2021新譯林版高中英語選擇性必修二單元詞匯詳解(unit4)

牛津英語單元詞匯詳解選擇性必修二Unit4LivingwithtechnologyWordlistsSupportivesentences1.castle/?kɑ?sl/n.城堡(44)(build)castlesintheair（建）空中樓閣，幻想，空想(44)【原句背誦】Howcoolthatwouldbe!Itmayseemlikebuildingcastlesintheair,butgiventherateatwhichartificialintelligence,orAI,isbeingdeveloped,inthefuturesuchdreamsmayactuallycometrue.2.input/??np?t/n.輸入的信息；投入vt.(input,input)輸入（信息） (44)【原句背誦】OneoftheessentialaimsofAIistodevelopcomputerintelligencecapableoflearningfromexperience,adjustingtonewinputsandperformingtaskslikehumans.【拓展】input(into/tosth)/(ofsth)投入資源（指時間、知識、思想等）；投入；輸入toinputtext/data/figures把文本╱數(shù)據(jù)╱數(shù)字輸【反義詞】outputn.輸出，輸出量；產(chǎn)量；出產(chǎn)vt.輸出【誤區(qū)】input的現(xiàn)在分詞是inputting，過去式input或inputted，過去分詞input或inputted。It’suptotheteachertoprovideavarietyoftypesofinputintheclassroom.教師負(fù)責(zé)在課堂上提供各種各樣的信息資源。Therehasbeenabiginputofresourcesintotheprojectfromindustry.工業(yè)界對這個項(xiàng)目投入了大量資源。Herspecialistinputtothediscussionshasbeenveryuseful.她在這些討論中提供的專家建議很有助益。Thecomputeractsasawordprocessorwherethetextofaspeechcanbeinputatanytime.計(jì)算機(jī)起著文字處理器的作用，一篇講話的文本可隨時輸入。3.capacity/k??p?s?ti/n.領(lǐng)悟（或理解、辦事）能力；容量，容積；職位，職責(zé)；生產(chǎn)量(44)4.analyse/??n?la?z/vt.(AmEanalyze)分析(44)5.massive/?m?s?v/adj.巨大的，大而重的；非常嚴(yán)重的(44)6.network/?netw??k/n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)，網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)；關(guān)系網(wǎng)，人際網(wǎng)；（互聯(lián)）網(wǎng)絡(luò)(44)【原句背誦】Deep-learningAIhasthecapacitytoanalysemassiveamountsofdatathroughmultiplelayers,imitatingthecomplexnetworksofthehumanbrain.【拓展】acapacity(forsth/fordoingsth)/(todosth)領(lǐng)悟（或理解、辦事）能力analysisn.分析；分解；驗(yàn)定（復(fù)數(shù)形式analyses）makeananalysisof分析……analystn.分析者；分解者；精神分析醫(yī)師analyticaladj.分析的；分解的Shehasanenormouscapacityforhardwork.她特別能吃苦耐勞。Limitedresourcesarerestrictingourcapacityfordevelopingnewproducts.有限的資源正制約著我們開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力。Thenewly-completedstadiuminWuhanhasaseatingcapacityof80,000.武漢新建成的體育場能容納80,000名觀眾。McCarthywasaskedtoanalysethedatafromthefirstphaseoftrialsofthevaccine.麥卡西被要求分析從這種疫苗試驗(yàn)的第一階段取得的數(shù)據(jù)。Thepatientsufferedamassiveheartattack.病人嚴(yán)重心臟病發(fā)作了。JanetJackson’snewalbumhasbeenheralded（宣布；公告）byamassivemediacampaign.珍妮特·杰克遜的新唱片已在媒體上進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的宣傳?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.對于世界上最大的體育場，我們使用了迄今為止世界地圖集列表提供的數(shù)據(jù)，該列表根據(jù)體育場聲明的永久容量以及來自體育場官方網(wǎng)站的最新信息，給它們進(jìn)行排名。（2015江蘇卷）AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:“Thecapacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”著名的美國人詹姆斯·麥迪遜曾提到：“人類自治的能力?！保?013天津卷）Mydefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.我對幸福的定義是“享受的能力”。（2014江西卷）Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而，我們決不能犯錯誤，只從一個角度分析進(jìn)展的情況。（2012）陜西卷）Forinstance,areportthatanalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.例如，一份分析了近20年主要轉(zhuǎn)基因食品作物研究的報告顯示，轉(zhuǎn)基因工程未能顯著提高美國作物產(chǎn)量。（2021全國乙卷）Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，督促觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系。7.coin/k??n/vt.創(chuàng)造（新詞語）(44)【原句背誦】Yearsbeforetheterm“artificialintelligence”wascoinedinthemid-1950s,thetheoryhadbeenexploredbyAlanTuring,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputerscience.JaronLaniercoinedtheterm"virtualreality"andpioneereditsearlydevelopment.