2024-2025學年上學期北京高一英語期末典型卷1

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學年上學期北京高一英語期末典型卷1一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2024春?寧德期末）Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation.Whetheritisyourlovelifeoraseriouslifestruggle，wemustlearnto（1）.Ifyoucouldtalktoyour（2）selvesagain，whatwouldyoutellthem？Forme，thebest（3）togivemyyoungerselfwouldbetobestronger，（4）lifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon.PeoplewhoknewmeyearsagowouldthinkthatI'mdeadnow，butlittledotheyknow.Ihadalotof（5）backthen，hadnoself﹣confidence，didn't（6）myselfandsomuchmore.ButnowIhave（7）.IfIcanbecomethebestofmyself，thensocanyou.Iamheretohelpyouwiththat.（8）yourlifecanbeeasyifyou（9）believeinyourself，andafterall，youonlyhaveyourselfinthisworld.Soturnthe（10）ofyourlifewithus，andmoveonfromevery（11）andheartbreak.Ichangedmylifeforthebetter，andnowitisyour（12）todoso.Ittookmedecadesto（13）thesecretwhichallofmylifestartswith.（14）yourproblemsare，thesolutionwillcometoyoueasily.Justbestrongerto（15）yourpast.（1）A.giveupB.giveinC.moveonD.moveaway（2）A.youngerB.wiserC.strongerD.healthier（3）A.resourceB.adviceC.recognitionD.dream（4）A.asifB.sothatC.untilD.because（5）A.problemsB.advantagesC.skillsD.illnesses（6）A.thankB.loveC.concentrateD.introduce（7）A.improvedB.fallenC.hesitatedD.agreed（8）A.ChangingB.AbandoningC.InfluencingD.Accepting（9）A.gratefullyB.trulyC.originallyD.nearly（10）A.pageB.coverC.stepD.strength（11）A.directionB.successC.quarrelD.struggle（12）A.rightB.roleC.turnD.duty（13）A.correctB.learnC.predictD.hide（14）A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.Whatever（15）A.approachB.protectC.dropD.record二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2024春?涪城區(qū)校級期末）BusinessAnalyticsPosterCompetitionAreyouastudentoraprofessionalworkingonanalytics，managementscience，economics，ordatascience？Thisisyourchancetosharewhatyouhavebeendoingandnetworkwithtopexpertsinthefield.Presentations&ProductionGuidelinesSubmissions（提交）arewelcomedfromallindustryprofessionalsandstudents.Posterscanbeindividualorteamsubmissions.（Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers.）AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS.Postersmustbeproducedasasinglepage.Werecommendapostersizeof72incheswideby36inchestall，or48by36inches.Alongwiththestandardposterformat，wearealsoacceptingandencouragingpostersusingthe"headline"format.Freemodelpostersareavailablehere.VideoPresentationsofPostersYouwillneedtosubmitavideopresentationofyourworkthatisatmosteightminutesinlength.Youareencouragedtopromoteyourworkviasocialmedia.ThereisaSocialMediaAwardcashprizeforgainingthemostlikesonyourvideo!Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二維碼）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter.AwardsJudgeswillprovidesuggestionsforeachsubmissionafterthegivenpostertimehasended.AwardwinnerswillbeannouncedonApril16.1stPlace：＄2，5002ndPlace：＄1.500SocialMediaAward：＄1，000ImportantDatesPosterSubmissionDeadline：March6，2024VideoPresentationDeadline：April5，2024PosterCompetitionMeetings：April15&16，2024（1）Whatisthenecessityforsubmission？A．Adegreeindatascience.B．ThemembershipofINFORMS.C．Aqualificationincomputer.D．Theaward﹣winningexperience.（2）Whatisrequiredforthevideopresentation？A．Includingapaperdescription.B．Winningwiderecognitiononline.C．Beingwithintenminutesinlength.D．Offeringaccessforpeopletocheck.（3）Howmuchcaneachstudentofafive﹣personteamwinningfirstprizereceive？A．＄200.B．＄300.C．＄500.D．＄1.000.3．（2024?