2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)1Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandThinking含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1PeopleofAchievement閱讀理解ATuYouyouhasbecomethefirstChinesewomantowinaNobelPrize,forherworkinhelpingtocreateananti-malaria(瘧疾)medicine.The84-year-old'sroutetothehonourhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.InChina,sheisbeingcalledthe“threenos”winner:nomedicaldegree,nodoctorate,andshe'sneverworkedoverseas.In1967,malaria,athendeadlydisease,spreadbymosquitoeswasdecimatingChinesesoldiersfightingAmericansinthejunglesofnorthernVietnam.Asecretresearchunit“Mission523”wasformedtofindacurefortheillness.Twoyearslater,TuYouyouwasinstructedtobecomethenewheadof“Mission523”．“Mission523”readancientbookscarefullyforalongtimetofindhistoricalmethodsoffightingmalaria.Whenshestartedhersearchforananti-malarialdrug,morethan240,000compounds(化合物)aroundtheworldhadalreadybeentested,withoutanysuccess.Finally,theteamfoundabriefreferencetoonesubstance,sweetwormwood(青蒿),whichhadbeenusedtotreatmalariainChinaaround400AD.Theteamtookoutoneactivecompoundinwormwood,andthentestedit.ButnothingwaseffectiveuntilTuYouyoureturnedtotheoriginalancienttext.Afteranothercarefulreading,shechangedthedrugrecipeonefinaltime,heatingthecompoundwithoutallowingittoreachboilingpoint.Afterthedrugshowedpromisingresultsinmiceandmonkeys,TuYouyouvolunteeredtobethefirsthumanrecipientofthenewdrug.Inanycase,TuYouyouisconsistentlypraisedforherdriveandpassion.Oneformercolleague,LiandaLi,saysMsTuis“unsociableandquitestraightforward”，addingthat“ifshedisagreeswithsomething,shewillsayit.”Anothercolleague,FumingLiao,whohasworkedwithTuYouyouformorethan40years,describesherasa“toughandstubbornwoman”.Stubbornenoughtospenddecadespiecingtogetherancienttexts,sheappliesthemtomodernscientificpractices.Theresulthassavedmillionsoflives.這是一篇記敘文。介紹了中國(guó)第一個(gè)諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者屠呦呦，并講解并描述了她利用青蒿素治療瘧疾的探討過(guò)程以及同事對(duì)她的評(píng)價(jià)。1．AccordingtoPara.1,wecanlearnthat________.A．TuisthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizeB．TuhasamedicaldegreeC．Tu'sroadtosuccessisnottraditionalD．Tudiscoveredacureformalaria答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段The84-year-old'sroutetothehonourhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.可知，屠呦呦的勝利之路與傳統(tǒng)的勝利之路完全不同。故C選項(xiàng)正確。2.Theunderlinedword“decimating”inParagraph2canbereplacedby________.A．encouraging B．killingC．a(chǎn)nnoying D．benefiting答案：B解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。由其次段In1967,malaria,athendeadlydisease,spreadbymosquitoeswasdecimatingChinesesoldiersfightingAmericansinthejunglesofnorthernVietnam.可知，瘧疾是一種致命的疾病，正在殺死在越南北部叢林中同美國(guó)作戰(zhàn)的中國(guó)士兵。故B選項(xiàng)正確。3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Tufirstinventedtheideaofusingsweetwormwoodasacure.B．TuwasinspiredbymedicaltextbookspublishedinnorthernVietnam.C．Thecompoundneedstobeheatedtotheboilingpointtobeeffective.D．Over240,000compoundswereprovedineffectivebeforeTu'ssearch.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段Whenshestartedhersearchforananti-malarialdrug,morethan240,000compounds(化合物)aroundtheworldhadalreadybeentested,withoutanysuccess.可知，當(dāng)她起先找尋抗瘧疾藥物時(shí)，世界各地已經(jīng)有24萬(wàn)多種化合物已經(jīng)被測(cè)試，但沒(méi)有勝利。