加隆·雷尼爾首創(chuàng)“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)”一詞，并率先進(jìn)行早期開發(fā)。Theterm‘cardboardcity’wascoinedtodescribecommunitiesofhomelesspeoplelivingincardboardboxes.人們創(chuàng)造了cardboardcity一詞，用來指居住在紙板棚屋里無家可歸者的居住區(qū)。8.breakthrough/?bre?kθru?/n.重大進(jìn)展，突破adj.突破性的(45)【原句背誦】However,foralongtime,AItechnologydevelopedveryslowly.AmajorbreakthroughinAIcamein1997,whenDeepBlue,achess-playingcomputer,beattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparov.【拓展】tomake/achieveabreakthrough作出╱取得突破性進(jìn)展asignificantbreakthroughinnegotiations談判中的重大突破amajorbreakthroughincancerresearch癌癥研究中的重要突破TheHuaweiCompanylookspoised（鎮(zhèn)定的）tomakeasignificantbreakthroughin5G-techinChina.在中國，華為公司一定會在5G技術(shù)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)一次重大突破。Scientistsareclaimingamajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.科學(xué)家們宣稱攻克癌癥已有重大的突破。Notlongafterthat,Perkinmadethescientificbreakthroughthatwouldbringhimbothfameandfortune.在那之后不久，Perkin取得了科學(xué)上的突破，這給他帶來了名聲和財(cái)富。Chinahasmadeabreakthroughinhybridrice,whichcangrowashighas2meters.中國在雜交水稻上取得了突破，這種水稻可以長到2米高。【鏈接高考】（2011天津卷）ItturnedouttobearealbreakthroughforsolvingthemathematicalproblemIwasworkingon.這對解決我正在研究的數(shù)學(xué)問題來說是一個真正的突破。9.finance/?fa?n?ns;fa??n?ns/n.財(cái)政，金融；資金；財(cái)力，財(cái)務(wù)管理vt.提供資金(45)10.tonamebutafew（表示列舉）等等(45)【原句背誦】Nowadays,AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields:finance,healthcare,naturallanguageprocessingandart,tonamebutafew.【拓展】financialadj.金融的；財(cái)政的，財(cái)務(wù)的financiern.金融家，理財(cái)家，財(cái)政家；投資家，（為項(xiàng)目或企業(yè)）提供資金者Financeforeducationcomesfromtaxpayers.教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來自納稅人。Thereportrecommendsanoverhaulofpublicfinances.這份報告建議對公共財(cái)政進(jìn)行徹底檢查。Thefundhasbeenusedlargelytofinancetheconstructionofschoolsinremoteareas.該基金大部分已用于資助建造偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的學(xué)校。Activitiesavailableincludevolleyball,shootingandswimmingtonamebutafew.就舉幾個例子吧，所設(shè)的活動項(xiàng)目包括排球、射擊和游泳。Bees,batsandrodents,tonamebutafew,canseewhathumanscan’t-ultravioletlight.我們列舉幾種如蜜蜂，蝙蝠和嚙齒動物等，它們可以看到人類看不到的紫外線?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）Provide 68________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.【Key：financial】（2021浙江卷）Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.這部電影讓他進(jìn)入了職業(yè)生涯的后半段，他的喜劇表現(xiàn)就足以讓一部電影獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功，即使電影評論家不會給它很高的評價。（2011北京卷）Youwilldiscoverthatourfocushasbroadenedtoincludewell-researched,timelyandinformativearticlesonfinance,homeimprovement,travel,humor,andmanyotherfields.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展到包括金融、家居裝修、旅游、幽默和其他領(lǐng)域的深入研究、及時和翔實(shí)的文章。11.autonomous/???t?n?m?s/adj.自主的，有自主權(quán)的；自治的(45)12.domestic/d??mest?k/adj.家庭的，家用的；本國的，國內(nèi)的(45)【原句背誦】Fromautonomousvehiclestodomesticrobots,fromrecommendationsystemstocomputerswritingnovels,AIhasanunlimitednumberofapplications.【拓展】autonomousregion自治區(qū)autonomyn.自治，自治權(quán)autonomicadj.自主的；不受意志支配的autonomouslyadv.