包河區(qū)校級三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool，IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure（長期聘用），Ihadtobeproductive.However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork，whetherit'shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理學的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently，thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn'thurt，youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe，whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit'sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou'veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles，youknowwhatImean.That'sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly."Whenyou'reinsecureinone，yourelyontheotheronethat'sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability（柔韌性）isthedefinitionofstrength，"saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.However，I?hadn'thadthechance：Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections，Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents，andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（1）Whatwastheauthor'sreactiontotheleadingexpert'swords？A.Hetookhisadvice.B.Hefeltdiscouraged.C.Hepaidnoattention.D.Heconsultedanotherexpert.（2）Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout？A.Rejectionreallyhurts.B.Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C.Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D.Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.（3）Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection？A.Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B.Forgivethosewhorejectus.C.Turntoourstrongeridentity.D.Learnalessonfrompastfailures.（4）Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast？A.Heleftgraduateschool.B.Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C.Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D.Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.4．（2024春?東莞市月考）Humansareborntocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmany"likes"theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionairesenvymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated，"Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser."Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair，itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁榮，成功）.Onthecontrary，leftunmanaged，itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately，thereisaformulatosolvethisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge：Insteadofalwaysgoingforgold，shootforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt，althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser，thirdplacecanbetherealwinner—atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（長壽）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories，itwasfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears，livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists，wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction："Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth."Inotherwords，silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep，whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（領獎臺）atall.Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation，andthusenjoyment.Decadesago，researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinteresttheyreported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhavingatimelimitmeanscompetingagainstthemselves—whichisoftenmorefun.Theprincipleatworkhereisthattryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceprovidesasensenotof"winning"butofprogress.Andtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetocompareyourselfisyou.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"dispensewith"inparagraph2probablymean？A．Stickto.B．Dependon.C．Getridof.D．Takechargeof.（2）Inwhichsituationwillpeoplebemostlikelytofeelgoodaboutthemselves？A．Treatcompetitionsasallornothing.B．Aimtooutperformothersincompetitions.C．Checkoutothers'victoriesonsocialmedia.D．Comparethemselveswiththoselessfortunate.（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A．AlwaysGoingforGoldB．TheVictoryofCominginThirdC．FindingSatisfactioninComparisonD．SecondPlaceisJusttheFirstLoser三．語法填空（共1小題）5．（2022秋?