificmicroorganismscausingtheinfectionMonitoringanddiagnosisRegularmonitoringforsignsandsymptomsofOIs,aswellastimelydiagnosisandtreatment,areessentialformanagingtheseinfectionsManagingOpportunisticEffectsPalliativecarefocusesonmanagingthesymptomsandsideeffectsofadvancedAIDS,suchaspain,fatigue,andnasea,toimprovequalityoflifeProvidingpsychologicalsupporttopatientsandtheirfamiliesisanimportantaspectofpalliativecare,asithelpstoaddresstheemotionalandpsychologicalimpactofthediseaseForpatientswithterminalAIDS,palliativecarealsoinvolvespromotingendoflifecarethatfocusesoncomfortanddiversity,includingmanagingpainandothersyndromes,andpromotingspiritualandemotionalsupportSymptommanagementPsychosocialsupportEndoflifecarePalliativeCareforAdvancedDisease04PreventionStrategiesforAIDSAvoidcontactwithbloodandotherbodilyfluidsthatmaycontainHIVDonotshareneeds,symmetries,orotherinvestmentequipmentUseconquersduringsextoreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionGettestedforHIVregularlytoknowyourstatusandtakenecessaryprecautions01020304AvoidingExposuretoHIVUseconsistentlyandcorrectlyduringsexualactivityAvoidsexwithsomeonewhoisaffectedwithHIVorwhosestatusisunknownLimitthenumberofindividualpartnerstoreducetheriskofexposureGettestedforsequentiallytransmittedinfections(STIs)regularlyandtreatthempromptlySafeSexPractices輸入標(biāo)題02010403NeedleExchangeProgramsParticipateinneedexchangeprogramstoreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionamonginjectiondrugusersTheseprogramshavebeenshowntobeeffectiveinreducingthespreadofHIVwithoutincreasingdruguseNeedexchangeprogramsalsoofferreferralservicesfordrugtreatmentandotherhealthandsocialservicesTheseprogramsprovidesterileneedsandsymmetriesinexchangeforusedones,reducingthespreadofHIVandotherbloodborneinfections05SocialandPsychologicalAspectsofAIDSNegativestereotypesPeoplewithHIV/AIDSoftenfacenegativestereotypesandassessmentsabouttheircharacters,behavior,andlifestyleDiscriminationinEmploymentandEducationManypeoplewithHIV/AIDSexperiencediscriminationintheworkplaceandeducationalsettings,limitingtheiropportunitiesforemploymentandadvancementSocialIsolationThefearofsigmaanddiscriminationcanleadpeoplewithHIV/AIDStowithdrawfromsocialactivitiesandrelationships,resultinginsocialisolationandlonelinessStigmaandDiscriminationAgainstPeoplewithHIV/AIDSPsychologicalImpactonIndividualsandFamiliesParentswithHIV/AIDSmayfaceadditionalchallengesincaringfortheirchildren,includingmanagingtheirownhealthwhilemeetingtheneedsoftheirfamilyParentingChallengesAdiagnosisofHIV/AIDScancauseintensiveemotionalstress,includingfear,anxiety,depression,andguidanceEmotionalDistressHIV/AIDScanstrainfamilyrelationshipsasfamilymembersstruggletoscopewiththeemotionalandpracticalimplicationsofthediseaseImpactonFamilyRelationships010203SupportGroupsSupportgroupsprovideasafeandsupportiveenvironmentwherepeoplewithHIV/AIDScansharetheirexperiences,experiences,andchallengeswithotherswhounderstandwhattheyaregoingthroughCounselingServicesCounselingservicescanhelpindividualsandfamiliesscopewiththeemotionalandpsychologicalimpactofHIV/AIDS,providingguidanceandsupportduringthisdifficulttimeBenefitsofSupportandCounselingParticipatinginsupportgroupsandcateringservicescanhelpreducebenefitsofisolationandloneliness,improveemotionalwell-being,andenhancequalityoflifeforpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSSupportGroupsandCounselingServices06SocialResponsibilityinFightingAgainstAIDSImplementingcomprehensiveAIDSpreventionandcontrolprogramsEnforcinglawsand