自治地；獨(dú)立自主地domesticaffairs/politics國內(nèi)事務(wù)╱政治domesticflights(=toandfromplaceswithinacountry)國內(nèi)航班GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值Theteachertreatedusasautonomousindividualswhohadtolearntomakeupourownmindsaboutissues.老師視我們?yōu)楠?dú)立個體，必須學(xué)會自主處理問題。GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionisboastedforitspicturesquescenery.廣西壯族自治區(qū)以風(fēng)景如畫而著稱。Outputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthedomesticmarket.產(chǎn)量包括出口和國內(nèi)市場銷售兩部分。Theirdomesticreformsdidnothingtosolvetheproblemofunemployment.他們的國內(nèi)改革沒有采取任何措施以解決失業(yè)問題?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020浙江卷）Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主權(quán)).相反，權(quán)威型的育兒方式包括以下一些特征：孩子們從父親那里感受到溫暖和愛；強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任和規(guī)則背后的原因，孩子們被給予適當(dāng)程度的自主權(quán)。（2016北京卷）Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.大學(xué)時代應(yīng)該是自主成長和成年身份發(fā)展的重要時期。13.threaten/?θretn/vt.危及，對…構(gòu)成威脅；威脅，恐嚇(45)【參考詞條38】【原句背誦】Wouldthinkingmachinesworkalongsidehumansorthreatentheexistenceofhumans?【拓展】threatn.威脅，恐嚇threatenedadj.受到威脅的;v.威脅（threaten的過去分詞）threateningadj.危險的；脅迫的；兇兆的;v.威脅；恐嚇；迫近（threaten的ing形式）【誤區(qū)】threatened表示“被動”意義，threatening表示“主動”意義。Humansalsothreatencarnivorousplantsinotherways.人類還以其他方式對食肉植物產(chǎn)生威脅。It’sneitheraliensnorararediseasethatwillthreatenthehumanraceinthefuture,butclimatechange.未來威脅人類的不是外星人，也不是罕見的疾病，而是氣候變化。Hewasthreatenedwithdismissalifhecontinuedtoturnuplateforwork.他受到警告，如果繼續(xù)上班遲到，就被辭退。Plasticspollutionisthreateningmarinelife.塑料污染正危及海洋生物?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?015陜西卷）Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威脅)humanlife.在全球的層面上，獲得陽光充足的咖啡田而破壞雨林也威脅到人類的生命。（2013天津卷）Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.動物的生存受到戶外照明的威脅。（2017江蘇卷）Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.由于全球變暖，那里的冰川消失，對農(nóng)業(yè)構(gòu)成巨大威脅。14.commit/k??m?t/vt.犯（罪）；承諾，保證；花（錢或時間）vi.全身心投入，忠于(45)15.crime/kra?m/n.罪，罪行；犯罪活動(45)16.murder/?m??d?(r)/vt.&n.謀殺，兇殺(45)【原句背誦】Howwouldtheybepunishediftheycommittedcrimesorevenmurderedhumans?【拓展】commitacrime做出（錯或非法的事）；犯（罪或錯等）commitmurderetc.犯兇殺罪等commitsb/oneself(tosth/todoingsth)承諾，保證（做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等）commitmentn.承諾，保證；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；獻(xiàn)身；花費(fèi)金錢、時間、人力等【誤區(qū)】在becommittedto中，to是介詞，其后要接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。Peoplewhocommitsuchcrimesaren’tnormal.犯這種罪的人心理不正常。Perhapstheprimereasonisthatdrugaddictsmaycommitcrimeswhentheyareinshortofmoney.或許最主要的原因是有毒癮的人在缺錢的時候可能會犯罪。Soonafter,sheknewshehadtomakeaboldmovetofullycommittohernewfuture.不久之后，她知道她必須做出大膽的舉動，以充分投入于她的新未來。ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.總統(tǒng)承諾要改革衛(wèi)生保健制度?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?017天津卷）Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.最尷尬的郵件錯誤通常是在憤怒時犯的。（2014江西卷）Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而，我們決不能犯錯誤，只從一個角度分析進(jìn)展的情況。（2011福建卷）Driverswhocausetrafficaccidents,orwhocommitamovingtrafficoffenceorarebeingsuspectedofdrinkdrivingwillbetested.造成交通事故、違反交通規(guī)則或涉嫌酒后駕駛的司機(jī)都將接受測試。17.urge/??d?/vt.敦促，催促；大力推薦，竭力主張；驅(qū)趕，鞭策n.沖動，強(qiáng)烈的欲望(45)18.pose/p??z/vt.造成，產(chǎn)生；提問，質(zhì)詢vi.擺好姿勢n.姿勢(45)【原句背誦】Aswebecomemoreandmoredependentoncomputers,somescientistsareurgingustothinkaboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.