雅思小作文餅狀圖與描寫比例

雅思A類寫作TASK1第三講餅狀圖與比例描寫餅狀圖呈現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)整體中各部分的關(guān)系，它的數(shù)據(jù)一般都以百分比為單位。當(dāng)只有一個(gè)餅狀圖時(shí)，可視其為靜態(tài)餅狀圖。當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的餅狀圖時(shí)，如果是以時(shí)間為線索，就稱為動(dòng)態(tài)餅狀圖。餅狀圖的描述重點(diǎn)是對(duì)整體內(nèi)各個(gè)部分進(jìn)行比較，找出其中的數(shù)量關(guān)系，把數(shù)據(jù)按照從高到低排序.描述比例的常用數(shù)詞表達(dá)法數(shù)詞26percent33percent48percent75percent替換表達(dá)Aboutoneinfour;JustoveraquarterOne-thirdAroundoneinthreeAlmostahalf;Nearlyahalf;JustunderonehalfThreefourths;Threeoutoffour;Exactlythreequarters描述大小比例的常用詞替換ProportionCollocationVerybigThevastmajority;theoverwhelmingmajorityVerybigusedbeforenumbersAmassive93percent=ahefty93percentVerysmallAtinyminority;asmallfractionVerysmallusedbeforenumbersAmeretwelvepercent=amodesttwelvepercent3.描寫倍數(shù)關(guān)系的表達(dá)法及例子ExpressionsExamplesDouble/triple/quadrupleTheprofitofCompanyAdoubledfromMarchtoMayAxxfoldincreaseinIncrease/decreasexxxfoldsThegraphshowsathree-foldincreaseinxxxTheprofitofCompanyAincreasedthreefoldsfromMarchtoMayXxxtimesthisamount/number/figure/quantityThesalesofthecarsoaredtoover4timesthisamountin1995AsasSchoolAhasasmanystudentsasSchoolB描寫比例的詞匯及句型范例ItemsSentencepatternsExampleOccupy,represent,accountfor,constituteAoccupiedxxx%Theelderlypeopleoccupied23%inthetotalpopulationin1990.Rate,proportion,percentageTherate/proportionof...was..In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65stoodatonly5%inJapanPercent%..xxxpercent=xx%Thepercentageofelderlypeopleinallthreecountriesisexpectedtoincreasetoalmost25%相同與相異的表達(dá)方法AisofthesamewithBin...AissimilartoB/isidenticalwithBintheaspectof...AissimilartoB/AandBresembleeachotherin...AshowedgreatresemblanceinBintheaspectof..AdifferfromBinseveralaspects...AisdifferentfromBin...AcanbedistinguishedfromBby...A,asdistinctfromB,hasAhas,ascomparedwithBInspiteoftheirsimilarities/differenceSample1Thepiechartsbelowillustratethenumberofjournalarticlesreadperweekbyallstudents,PHDstudents,andjuniorlecturersatanAustralianuniversity.AthatBrespectivelyCforexampleDhowEbutFwhichGmeanwhileHwhereasIandJwhoThethreechartsillustrate______manyarticlesfromacademicjournalsarereadweeklybyPHDstudents_______juniorlecturerscomparedtootherstudentsatanAustralianuniversity._________theoverwhelmingmajorityofthosestudyingdoctoratesreadatleasttwelvearticlesperweekincomparisonwiththeaveragestudent.Thefigureswere80percentandtwelvepercent________.Furthermore,onlyfivepercentofPHDlevelstudentsreadbetweenoneandfivearticles,__________theaverageforallstudentsinthiscategoryisahefty67%.______,forjuniorlecturersthepatternappearstobeslightlydifferent.Mostreadsixormorearticlesperweek(99%),______outofthistotal24percentreadtwelveormore,______isalmostathirdofthecorrespondingfigureforPHDlevelstudents.Itisclear______thosestudents_____areresearchingforaPHDreadmorearticlesthantitherjuniorlecturersorotherstudents.Sample2:AstoodatBariseofClostgroundtoDmadebyErespectivelyFattheexpenseofGthatofHonwhetherIasopposedtoJcapturedKexceededThepiechartsshowthemarketshareofwashingmachines_____fourcompaniesovertheperiod1990to2000andtheresultsofasurvey______customerswouldconsiderbuyingthenewSanyowashingmachinesoverthesameperiod.DuringthefirstyearofsalesofthenewSanyomachinein1990,itsmarketshare______twopercent_______60percentforthePanasonicproduct,m20percentfortheHaierwashingmachinesand18for_______Samsung.In1995,however,PanasonicLtd.