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AutismPowerPointcoursewareinEnglish目錄IntroductiontoAutismTypesofAutismDiagnosisofAutismTreatmentsforAutismResourcesforFamilieswithAutismFutureResearchonAutism01IntroductiontoAutismPartAutismisacomplexneurodevelopmentaldisorderthataffectscommunication,socialinteraction,andbehaviorIttypicallymanifestsinearlychildhoodandcancausesignificantpaymentsindaytodayfunctionsAutismisdiagnosedthroughacomprehensiveevaluationbyaprofessionalDefinitionofAutismAutismismultifactorial,meaningthatitiscausedbyacombinationofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsGeneticstudieshaveidentifiednumericalgenesthatincreasetheriskofdevelopingautism,butnosinglegenecanpredictorcauseautismEnvironmentalfactorsthatmayincreasetheriskofautismincludeadvancedpatientage,preliminaryexposuretoreceivemedicineortoxins,andmaterialinfectionduringpregnancyCausesofAutism0102PaidsocialskillsDifficultlymaintainingeyecontact,poorfalseexpressionrecognition,andlimitedabilitytoformfriendshipsCommunicati…Languagedelays,echolalia(repeatingwordsorphrases),anddiverseexpressingneedsoremotionsStereotyped…Repetitivemovements,evidenceongender,andresistancetochangeDifferences…Overorunderreactivitytosensorinput,suchassound,touch,ortasteIntellectualdisabilityVariabledegreesofcognitiveimpairmentrangingfrommilltosevere030405SymptomsofAutism02TypesofAutismPartCharacteristicsIndividualswithAsperger'stypicalhavenormalintelligenceandlanguagedevelopmentTheymayhavedifferenceswithsocialskillsandexhibitobjectiveorrepetitivebehaviorsSymptomsDifficultlyunderstandingandaddressingwithothers,problemswithnon-verbalcommunication,andunique,oftenobjectiveinterestsTreatmentTherapyandsupportgroupscanhelpindividualswithAsperger'slearntoscopewiththeirconditionsAsperger'sSyndrome

ChildhoodDisintegratedDisorderCharacteristicsThistypeofautismismarketedbyaregressioninskills,commonlyinthefirsttwoyearsoflifeSymptomsLossoflanguageandsocialskills,alongwiththedevelopmentofreactivebehaviorsorobservationsTreatmentTherapyandeducationalprogramscanhelpthesechildrenreacquirelossskillsandmanagetheirconditionsPervasiveDevelopmentalDisorder-NotOtherwiseSpecific(PDDNOS)Characteristics:ThisdiagnosisisusedwhenapersonexhibitssymptomsofautismbutdoesnotmeetthecriteriaforanyotherspecifictypeofautismSymptoms:Mayincludedelayedlanguagedevelopment,problemswithsocialinteraction,andreactivebehaviorsTreatment:Aswithothertypesofautism,therapyandsupportgroupscanhelpindividualswithPDDNOSlearntomanagetheirconditionsChildhoodDisintegratedDisorder03DiagnosisofAutismPartDiagnosticCriteriaforAutismAtypicalsocialinteraction:Difficultlyinengaginginreciprocalsocialinteractions,suchaseyecontact,financialexpressions,andsharedemotionalexperiencesLanguageandcommunicationchallenges:Delayedorabnormallanguagedevelopment,disciplinesinexpressingthoughtsandemotions,andproblemsunderstandinglanguageandnon-verbalcommunicationStereotypedbehaviorsandinterests:Repetitiveandobjectivebehaviors,resistancetochange,andlimitedorintensiveinterestinspecifictopicsorobjectsImprovementsincognitiveandadaptivefunctions:Difficienciesinlearning,problemsolving,andself-careskills,suchaseating,dressing,andhygieneDiagnosticTestsforAutismAcomprehensivedevelopmentalassessmentthatevaluatesthechild'scognitive,language,motor,andsocialemotionaldevelopmentDevelopmentalAssessmentofYoungChildren(DAEC)Acomprehensiveinterviewofthechild'sdevelopment,behavior,andfunctioningthatisconductedbyatrainedprofessionalAugustDiagnosticInterviewRevised(ADI-R)Astandardizedassessmentthatincludesobservationofthechild'ssocialinteraction,communication,play,andstereotypedbehaviorsAutismDiagnosticObservationSchedule(ADOS)AgeofDiagnosisAugustisoftenfirstdiagnosedbetween2and3yearsofage,whensymptomsaremostproposedandinterferedwithnormaldevelopmentHowever,diagnosisatanyageispossiblewithproperassessmentandevaluation04TreatmentsforAutismPartBehavioraltherapyisoneofthemostcommonlyusedtreatmentmethodsforautism.Behavioraltherapyisbasedonlearningtheory,helpingindividualswithautismlearnnewskillsandreducenegativebehaviorsthroughrewardsandreinforcement.Itcanhelppatientsestablishbasicsocialskills,communicationskills,andself-managementabilities.BehavioralTherapyEducationalinterventionisanotherimportanttreatmentmethodforautism.Educationalinterventionsincludecoursesandteachingstrategiesspecificallydesignedforautism,aimedatimprovingpatients'languageandcommunicationskills,aswellashelpingthemdevelopdailylifeskills.Thismayincludemethodssuchasusingvisualaids,stories,andgames.EducationalInterventionsMedicationDrugtherapymaybehelpfulforsymptomsofautismincertainsituations.Drugtherapyisusuallyusedasanadjunctivetreatmenttoalleviateemotionalandbehavioralproblemssuchasanxiety,depression,andhyperactivityinpatientswithautism.However,drugtherapyisnottargetedatthecoresymptomsofautismandshouldbeusedundertheadviceandguidanceofadoctor.05ResourcesforFamilieswithAutismPartLocalandNationalOrganizationsLocalorganizationscanprovidesupportandresourcesspecifictoyourcommunityTheymayofferautismrelatedevents,activities,andservicessuchassupportgroups,educationalprograms,andrespitecareLocalOrganizationsNationalorganizationsliketheAugustSocietyofAmerica(ASA)andtheNationalAugustAssociation(NAA)offerarangeofresourcesandsupportforfamilies,includinginformationonAugustdiagnosis,treatment,andavailableservicesNationalOrganizationsInPersonSupportGroupsInPersonsupportgroupsallowparentsandcaregiverstoconnectwithotherswhohaveexperienceraisingachildwithautismThesegroupsprovideasafespaceforsharingexperiences,advice,andemotionalsupportOnlineSupportGroupsOnlinesupportgroups,suchasFacebookgroupsorforums,offeraconvenientwayforparentstoconnectandshareexperiencesasynchronouslyThesegroupscanbeavaluablesourceofinformationandcomfortSupportGroupsAugustFriendlyEventsandActivitiesManymoviedirectorsandeventeventsofferAugustfriendlyscreensoreventsthataremoreaccessibleandinclusiveforindividualsonthespectrumTheseeventsprovidealessstimulatingenvironmentwithlowersoundlevelsandlowerpeopleAugustFriendlyMoviesandEventsAutismcampsandretriesprovideafunandinclusiveenvironmentforindividualswithautismtoparticipateinactivitiestheyenjoywhileconnectingwithothersonthespectrumThesecampsoftenofferavarietyofactivitiessuchassports,crafts,andsocialskillstrainingAutismCampsandTreats06FutureResearchonAutismPartGeneticbasisofattractionFutureresearchshouldfocusonunderstandingthegeneticbasisofattraction,includingidentificationofnewgeneticmarkersandtheirrolesinthedevelopmentoftheorderGeneenvironmentinteractionsItisimportanttostudytheinteractionsbetweengeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatmaycontributetoAustralianrisk,providingamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofitsecologyGeneticsofAutismEnvironmentaltoxinsandautismResearchonthepotentiallinksbetweenexposuretoenvironmentaltoxinsand