【拓展】urgesth(on/uponsb)大力推薦；竭力主張urgesbtodosth敦促某人做某事haveanurgetodosth做某事的欲望urgencyn.緊急；催促；緊急的事Thesituationisdangerous,andtheUNisurgingcaution.局勢岌岌可危，聯(lián)合國力主謹(jǐn)慎行事。TherepresentativesurgedCongresstoapproveplansfortheirreformprogramme.代表敦促國會批準(zhǔn)他們有關(guān)改革項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃。TomhadanurgetoopenashopofhisownontheInternet.湯姆很想開一家自己的網(wǎng)店。【鏈接高考】（2020天津卷）Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.總之，這些人類深層的欲望比野心更重要。（2012湖北卷）WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen’sDay.這份長達(dá)7頁的文件由索菲亞·杰克斯·布萊克于1873年撰寫，在昨天的國際婦女節(jié)當(dāng)天公布。文件敦促牛津大學(xué)允許女性在該機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)醫(yī)。（2016江蘇卷）Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.有幾個理由相信，幫助、告知和分享的沖動不是教出來的，而是小孩子天生具有的。（2016浙江卷）Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour＂juicystory＂mighthave.下次當(dāng)你想要傳播最新消息的時候，想想為什么你要八卦，你的“有趣的故事”可能會產(chǎn)生什么影響。19.apparently/??p?r?ntli/adv.顯然，可見(45)20.warning/?w??n??/n.警告，先兆；警戒(45)21.demand/d??mɑ?nd/vt.需要；強(qiáng)烈要求n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要(45)【原句背誦】Apparently,suchwarningsdemandourattention.【拓展】apparentadj.顯然的；明顯的；表面上的togivesbaverbal/written/finalwarning向某人發(fā)出口頭╱書面╱最后警告warnvt.警告，提醒；通知vi.發(fā)出警告，發(fā)出預(yù)告warnsbofsth警告某人某事ademandfor…需要……indemand非常需要的；受歡迎的tomeet/satisfytheircustomers’demands滿足客戶要求tomeetthedemandforaproduct滿足對某產(chǎn)品的需求supplyanddemand供求demandtodosth要求做某事demandsthof/fromsb要求某人某物demandthat…(should)dosth要求做某事【誤區(qū)1】不能用demandsbtodosth結(jié)構(gòu)。【誤區(qū)2】在demandthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞要使用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動詞原形，其中should可以省略。Themoviehasbeencriticizedforapparentlyadvocatingviolence.這部電影因明顯地宣揚(yáng)暴力而受到了指責(zé)。Doctorsissuedawarningagainsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.醫(yī)生發(fā)出警告不要吃在那條河里捕的魚。Thebridgecollapsedwithout(any)warning.那座橋在沒有任何先兆的情況下坍塌了。Shehadignoredthewarningsignsoftroubleahead.她沒有理會警示前方危險的標(biāo)志。Humanrightsgroupsaredemandinganinvestigationintotheshooting.人權(quán)組織正強(qiáng)烈要求對這一槍擊案進(jìn)行調(diào)查。Hesaidthetaskofreconstructionwoulddemandmuchpatience,hardwork,andsacrifice.他說重建工作會需要高度堅(jiān)韌、勤勞和奉獻(xiàn)。There’sanincreaseddemandfororganicproducethesedays.目前對有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有更大的需求。Theyaredemandingthatalltroops(should)bewithdrawn.他們強(qiáng)烈要求所有部隊(duì)撤離?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?018北京卷）14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.14小時后，這些薄膜損失了13%的質(zhì)量——顯然是被蠕蟲胃里的酶分解了。（2019天津卷）Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)建立了一個基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。（2016江蘇卷）ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.但是這樣的厄爾尼諾會提前幾個月預(yù)警出現(xiàn)，人們對其發(fā)生的原因已經(jīng)有了很多了解，政府可以做好準(zhǔn)備。（2012江西卷）Buthisfather’swarningonlyservedtomakeMarkmorecurious.但他父親的警告只會讓馬克更加好奇。（2020浙江卷）Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed.自適應(yīng)信號可以確保那里的交通需求得到解決。（2015四川卷）Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotionaldemandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.調(diào)查還詢問了母親們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，80%的母親認(rèn)為情感需求是做母親最困難的事情。