故D選項(xiàng)正確。4．TuYouyoucanbebestdescribedasa________person.A．devotedandstubborn B．straightforwardandmeanC．considerateandtough D．sociableandgenerous答案：A解析：推理推斷題。由第三段Afteranothercarefulreading,shechangedthedrugrecipeonefinaltime,heatingthecompoundwithoutallowingittoreachboilingpoint.以及最終一段Stubbornenoughtospenddecadespiecingtogetherancienttexts,sheappliesthemtomodernscientificpractices.可知，屠呦呦是執(zhí)著的且將自己投身于醫(yī)學(xué)探討的人。故A選項(xiàng)正確。BBeingblindistoughinanycase.ButthingswereevenharderforSrikanthBollawhowasborninasmallvillageinIndia,wherethecommonbeliefwasthatkidswithdisabilitieswere“ofnouse”andtherefore,betteroffdead.Fortunately,Srikanth'sparentslovedtheirsonandrefusedtogivehimup.Instead,theyencouragedtheblindboytodreambigandreachforthestar.Srikanthdidnotdisappointhisparents.Thenowtwenty-four-year-oldisthefounderCEOofBollantIndustries.Ofcourse,gellingherewasnoteasy.BeingbothblindandpoormeantthatSrikanthhadtofacehardchallenges.Asayoungboy,Srikanthattendedaregularschoolnearhishome.Unfortunately，thestudentsandteachersdidn'tquitelikehimbecauseofhisdisability.Asaresult,theyoungboywaslargelyignoredandoftenspenttheentiredayalone.ConcernedthiswouldholdbackSrikanth'sdevelopment,hisfamilydecidedtosendhimtoaspecialschoolinHyderabad.Sureenough,theyoungboysoonrosetothetopofhisclass,earningawardsinspeechanddebatecompetitions.ButSrikanthwaspreventedfromstudyingscienceswhenhereached10thgrade,becauseitwasthoughttoo“dangerous”forablindstudent.Notonetogiveup,Srikanthtooklegalactionandbecamethefirstblindstudentinthecountryallowedtostudysciences.Later,aftergraduatingfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,SrikanthsetupBollantIndustriesin2012.Forjustfouryears,ithasbecomeapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.Beingdisableddoesn'tmeanbeingunable.“Iftheworldlooksatmeandsays，‘Srikanth,youcandonothing’，IwilllookbackattheworldandsayIcandoanything.”theyoungmansays.本文講解并描述了一誕生就雙目失明的SrikanthBolla，在父母的細(xì)心撫育下面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，創(chuàng)建了自己的公司，為家鄉(xiāng)的殘疾人供應(yīng)了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。1．WhywasSrikanthsenttoaspecialschool?A．Hisparentsbecamericherthanbefore.B．Hecouldbetreatedequallythere.C．Thisschoolwasfreefordisabledstudents.D．Hewassentawaybytheregularschool.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段句子：Unfortunately,thestudentsandteachersdidn'tquitelikehimbecauseofhisdisability.Asaresult,theyoungboywaslargelyignoredandoftenspenttheentiredayalone.在正規(guī)學(xué)校里，因?yàn)樗臍埣材抢锏睦蠋熀蛯W(xué)生不怎么喜愛(ài)他。結(jié)果，這個(gè)年輕的男孩基本上被忽視，常常一個(gè)人。所以父母確定送他去一所特別的學(xué)校。故選B。2．WhatcanweknowaboutSrikanthfromthetext?A．Hewasborninapoorvillage.B．Hecaredaboutdisabledpeople.C．Hisparentswerestrictwithhiminhisstudy.D．Hewaslovedbythevillagerswhenhewasyoung.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段句子：Forjustfouryears,ithasbecomeapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.僅僅四年時(shí)間，它已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)擁有450多名員工的大公司，其中70%的員工身體殘疾。從雇傭的工人來(lái)看可見(jiàn)他很關(guān)切殘疾人，給他們就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)。所以選B。3．WhatwordscanbestdescribeSrikanth?A．Intelligentanddetermined. B．Activeandhonest.C．Patientandcareful. D．Kindbutstubborn.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的句子：Sur