昌平區(qū)校級期中）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AMyhusbandwaslooking（1）ourtwodaughters.Theystartedcryingwhenmyhusbandcookedlunch.Heranintotheroomand（2）（see）asmallscorpion（蝎子），somyhusbandpickeditup.Theoldergirlsaid，"Girlscan'tdealwithit."Myhusbandtoldher，"Youneverhavetobeafraidofsomethingonlybecauseyou'reagirl.Youareassmartandstrongasanyboy."Heheldthescorpion'stailwithhis（3）（finger）.Thegirlaskedtoholdit.Somyhusbandputitonherhandswhileheheldthetail.Shewassoproudof（4）（she）thatshetalkedaboutituntilshewenttosleep.BYogamakesyoufeel（5）（relax）.SmithFarmisnowofferingpeoplethechance（6）（do）theirdailyyogawithgoats.Infact，thegoatsdon'tactuallytakepartintheyoga.Theyaremoreformoralsupport（精神支持），preventingyoufromgettingbored."Itisawonderfulexperience，"saysSmith，"Itmaysoundsillybutit'strulygettingoutsideinnaturewithbeautifulsceneryandlovelyanimalsaroundyou.Animalscan（7）（real）helphumansdealwithstress，illnessorsadness."CItiseasyandverypowerfultobekindtothosewhoarekindtoyou.Yettoexperiencethefullpowerofyoursincerekindness，offerittopeople（8）arecarelessandrudetoyou.Sure，itisdifficulttoforgivethosewhoarehurtfultoyou.Butthewaytostopthehurtisbyrefusingtoparticipateinit.Forgivenessgivesyoutheupperhand.Betheonewhoisstrong，who（9）（stop）therudeness.Putthepowerofkindness（10）forgivenesstoworkforyouandyourworld.四．其他閱讀題型（共1小題）6．（2024?杏花嶺區(qū)校級開學）Manypeopledon'tknowthatFrenchfriesarenotreallyFrench.Infact，theycomefromBelgiumoriginallybutpeoplecallthem"pommesfrites"inFrance.Frenchfriesaremadeofpotatoes，andtheyarecutandfried.ThefriedpotatoesarecalledFrenchfriesbecausetheywerefirstseenbyAmericansinBelgium，buttheywerefriedintheFrenchway.TheFrenchwayistofrypotatoestwicewithasmallpauseinthemiddle.DuringWorldWarI，therewerealotofhungryAmericansoldiersinNorthernFranceandBelgium.TheyateFrenchfriesinBelgium.Afterthewarwasover，thesoldierswentbackhometoAmerica.However，theymissedFrenchfriessomuchthattheymadeFrenchfriesathome.That'showFrenchfrieswerefirstintroducedtoAmerica.FrenchfrieswerecalledBelgianfriesonce，butthenamewasfinallychangedtoFrenchfries.SometimesFrenchfriesarejustcalledfries.FrenchfriesareoneofthemostpopularpotatofoodsinAmerica.AmericanfastfoodrestaurantssuchasMcDonald'sandBurgerKinghaveFrenchfriesontheirmenus.Frenchfriesarefreshlyfried，andusuallyservedwithhamburgers.IfyouvisitanyfastfoodrestaurantinAmericaandorderahamburger，youwillprobablyhear"Youwantfrieswiththat？"Whydon'tyouthinkaboutthehistoryofFrenchfriesalittlewhile，andsay"Yes，please.Thankyou."？（1）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？（nomorethan6words）（2）WherewereFrenchfriesfirstmade？（nomorethan2words）（3）WhyarethefriedpotatoescalledFrenchfries？（nomorethan8words）（4）WhofirstintroducedFrenchfriestoAmerica？（nomorethan3words）（5）Whatdoestheunderlined"thatinthelastparagraphreferto？（only1word）五．書面表達（共1小題）7．（2024?聊城三模）你在某英語學習網(wǎng)站上看到一個話題為"MyPlan（s）foraMeaningfulSummerVacation"的帖子，請你寫一篇英語短文跟帖，內(nèi)容包括：（1）你的暑假安排；（2）說明你的理由。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。MyPlan（s）foraMeaningfulSummerVacation_____

2024-2025學年上學期北京高一英語期末典型卷1參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2024春?寧德期末）Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation.Whetheritisyourlovelifeoraseriouslifestruggle，wemustlearnto（1）C.Ifyoucouldtalktoyour（2）Aselvesagain，whatwouldyoutellthem？Forme，thebest（3）Btogivemyyoungerselfwouldbetobestronger，（4）Dlifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon.PeoplewhoknewmeyearsagowouldthinkthatI'mdeadnow，butlittledotheyknow.Ihadalotof（5）Abackthen，hadnoself﹣confidence，didn't（6）Bmyselfandsomuchmore.ButnowIhave（7）A.IfIcanbecomethebestofmyself，thensocanyou.Iamheretohelpyouwiththat.（8）Ayourlifecanbeeasyifyou（9）Bbelieveinyourself，andafterall，youonlyhaveyourselfinthisworld.Soturnthe（10）Aofyourlifewithus，andmoveonfromevery（11）Dandheartbreak.Ichangedmylifeforthebetter，andnowitisyour（12）Ctodoso.Ittookmedecadesto（13）Bthesecretwhichallofmylifestartswith.（14）Dyourproblemsare，thesolutionwillcometoyoueasily.Justbestrongerto（15）Cyourpast.