（2018江蘇卷）Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.這些年輕人承認(rèn)，他們計(jì)劃出游，尋找可能的拍照機(jī)會，然后給朋友——朋友的朋友——發(fā)信息，要求他們對自己的網(wǎng)上帖子點(diǎn)贊。22.victim/?v?kt?m/n.受害者，犧牲品；受騙者；祭品(45)fallvictimto受傷，受損，被害(45)【原句背誦】WeneedtomakesurethatwewillnotfallvictimtoAI.Hewasavictimofracialprejudice.他是種族偏見的一個犧牲品。Shewastheinnocentvictimofatrafficaccident.她是一起交通肇事案的無辜受害者。Thevillagerswerethevictimsofacruelhoax（騙局）.村民成了一大騙局的上當(dāng)受騙者?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021新高考I卷）Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.準(zhǔn)確理解他人感受的能力可能被醫(yī)生用來找出如何最好地幫助她的病人，而騙子可能會利用這種能力來控制潛在的受害者。（2017江蘇卷）InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.在秘魯，在因氣候變化而受到影響的冰川山峰的周邊，當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民已經(jīng)開始把整個山峰刷成白色，希望增加的反射能恢復(fù)生命之冰。（2015全國卷I）Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle--longerworkinghours,afastfoodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.多年來，巴黎的咖啡館成了法國生活方式變化的犧牲品——工作時間延長、快餐熱潮以及年輕一代希望更多時間呆在家里。23.greedy/?ɡri?di/adj.貪心的，貪婪的(45)【原句】Wemaystillthinkitwouldbefantastictorelaxalldayandallowautonomousmachinestodoalltheworkforus—butperhapsweshouldnotbetoogreedyandratherbecarefulwhatwewishfor!【拓展】greedn.貪婪，貪心greedinessn.貪吃；貪欲；嘴饞begreedy(forsth)貪婪的；貪心的；貪吃的；渴望的greedilyadv.貪婪地；貪心地；貪食地【誤區(qū)】greedy的比較級和最高級是：greedier,greediest。Shestaredatthediamondswithgreedyeyes.她眼巴巴地盯著這些鉆石。Heattackedgreedybossesforawardingthemselvesbigraises.他攻擊那些貪婪的老板期望給自己大幅漲工資的。24.recognition/?rek?ɡ?n??n/n.識別，認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；贊譽(yù)，賞識(47)【原句背誦】Facialrecognitiontechnology,withitscapacityto(1)analyzeahugeamountofdata,hascomeintowidespreaduse.【拓展】tochange/alteretc.beyond/outofrecognition變得面目全非；滄海桑田toseekinternational/official/formalrecognitionasasovereignstate尋求國際上的╱官方╱正式的承認(rèn)一個主權(quán)國家recognizevt.認(rèn)出，識別；承認(rèn)；接受，認(rèn)可；贊賞vi.確認(rèn)，承認(rèn)；具結(jié)recognizableadj.可辨認(rèn)的；可認(rèn)識的；可承認(rèn)的Heglancedbrieflytowardsherbuttherewasnosignofrecognition.他瞥了她一眼，但似乎沒認(rèn)出她來。Thecompanyisdevelopingasystemoftheautomaticrecognitionofhandwritingandprintedtextbycomputer.公司正在研發(fā)計(jì)算機(jī)對手寫或印刷文本的自動識別系統(tǒng)。Thereisageneralrecognitionoftheurgentneedforreform.人們普遍認(rèn)識到迫切需要改革。Hereceivedtheawardinrecognitionofhissuccessoverthepastyear.他得到了獎勵，這是對他過去一年成績的肯定。ThetownhaschangedbeyondrecognitionsinceIwaslasthere.自從我上次離開這里以來，這座小鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)變得讓人認(rèn)不出來了?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?018江蘇卷）However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.然而，10到12歲年齡組的人“擔(dān)心有多少人喜歡他們的帖子”，這表明隨著年齡的增長，對社會認(rèn)可的“需求”變得越來越強(qiáng)烈。（2015北京卷）Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.每一所大學(xué)關(guān)于社區(qū)價值觀、社會風(fēng)氣和行為的討論，都應(yīng)該包括對學(xué)生自主和自律的發(fā)展重要性的認(rèn)識，以及對安全與自我發(fā)現(xiàn)之間必要的應(yīng)急關(guān)系的認(rèn)識。（2021全國乙卷）KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.科莫多國家公園于1980年被正式認(rèn)可，因其獨(dú)特的生物多樣性而深受生態(tài)旅游的歡迎。25.database/?de?t?be?s/n.數(shù)據(jù)庫(47)【原句背誦】Itworksbycomparingthefacialfeaturesofgivenimageswiththoseinadatabase.Thedatabasecouldbeusedasateachingresourceincolleges.數(shù)據(jù)庫可以用作大學(xué)里的一種教學(xué)輔助手段。26.alternative/??l?t??n?t?v/n.