基于英語“形合”的完形填空解題指導(dǎo)課件-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

基于英語“形合”的完型填空解題指導(dǎo)LearningobjectivesInthislesson,wewill1.obtainsomerelativebackgroundinformationofclozetest;2.understandwhyEnglishhypotaxiscanbeusedtodoclozetest;3.trytouseEnglishhypotaxistodoclozetest.Step1:Lead-inHowtodrawapicturelikethis?abcde123456Conclusion1:

繪畫的過程即完形的過程，由整體到局部。由輪廓到細(xì)節(jié)。f1）Orderingtask:Inference1:StepstodoclozetestSkimtogetthegeneralidea.Foucsonthefirstsentenceorparagraph.Step1:Finishtheblanksasmanyasyoucan.Step2:Readcarefullytofinishtherestblanks.Step3:Step4:Readagaintochecktheanswers.2)Guessinggame:Whatmayitbeaccordingtothehint（提示）?Conclusion2:完形心理學(xué)認(rèn)為當(dāng)看見不完整的事物時，人們根據(jù)腦子里對事物的完整概念，會在思想上把它補(bǔ)全。Inference2:Neverevertrytodoclozetestuntilyougettheoutlineofit.Step2:Analysesofclozetestsinthepastfiveyears年份卷別體裁主題話題題目類型名詞動詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞2020新Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自然保護(hù)濕地7521002021Ⅰ卷記敘文人與社會第一次暑期在烘焙廠打工4920002022Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自我露營得到陌生人幫助5531102023Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議人與社會越野賽跑中救助受傷對手7530002024Ⅰ卷1.設(shè)題規(guī)律以名詞、動詞為主，其次是形容詞、副詞。著重考查考生的詞匯運用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。2.選材特點主題語境包括人與自我、人與自然和人與社會，選材原汁原味，語言地道，充滿正能量，倡導(dǎo)至真至善至美的價值觀，在具體語境中考查英語核心素養(yǎng)。Tip1:Nothingismoreimportantthanvocabulary.一、完形填空的起源

完形填空法的產(chǎn)生與格式塔心理學(xué)（Gestaltpsychology）有著密切的關(guān)系。格式塔心理學(xué)特別注重作為整體的經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ健Ｋ鼜?qiáng)調(diào)：不能通過對各部分的分析來認(rèn)識整體。要理解整體的全部性質(zhì)，就必須“自上而下”地分析整體結(jié)構(gòu)到各個組成部分的特性。Step3:Introductionofclozetest

完形填空題的創(chuàng)始人：威爾遜·泰勒（WilsonTaylor）“完形填空并不直接涉及特定的意思。它只是反復(fù)地從兩種語言模式的相似之處取樣：一種是寫的人表達(dá)自己的思想的語言模式，另一種是反映讀的人根據(jù)自己的理解做出的猜測語言模式?！?/p>

Tip2:Youwillneverunderstandalanguageuntilyouunderstandatleasttwo.二、完形填空題的命題依據(jù)利用上下文（已有圖式）推斷空白未知信息（即建構(gòu)新圖式）是完形填空題的考查目的，所以借助文意的層層推進(jìn)，可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測情節(jié)發(fā)展和文意延伸，從而巧妙推斷空白未知信息（新圖式）。威爾遜·泰勒：“完形填空所涉及的是一系列與上下文相聯(lián)系的空白，而不是孤立的空白。”Tip3:重語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Tip4:重行文邏輯Step4:Hypotaxisinclozetestformformal形式正式的Themoreformsthereare,themoreformalitis.語篇：行文：理性思維個體思維抽象思維三段論總——分——總(總分or分總）用詞精準(zhǔn)、邏輯清晰、論述有條理重分析、情感色彩、語言風(fēng)格句子重邏輯，篇章重結(jié)構(gòu)與層次Tip5：每個正確選項一定有相應(yīng)的思維支撐演繹推理證據(jù)與推理語境與情感邏輯與因果記敘文的形合特征：Part1總：Part2分：Part3總：總：分：總：首句中間句尾句開頭Introduction:when,where,who,what正文Body:processandclimaxwhy,how歸納總結(jié)ConclusionexperienceorlessonsTip6：篇章抓住首尾段；