（1）A.giveupB.giveinC.moveonD.moveaway（2）A.youngerB.wiserC.strongerD.healthier（3）A.resourceB.adviceC.recognitionD.dream（4）A.asifB.sothatC.untilD.because（5）A.problemsB.advantagesC.skillsD.illnesses（6）A.thankB.loveC.concentrateD.introduce（7）A.improvedB.fallenC.hesitatedD.agreed（8）A.ChangingB.AbandoningC.InfluencingD.Accepting（9）A.gratefullyB.trulyC.originallyD.nearly（10）A.pageB.coverC.stepD.strength（11）A.directionB.successC.quarrelD.struggle（12）A.rightB.roleC.turnD.duty（13）A.correctB.learnC.predictD.hide（14）A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.Whatever（15）A.approachB.protectC.dropD.record【考點】記敘文；品行與態(tài)度．【答案】（1）﹣（5）CABDA（6）﹣（10）BAABA（11）﹣（15）DCBDC【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者個人的成長故事，傳達了一個核心信息：無論遇到多少困難，只要我們勇敢面對、堅持自我提升，就能克服挑戰(zhàn)，實現(xiàn)個人蛻變。【解答】（1）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.giveup放棄；B.givein屈服；C.moveon繼續(xù)前進；D.moveaway離開。句意：無論是你的愛情生活還是一場嚴重的生活斗爭，我們都必須學會繼續(xù)前進。分析句子成分可知，這里是在講述面對生活中的困難與挑戰(zhàn)時應采取的態(tài)度，根據(jù)"Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation."可知，這里強調(diào)的是解決問題、面對挑戰(zhàn)的能力，因此選擇能夠體現(xiàn)積極態(tài)度和解決問題能力的選項。故選C項。（2）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.younger更年輕的；B.wiser更明智的；C.stronger更強壯的；D.healthier更健康的。句意：如果你能再次與過去的自己對話，你會告訴他們什么？根據(jù)后文"myyoungerself"可以推斷出這里指的是與過去的自己，即更年輕的自己（youngerselves）對話。故選A項。（3）考查名詞及語境理解。A.resource資源；B.advice建議；C.recognition認可；D.dream夢想。句意：對于我來說，我給年輕時自己的最好建議是變得更堅強，因為從這起生活只會越來越艱難。根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容"tobestronger"，這是作者想要給年輕時自己的建議，因此這里需要填入"建議"一詞。故選B項。（4）考查連詞及語境理解。A.asif好像；B.sothat以便；C.until直到；D.because因為。句意：對于我來說，我給年輕時自己的最好建議是變得更堅強，因為從這起生活只會越來越艱難。前半句"tobestronger"與后半句"lifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon"之間存在因果關系，即之所以要變得更堅強是因為生活將會越來越艱難。故選D項。（5）考查名詞及語境理解。A.problems問題；B.advantages優(yōu)勢；C.skills技能；D.illnesses疾病。句意：那時候我有很多問題，沒有自信，不愛自己。根據(jù)后文"hadnoself﹣confidence，didn'tlovemyself"可以推斷出作者過去有很多困擾他的事情，即問題（problems）。故選A項。（6）考查動詞及語境理解。A.thank感謝；B.love愛；C.concentrate集中注意力；D.introduce介紹。句意：那時候我有很多問題，沒有自信，不愛自己。根據(jù)上下文語境，這里描述的是作者過去的狀態(tài)，與"noself﹣confidence"并列，表達的是作者曾經(jīng)不自愛（didn'tlovemyself）。故選B項。（7）考查動詞及語境理解。A.improved改善；B.fallen跌倒；C.hesitated猶豫；D.agreed同意。句意：但現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)變得更好了。根據(jù)上文的"But"可知，本句表轉(zhuǎn)折，此處描述的是作者現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，與前文形成對比，表明作者經(jīng)歷了一系列變化之后，狀況得到了改善（improved）。故選A項。（8）考查動名詞及語境理解。A.Changing改變；B.Abandoning放棄；C.Influencing影響；D.Accepting接受。句意：改變你的生活其實很簡單，只要你真正相信自己，畢竟，你在這個世界上只有你自己。根據(jù)上文的"becomethebestofmyself"以及整體語境，這里強調(diào)的是改變（Changing）生活的重要性。故選A項。（9）考查副詞及語境理解。A.gratefully感激地；B.truly真正地；C.originally最初；D.nearly幾乎。句意：改變你的生活其實很簡單，只要你真正相信自己，畢竟，你在這個世界上只有你自己。根據(jù)句意，句子強調(diào)了"只有你自己"這一事實，需要選擇一個表示"真正地"或"確實地"的副詞來加強語氣。B項"truly"符合語境。即"真正地"（truly）。故選B項。（10）考查名詞及語境理解。A.page頁面；B.cover封面；C.step步驟；D.strength力量。句意：所以翻開你人生的新的一頁，從每一次掙扎和心碎中繼續(xù)前行。根據(jù)上文"（8）yourlife（改變你的生活）"可知，這里用"翻頁"（turnthepage）這一比喻，形象地表達了"改變自己"和從過去向未來的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選A項。（11）考查名詞及語境理解。A.direction方向；B.success成功；C.quarrel爭吵；D.struggle掙扎。句意：所以翻開你人生的新的一頁，從每一次掙扎和心碎中繼續(xù)前行。根據(jù)后文"heartbreak"以及整體語境，這里描述的是面對生活中的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，即"掙扎"（struggle）。故選D項。（12）考查名詞及語境理解。A.right權利；B.role角色；C.turn輪次；D.duty責任。句意：我把我的生活變得更好了，現(xiàn)在輪到你們這樣做了。根據(jù)上文"Ichangedmylifeforthebetter"，這里使用"輪到某人做某事"（it'sone'sturntodo）這一表達，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在是你們采取行動的時候了。故選C項。（13）考查動詞及語境理解。A.correct糾正；B.learn學習；C.predict預測；D.hide隱藏。句意：花了我?guī)资甑臅r間才學會這個秘密。根據(jù)上下文，這里描述的是作者經(jīng)過長時間的努力和探索，最終"學會了"（learn）生活的秘密。故選B項。（14）考查疑問詞及語境理解。A.Whoever任何人；B.Wherever任何地方；C.However然而；D.Whatever無論什么。句意：無論你的問題是什么，解決方法總會輕易地來到你身邊。根據(jù)句意，這里強調(diào)的是無論面臨什么問題，都有解決的方法，因此使用"無論什么"（Whatever）。故選D項。（15）考查動詞及語境理解。A.approach接近；B.protect保護；C.drop放下；D.record記錄。句意：只要更堅強地放下過去。根據(jù)上文的"moveonfromevery（11）andheartbreak."，從每一次掙扎和心碎中繼續(xù)前行，可知這里描述的是要堅強地"放下"（drop）過去，以迎接新的生活。