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的(47)【原句背誦】Itoffersaquickandcoolalternativetotraditionalpasswords,andyoucannotforgetyourownface!【拓展】analternativemethodofdoingsth做某事的其他方法alternativeenergy（theenergyfromthesun,wind,water,etc.)替代能源（指太陽能、風(fēng)能、水能等）havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth別無選擇Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.更安全的選擇是鍛煉，比如散步。WehadnoalternativebuttofireGibson.我們別無他法，只有辭退吉布森。Thereisavegetarianalternativeonthemenueveryday.每天的菜單上另有素食餐點(diǎn)。Therewerealternativemethodsoftravelavailable.有另外的旅行方式可采用?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?019江蘇卷）Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.我并不是說這些事情一定更重要，但許多捐助者在沒有認(rèn)真評估相對長期成本以及挪用資金產(chǎn)生利益情況下，就匆忙投入了一些花哨的項(xiàng)目。（2014重慶卷）Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:cornflour.但幸運(yùn)的是，還有另一種選擇：玉米粉。（2011北京卷）Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem,becauseweneedalternativeenergybadly.大型太陽能發(fā)電廠及其輸電線的影響也將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出它們在西部的定位。這并不是反對建設(shè)，因?yàn)槲覀兎浅Ｐ枰娲茉础?7.*hacker/?h?k?(r)/n.黑客(47)28.theft/θeft/n.偷竊，偷竊罪(47)【原句背誦】Intheory,(2)

networkswhichuseourownbodyaspasswordsshouldalsobesaferfromhackersandbetterprotectusfromidentitytheftthanthosethatusetraditionalpasswords,mainlybecauseeveryindividualisunique.【拓展】theftproofadj.防盜的thiefn.小偷；賊Policeareinvestigatingthetheftofcomputersfromthecompany'soffices.警方正在調(diào)查這家公司辦公室里的計(jì)算機(jī)失竊案。Overthelastdecade,autothefthasincreasedbyover56percent.過去的10年來汽車盜竊案上升了56％以上?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?019全國卷I）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.隨著數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，生物識別技術(shù)(如指紋掃描)的市場正在增長，這種技術(shù)可以讓其他人遠(yuǎn)離私人電子空間。然而，目前這些技術(shù)仍然很昂貴。29.breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入，撬開；突然開始（笑、唱等）；順利打入(47)【原句背誦】Moreover,thereisgrowingconcernthatwemight(6)fallvictimtothistechnology,astherearecasesinwhichhackershavebrokenintofacialrecognitionsystemsbyusingpeople’ssocialmediaphotostobuildmodelsoftheirfaces.【拓展】breakintopieces成為碎片breakintotears突然哭起來，放聲大哭breakintolaughter哄堂大笑;突然大笑breakthrough突破；突圍；有重要創(chuàng)見breakup打碎，破碎；結(jié)束；解散；衰落breakdown分解；發(fā)生故障；失?。粴У簦恢品reakoutv.爆發(fā)；突發(fā)breakin打斷；闖入；訓(xùn)練；使逐漸習(xí)慣breakaway脫離；放棄；逃跑breakawayfromvt.放棄；脫離……breakoff折斷；突然停止，暫停breakoutof擺脫（束縛等）；突破…breakupwith跟…分手；與…斷絕關(guān)系【誤區(qū)】breakinto后要接名詞；breakin不能接名詞；breakout后要接動詞-ing形式。breakintoabank闖入銀行breakintotears=breakoutcryingbreakintolaughter=breakoutlaughingThebestwaytobreakintoabusinessistooffernewproductsorprocesses.開辦公司切入市場最好的方法就是提供新的產(chǎn)品和新的工藝技能。Hearingthis,allofusincludingmyunclebreakintolaughter.聽到這里，我們所有的人，包括舅舅都忍不住大笑起來。Tomakethingsworse,whentwoobjectsinspacecrash,theybreakintomanysmallerpieces.更糟糕的是，當(dāng)兩個物體在太空中相撞時，它們會分裂成許多更小的碎片。Aftermonthsofsendingoutresumes,Tomfinallybreaksintotheworkingworld.經(jīng)過幾個月投遞簡歷，湯姆終于找到了工作。【鏈接高考】（2015安徽卷）Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.Thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces.為了展示這一點(diǎn)，她舉起一根筷子，代表一個人。然后她輕而易舉地把它掰成兩半。（2020天津卷）Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.歷史有可能打破這些界限，為我們提供對整個世界的洞察力，否則對我們來說是陌生的。（2018北京卷）ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.