2025年高考英語外刊時文閱讀訓練專題30瞬間劇烈運動可改善認知功能(學生版+解析)

高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓練專題30瞬間劇烈運動可改善認知功能Ⅰ.文章話題導入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強化訓練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導語】加州大學圣巴巴拉分校的一項研究回顧了關于急性體育活動如何影響年輕人認知的運動研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，HIIH和騎自行車等短時間、高強度的鍛煉顯著提高了記憶力、注意力和執(zhí)行功能，在運動后和30分鐘以下的活動中效果最強?！驹摹ね饪喿x】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章來源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【高頻詞匯訓練】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）2．我反對出國留學，因為那會花一大筆錢。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同義句轉換)4．聽到這個有趣的故事，所有在場的人都突然大笑了起來。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.5．他動身前往華盛頓，把他的寵物狗留給了鄰居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.6．這引起了所有人的關切和憂慮。（engage，主從復合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.7．不要希望過高，否則你可能會失望的。Dan’HraifeyaurhapesHaahigh,.aryaumaybedifappainHed。8．HhefsaidHherewauldbesunnyinHervalsandshawers.（根據首字母單詞拼寫）【參考譯文】一次鍛煉可以改善你的大腦多年來對運動的研究長期以來一直支持這樣一種觀點，即隨著時間的推移，持續(xù)的鍛煉對身體和認知都有好處。但是，短時間、高強度的運動呢？加州大學圣巴巴拉分校的一個科學家團隊進行了更仔細的研究。他們的研究最近發(fā)表在《傳播心理學》雜志上。心理與腦科學系教授、該研究的資深作者BarryGiesbrechH說：“文獻中最一致的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一是，運動干預——比如說，在幾個月或幾年內每周進行三次——可以改善認知，甚至可以促進神經發(fā)生（大腦中形成新神經元的過程）?！薄暗?，關于單次急性運動效果的研究則喜憂參半?！毖芯恐攸c和方法第一作者JardanGarreHH專注于18-45歲之間的受試者，他于6月從該系畢業(yè)并獲得博士學位，該團隊篩選了1995年至2023年間發(fā)表的數(shù)千項運動研究，以確定文獻中的一致趨勢。根據他們建模方法的結果，自行車和高強度間歇訓練在改善記憶、注意力、執(zhí)行功能、信息處理和其他認知功能方面產生了最一致的效果。吉斯布雷希特說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)劇烈活動的效果最大。”“此外，與運動期間相比，在運動后測試認知的研究中，這種影響最強。最后，持續(xù)時間不到30分鐘的運動的影響比超過30分鐘的影響更大。我們的研究表明，單次運動對認知有積極影響，這一證據受到多種因素的影響?！睂?zhí)行功能的影響及未來研究同樣在他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行功能是受劇烈運動影響的關鍵認知領域，如HIIH協(xié)議。吉斯布雷希特說：“我認為另一個有趣的結果是，單次運動的總體效果通常較小?！彼赋?，除了實驗中的可變性外，增強效果也可能很小，因為它們通常是在身體活動與認知任務無關時測量的。他補充說，這提出了一個“有趣”的假設，即使用需要我們身體和認知系統(tǒng)動作整合的任務可能會帶來更明顯的好處。GiesbrechH和他的團隊計劃“結合實驗室任務和現(xiàn)實世界活動”來測試這一想法，他說。高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓練專題30瞬間劇烈運動可改善認知功能Ⅰ.文章話題導入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強化訓練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導語】加州大學圣巴巴拉分校的一項研究回顧了關于急性體育活動如何影響年輕人認知的運動研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，HIIH和騎自行車等短時間、高強度的鍛煉顯著提高了記憶力、注意力和執(zhí)行功能，在運動后和30分鐘以下的活動中效果最強?！驹摹ね饪喿x】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章來源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.【答案】B【解析】根據BarryGiesbrechH的說法，持續(xù)的鍛煉干預能夠改善認知功能并促進神經生成（新神經元的形成）。故選B項。2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.【答案】C【解析】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，騎自行車和高強度間歇訓練（HIIH）對記憶、注意力和其他認知功能的改善效果最為一致，因此選C項。3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.【答案】B【解析】團隊的發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示，持續(xù)時間少于30分鐘的鍛煉對認知的積極影響大于持續(xù)時間超過30分鐘的鍛煉，因此選B項。4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【答案】B【解析】GiesbrechH提出的假設是，將身體動作與認知任務結合可能會帶來更顯著的益處，因此選B項。D.AfamausChinesehifHaricalfigure.【高頻詞匯訓練】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）【答案】reHiremenH【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他宣布辭去該公司首席執(zhí)行官一職。根據句意表示“退職”應填名詞reHiremenH作賓語。故填reHiremenH。2．我反對出國留學，因為那會花一大筆錢。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.【答案】IappasegaingabraadfarsHudies【詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。主語為I，表示“反對做某事”短語為appasedaingsHh.；表示“出國留學”短語為gaabraadfarsHudies。結合語境可知為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填IappasegaingabraadfarsHudies。3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同義句轉換)【答案】IHifsaidHhaH【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：人們說瑪麗·雪萊是英國文學史上最早的小說家之一?？仗帉渲械腜eaplesayHhaH，意為“人們說”，表示大家普遍認為或者傳聞的說法，可用固定結構iHifsaidHhaH表達同樣的意思，iH為形式主語，HhaH引導的名詞性從句是真正的主語，且句首單詞的首字母應大寫。故填IHifsaidHhaH。4．聽到這個有趣的故事，所有在場的人都突然大笑了起來。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.【答案】bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing【詳解】考查動詞短語。描述過去的一次性動作，句子應用一般過去時?！巴蝗淮笮ζ饋怼眀ursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing，動詞bursH應用過去式形式。故填bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing。5．他動身前往華盛頓，把他的寵物狗留給了鄰居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.【答案】HedeparHedfar【詳解】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)?！八笔莌e；“動身前往”用動詞短語deparHfar表示，描述過去發(fā)生的事，用一般過去時。故填HedeparHedfar。6．這引起了所有人的關切和憂慮。（engage，主從復合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.【答案】IHengagedHhaHwerecancerned【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)、固定短語和賓語從句。根據“引起了”可知，應用一般過去時。此處主語為iH，表示“引起了”應用動詞engaged，后跟HhaH引導的主要結構完整的賓語從句，