______itsthreeothercompetitors.WhileHaierLtdandSamsungLtdbothincreasedtheirmarketsharebyonepercentagepointeachin1995,SanyoLtd______8%ofthemarket,______300%.In2000,Sanyo’smarketsharehadincreasedto31%______itsthreemaincompetitorswithPanasonicLtd,SamsungandHaierLtdfallingto39percent,17percentand12percent_______.ThebarchartshowsthatSanyomachine________itspopularityratingineachyear,risingfrom5in1990to40intheyear2000.ItisclearfromthedatathatsalesoftheSanyowashingmachinewereontheincreaseovertheperiod.Sample3:Thispiechartshowsthedistributionoftheworldpopulationin2000.in2000,thepercentageofpeopleinAsia________(standat)52%.The______(high)proportionwentto_______(Asian)with52%oftheworldtotalpopulation.Next______(come)Africaat11%.Asiahadnearly_______(fourth)timesmorepopulationthanEurope.ThepopulationofAsiawas_______(large)thanthe_____(combine)populationofalltheotherregions.TheproportionofAsiawasmorethan______(fourth)timesgreaterthanthatofEurope.ThepopulationofEuropewaslessthan_______(afive)ofthatofAsia.ThepercentagesofEuropeandMiddleEastwere____the(same)ThepopulationpercentageofEuropewasalmost_______(identically)tothatofAfrica.Therewasasignificant______(differ)inpopulationpercentagesbetweenAsiaandtheotherregions.Task1Task2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.ThetwographsshowthemainsourcesofenergyintheUSAinthe1980sandthe1990s.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingthechangeswhichoccurred.Writeatleast150words.Task3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Task4ThesepiechartsshowJapan’spopulationdistributionbyageinthethreeyearsof2000,2005and2010.Task1ThechartscomparethesourcesofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyears1980and2000.Betweentheseyears,electricityproductionalmostdoubled,risingfrom100unitsto170inAustralia,andfrom90to180unitsinFrance.In1980Australiausedcoalasthemainelectricitysource(50units)andtheremainderwasproducedfromnaturalgas,hydropower(eachproducing20units)andoil(whichproducedonly10units).By2000,coalhadbecomethefuelformorethan75%ofelectricityproducedandonlyhydrocontinuedtobeanothersignificantsourcesupplyingapproximately20%.Incontrast,Franceusedcoalasasourceforonly25unitsofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydrocontributingonly5units.Butby2000,nuclearpower,whichwasnotusedatallinAustralia,haddevelopedintothemainsource,producingalmost75%ofelectricity,at126units,whilecoalandoiltogetherproducedonly50units.Othersourceswerenolongersignificant.

Overall,itisclearthatby2000thesetwocountriesreliedondifferentprincipalfuelsources:AustraliareliedoncoalandFranceonnuclearpower.Task2ThetwographsshowthatoilwasthemajorenergysourceintheUSAinboth1980and1990andthatcoal,naturalgasandhydroelectricpowerremainedinmuchthesameproportions.Ontheotherhand,therewasadramaticriseinnuclearpower,whichdoubleditspercentageoverthetenyears.Oilsuppliedthelargestpercentageofenergy,althoughthepercentagedecreasedfrom42%in1980to33%in1990.Coalin1990wasthesecondlargestsourceofenergy,increasingitsproportionto27%from22%inthepreviousdecade.Naturalgas,thesecondlargestsourcein1980at26%,decreaseditsshareveryslightlytoprovide25%ofAmerica'senergytenyearslater.Therewasnochangeinthepercentagesuppliedbyhydroelectricpowerwhichremainedat5%ofthetotalenergyused.Nuclearpowerthegreatestchange:in1990itwas10%,twicethatofthe1980s.Task3Inthisanalysiswewillexaminethreepiecharts.Thefirstoneisheaded'WorldSpending.'Thesecondis'WorldPopulation'andthethirdis'ConsumptionofResources.'Inthefirstchartwecanseethatpeoplespendmostoftheirincome(24%)onfood.Insomecountriesthispercentagewouldobviouslybemuchhigher.Transportandthenhousingarethenextmajorexpensesat18%and12%respectively.Only6%ofincomeisspentonclothing.Inthesecondchartentitled'WorldPopulation',itisnotsurprisingtofindthat57%ofpeopleliveinAsia.InfactChinaandIndiaaretwoofthemostpopulatedcountriesintheworldandtheyarebothsituatedonthiscontinent.EuropeandtheAmericansaccountfornearly30%ofthetotal,whilst10%ofpeopleliveinAfrica.Finally,thethirdchartrevealsthattheUSAandEuropeconsumeahuge60%oftheworld'sresource.Tosumup,themajorexpenditureisonfood,thepopulationfiguresarethehighestforAsiaandthemajorconsumersaretheUSAandEurope.Task4Th