西班牙和英格蘭的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，大蠟蛾的蠕蟲可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。（2017全國卷I）Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.當(dāng)容器裝滿時，你可以通過管子把茶點(diǎn)吸出來，而不必每次需要喝水時都把蒸餾器打開。30.fail-safe/?fe?lse?f/adj.有自動保險裝置的，具有自動防止故障性能的(47)Scientistsandengineers(7)areurged/havebeenurgedtoimproveexistingtechnologyandmakeitfail-safe.Thecamerahasabuilt-infail-safedevicewhichpreventsitfromworkingiftherightsignalsaren'treceived.這部照相機(jī)內(nèi)部有故障保險裝置，可以令照相機(jī)在未接收到正確信號時無法運(yùn)行。31.*drone/dr??n/n.無人駕駛飛機(jī)(48)【原句背誦】Goodmorning!TodayI’llbespeakingtoyouaboutUnmannedAerialVehicles,commonlyknownasdrones.Flyingaroundontheirown,droneshavealreadybeenusedforphotography,scientificresearchandmilitaryoperations.Theywillcomeintowideruseinvariousfieldsinthenearfuture.32.distribution/?d?str??bju??n/n.分發(fā)，分送；分配，分布(48)【原句背誦】Atthemoment,deliverydronesaremainlyusedformilitaryactionordisasterrelief,likethedistributionofmedicinesduringemergencies,especiallytoplacesthatarehardtoreachbyothermeansoftransport.【拓展】distributioncosts經(jīng)銷成本theunfairdistributionofwealth財(cái)富分配不公thedistributionoffoodandmedicinestothefloodvictims向遭受洪災(zāi)的災(zāi)民分發(fā)食品和藥物【拓展】distributevt.分配；散布；分開；把…分類distributesthto…把……分配給……distributedadj.分布式的，分散式的distributern.分銷商；分配器Themapshowsthedistributionofthisspeciesacrosstheworld.地圖上標(biāo)明了這一物種在全世界的分布情況。TheresearchersarestudyingthegeographicaldistributionofCOVID-19viruses.科研人員正在研究新冠病毒的地域分布情況。Thedistributionofresourcesisunbalancedbetweenruralandurbanschools.農(nóng)村學(xué)校與城市學(xué)校的資源分配不平衡?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?018全國卷I）Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.目前，世界上大約有6800種語言。這些語言的分布極不均勻。（2011陜西卷）Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.與此同時，《世界饑餓：十二個神話》一書的作者認(rèn)為，世界上實(shí)際上有足量的食物，饑餓危機(jī)不是由生產(chǎn)造成的，而是由糧食分配和政治問題造成的。33.predict/pr??d?kt/vt.預(yù)言，預(yù)告(48)【原句背誦】Itcanbepredictedthatbeforelongpeoplewillbeusingdronestodeliverdailysupplieslikefoodanddrink.【拓展】areliablemethodofpredictingearthquakes預(yù)報地震的可靠方法predictionn.預(yù)報；預(yù)言predictableadj.可預(yù)言的predictiveadj.預(yù)言性的；成為前兆的unpredictableadj.不可預(yù)知的；不定的；出乎預(yù)料的Itisimpossibletopredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.預(yù)知未來的事是不可能的。Thelatestopinionpollsarepredictingaveryclosecontest.最新的民意測驗(yàn)預(yù)言一場勢均力敵的競賽。Weatherforecastspredictmorehotweather,gustywinds,andlightningstrikes.氣象預(yù)報預(yù)測將有更多炎熱、大風(fēng)，和雷電天氣。Itwaspredictedthatpricesforrealestatewouldcontinuetofall.據(jù)預(yù)報，房地產(chǎn)價格將繼續(xù)下降?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?018天津卷）Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.喚醒感官的第一步是在它發(fā)生之前不要預(yù)測我們將要看到和感覺到什么。（2018北京卷）It'shardtopredictwhendriver-lesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.很難預(yù)測無人駕駛汽車什么時候會遍地出現(xiàn)。（2013福建卷）Expertspredictthat2012SilverEaglesmaybreakthem(records)alloveragain.專家預(yù)測，2012年銀鷹可能會再次打破它們（記錄）。（2012四川卷）Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(預(yù)測)inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.為了應(yīng)對氣候變化，植物開花的速度比科學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)的要快，這可能對食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生長期的破壞性影響。34.decrease/d??kri?s/vt.&vi.減少，降低/?di?kri?s/n.