段落抓住首尾句。Step5:Analysesofthesamplefrom

【2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend

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amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning

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,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

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fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I

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it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy

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seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly

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I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI

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cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I

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ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I

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herbikeandwentforaride.The

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:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch

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.Thatday,Igot

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byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

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.I've

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alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

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Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.Step5:Analysesofthesamplefrom【2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Procedure1:

Skimtogetthestructure

Part1—總（大前提）Part2—分（小前提）Para.4:ExperienceofrunningExperienceofcyclingsupportivedetailsPara.1:Para.3:Part3—總（結(jié)論）Para.2:I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.I've

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alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

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Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.∴I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.Examples1、2∵aneighborhoodfriend

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amarathonrace.∴Istartedrunning

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∵agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

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fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.∴Idecidedthattheonly

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I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!Procedure2:ClarifythelogicofthepassageMotivated1Demotivated1Examples1、2∵Reason1首尾句轉(zhuǎn)折∵SoI

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cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.∵Thatday,Igot

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byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.∴WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.Motivated2Demotivated2∴I

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ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.∴I've

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alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

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Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.Reasons1、2∵Reason2首尾句轉(zhuǎn)折I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning

2

,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

3

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.---∵Feelingmotivated,---Istartedrunning---∵Feelingmotivated,---Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun∴---,aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.∴Istartedrunning

2

,∵referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.∴shewas

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fora"super,"理性思維——證據(jù)與推理理性思維——證據(jù)與推理wonregularlytraining理性思維——證據(jù)與推理Procedure3:Practise---First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

training

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I

4

it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy

5

seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly

6

I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!∵thepureboredomofjogging,∵folks'achievementsallmylife.---a52.4-miledoublemarathon.---mylongestrun—15miles.∴I

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it!∴thegirlmakingmy

5

seemsmall∵ifabigdogwasrunningafterme!∴theonly

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I'deverrunagain個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據(jù)與推理個體思維——語境與分析hatedachievementreason當(dāng)先行詞是reason，且在定語從句中作原因狀語時，可以用關(guān)系副詞why或關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo)，還可以省略that。SoI

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cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I

8

ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I

9

herbikeandwentforaride.∵thepureboredomofjogging,---Igotagoodbike∵Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.∴SoI

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cycling.∴I

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ofenteringcycleraces∵Whileshewasatworkoneday,∴I

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herbikeandwentforaride.抽象思維——邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)turnedtodreamed個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據(jù)與推理borrowedSoIturnedto

cycling.---.The

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:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch

11

.Thatday,Igot

12

byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.∵:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.∵whereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.∴The

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:Theroads---∴I'dneverfacedsuch

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.∵---demotivated---whowereusedtosuchroads.∴Igot

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byabout100"local"bikers個體思維——語境與情感problemchallengespassed個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據(jù)與推理---WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.I've

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alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

15

Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.∵---demotivatedIgotagoodbikeandrodealot.Igot

passed

byabout100"local"bikers∵---motivated—anddemotivatedI'vecometoaccept---∴suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

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.∴I've

14

alotsincethen.∵---startedrunning

---turnedtocyclingtheyjusthavetobemyown.∴whatever

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Isetformyself,appealing個體思維——語境與情感matured抽象思維——邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)個體思維——語境與分析goals年份卷別體裁主題話題題目類型名詞動詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞2020新Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自然保護(hù)濕地7521002021Ⅰ卷記敘文人與社會第一次暑期在烘焙廠打工4920002022Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自我露營得到陌生人幫助5531102023Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議人與社會越野賽跑中救助受傷對手7530002024Ⅰ卷Tip1:Nothingismoreimportantthanvocabulary.記敘文人與自我正確設(shè)定自我目標(biāo)851100Tip3:重語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

Tip2:Youwillneverunderstandalanguageuntilyouunderstandatleasttwo.Tip4:重行文邏輯Tip6：篇章抓住首尾段；段落抓住首尾句。Step6:SummaryTip5：每個正確選項一定有相應(yīng)的思維支撐Step7:Homework——【2024年新高考Ⅱ卷】WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto

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,Italywastheclearwinner.DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I

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toaskfordirect