故選C項?！军c評】完形填空題的解題步驟：1.通讀全文，理解大意。重視首句信息，跳過空格，瀏覽全文，從整體上感知全文，理解文章大意，這是解題的基礎。2.瞻前顧后，避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下，結合各選項的意義和用法，遵循先易后難的原則，先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題，暫時跳過，或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示，或許一個在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。3.復讀全文，解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補全的空格，對全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。4.再次復讀，彌補疏漏，全部做好后，務必要結合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容，確保全文文意連貫。二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2024春?涪城區(qū)校級期末）BusinessAnalyticsPosterCompetitionAreyouastudentoraprofessionalworkingonanalytics，managementscience，economics，ordatascience？Thisisyourchancetosharewhatyouhavebeendoingandnetworkwithtopexpertsinthefield.Presentations&ProductionGuidelinesSubmissions（提交）arewelcomedfromallindustryprofessionalsandstudents.Posterscanbeindividualorteamsubmissions.（Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers.）AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS.Postersmustbeproducedasasinglepage.Werecommendapostersizeof72incheswideby36inchestall，or48by36inches.Alongwiththestandardposterformat，wearealsoacceptingandencouragingpostersusingthe"headline"format.Freemodelpostersareavailablehere.VideoPresentationsofPostersYouwillneedtosubmitavideopresentationofyourworkthatisatmosteightminutesinlength.Youareencouragedtopromoteyourworkviasocialmedia.ThereisaSocialMediaAwardcashprizeforgainingthemostlikesonyourvideo!Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二維碼）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter.AwardsJudgeswillprovidesuggestionsforeachsubmissionafterthegivenpostertimehasended.AwardwinnerswillbeannouncedonApril16.1stPlace：＄2，5002ndPlace：＄1.500SocialMediaAward：＄1，000ImportantDatesPosterSubmissionDeadline：March6，2024VideoPresentationDeadline：April5，2024PosterCompetitionMeetings：April15&16，2024（1）Whatisthenecessityforsubmission？BA．Adegreeindatascience.B．ThemembershipofINFORMS.C．Aqualificationincomputer.D．Theaward﹣winningexperience.（2）Whatisrequiredforthevideopresentation？DA．Includingapaperdescription.B．Winningwiderecognitiononline.C．Beingwithintenminutesinlength.D．Offeringaccessforpeopletocheck.（3）Howmuchcaneachstudentofafive﹣personteamwinningfirstprizereceive？CA．＄200.B．＄300.C．＄500.D．＄1.000.【考點】應用文；日常生活．【專題】閱讀理解．【答案】BDC【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了商業(yè)分析海報競賽的參與條件、演示與制作指南、獎項設置以及重要的截止日期等信息，旨在向目標受眾傳達有關競賽的具體細節(jié)，并鼓勵他們參與。【解答】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Presentations&ProductionGuidelines部分中的AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS（所有提交的作品都必須至少有一位作者是我們INFORMS的會員）可知，提交的必要條件是至少有一位作者是INFORMS的會員。故選B。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VideoPresentationsofPosters部分中的Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二維碼）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter（請在介紹您的海報之前，在屏幕上展示整個海報。同時，請確保有一個二維碼，以便人們可以鏈接到您的實際海報）可知，視頻演示的要求是為人們提供檢查海報的訪問途徑。故選D。（3）數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)Awards部分中的1stPlace：＄2，500（第一名：＄2，500）可知，第一名將獲得＄2，500；再根據(jù)Presentations&ProductionGuidelines部分中的Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers（如果團隊提交的作品獲獎，獎金將在團隊成員之間平均分配）可知，如果團隊提交的作品獲獎，獎金將在團隊成員之間平均分配。一等獎的獎金是2，500，所以五人團隊中的每位學生將獲得2，500÷5＝＄500。故選C。【點評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。3．（2024?