減少，降低(48)【原句背誦】Justenteradestination,andthedroneswillflythepassengerswheretheywanttogo.Thiscouldnotonlysavetime,butalsogreatlydecreaseroadtraffic.【拓展】onthedecrease在減少中decreaseby減少了…decreaseto減少到【同義詞】reducevt.減少；降低；使處于；把…分解vi.減少；縮??；歸納為reductionn.減少；下降；縮小；還原反應(yīng)declinen.下降；衰退；斜面vi.下降；衰落；謝絕vt.謝絕；婉拒【反義詞】increasev.增加；增大；提高；增強(qiáng)n.增加；增多；增長Populationgrowthisdecreasingby1.4%eachyear,sothecountryisstronglyadvocatingathird-childpolicy.人口增長率每年下降1.4%，因此國家大力提倡第三胎政策。Adecreaseinface-to-facesocialcontactcanbringaboutdepression.面對面社交接觸的減少會導(dǎo)致抑郁。InSpainandPortugaltherehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofyoungpeopleoutofwork.在西班牙和葡萄牙，失業(yè)青年人數(shù)已經(jīng)有所下降。Thenumberofpoormenisonthedecreaseastheeconomyisgrowing.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，貧困人口數(shù)量正在減少?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?017江蘇卷）Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.因此，即使排放量今天開始減少，我們?nèi)匀幻媾R著適應(yīng)氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)。（2017江蘇卷）WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.當(dāng)西班牙整體迅速升溫時，溫室附近的溫度卻下降了。35.deny/d??na?/vt.否認(rèn)，否定；拒絕承認(rèn)，拒絕接受(48)【原句背誦】Therecanbenodenyingthatthetechnologywillhaveahugeimpactoneverydaylife.【拓展】denysth(tosb)/deny(sb)(sth)拒絕；拒絕給予todenyaclaim/acharge/anaccusation否認(rèn)某種說法╱指控╱指責(zé)Thereisnodenying(thefact)that….不可否認(rèn)……?！就x詞】refusev.拒絕，回絕；拒絕給，拒絕接受declinevt.謝絕；婉拒【誤區(qū)】表示“拒絕做某事”，要用denydoingsth；也可以使用refuse/declinetodosth。Thewomendriverdeniedallknowledgeoftheaccident.女司機(jī)矢口否認(rèn)知曉事故的情況。Thedepartmentdeniesresponsibilityforwhatoccurred.這個部門拒絕為所發(fā)生的事承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Theyweredeniedaccesstotheinformation.他們試圖取得這個情報被拒。Accesstotheinformationwasdeniedtothem.他們無法得到這個情報。Itcan'tbedeniedthatweneedtodevotemoreresourcestothisproblem.無可否認(rèn)，我們必須投入更多的資源來解決這個問題。There'snodenying(thefact)thatquickeractioncouldhavesavedthem.無可否認(rèn)，如果行動快一點(diǎn)，本來是救得了他們的?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?015重慶卷）Lookingbackonyourday,youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebackSafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild.回顧過去，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難否認(rèn)馬背上的狩獵之旅就像你回應(yīng)大自然的呼喚一樣近。36.quantity/?kw?nt?ti/n.數(shù)量；大量(49)inlargequantities大量，大批(49)【原句背誦】Takeairtrafficforexample.Whenpassengerdronesareflyingaboveourcitiesinlargequantities,thesky(2)willbegettingmoreandmorecrowded.Asaresult,theyaremorelikelytocrashintoeachother.【拓展】alarge/smallquantityofsth大量╱小量的…enormous/vast/hugequantitiesoffood大量的食物inquantity大量agreatquantityof（接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）大量quantitiesof許多……qualityandquantity質(zhì)量和數(shù)量【誤區(qū)1】當(dāng)a(large/great/small)quantityof修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但是當(dāng)其修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)quantitiesof修飾名詞（不論可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)）時，謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)?！菊`區(qū)2】thequantityof修飾名詞（不論可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)）時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thepolicefoundaquantityofdrugsathishome.警察在他家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量毒品。It'scheapertobuygoodsinquantity.大宗購物比較便宜。Iwasoverwhelmed