包河區(qū)校級三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool，IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure（長期聘用），Ihadtobeproductive.However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork，whetherit'shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理學的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently，thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn'thurt，youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe，whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit'sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou'veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles，youknowwhatImean.That'sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly."Whenyou'reinsecureinone，yourelyontheotheronethat'sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability（柔韌性）isthedefinitionofstrength，"saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.However，I?hadn'thadthechance：Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections，Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents，andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（1）Whatwastheauthor'sreactiontotheleadingexpert'swords？BA.Hetookhisadvice.B.Hefeltdiscouraged.C.Hepaidnoattention.D.Heconsultedanotherexpert.（2）Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout？AA.Rejectionreallyhurts.B.Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C.Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D.Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.（3）Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection？CA.Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B.Forgivethosewhorejectus.C.Turntoourstrongeridentity.D.Learnalessonfrompastfailures.（4）Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast？DA.Heleftgraduateschool.B.Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C.Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D.Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.【考點】記敘文；品行與態(tài)度．【專題】閱讀理解．【答案】BACD【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議，主要討論的是個人在面對學術和職業(yè)上的拒絕時如何調(diào)整心態(tài)和尋找新的機會?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.（然而，當我的前三篇論文被主要期刊拒絕時，一位權威專家告訴我，我的項目沒有希望了，我想知道我是否應該退學。）可知，作者對權威專家的話的反應是感到灰心喪氣。故選B。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理學的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.（神經(jīng)科學家掃描了被殘忍地排除在網(wǎng)絡游戲之外的人的大腦。生理反應看起來與處理生理疼痛非常相似。）可知，神經(jīng)學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了拒絕真的讓人感到疼痛。故選A。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.（在我的學術生涯早期，當我的作品被拒絕時，柔韌性成了我力量的源泉。我作為一名研究員的身份受到了威脅，但這并不是吸引我進入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一個更強烈的身份：我想成為一名教師。）可知，面對拒絕，作者建議我們轉(zhuǎn)向我們更強大的身份。故選C。（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（與學生們的對話促成了我最初的兩篇主要論文，這使我在獲得終身教職方面有了一個良好的開端。）可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故選D。【點評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。4．（2024春?東莞市月考）Humansareborntocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmany"likes"theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionairesenvymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated，"Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser."Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair，itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁榮，成功）.Onthecontrary，leftunmanaged，itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately，thereisaformulatosolvethisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge：Insteadofalwaysgoingforgold，shootforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt，althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser，thirdplacecanbetherealwinner—atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（長壽）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories，itwasfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears，livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists，wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction："Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth."Inotherwords，silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep，whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（領獎臺）atall.Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation，andthusenjoyment.Decadesago，researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinteresttheyreported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhavingat