（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第5篇譯文老師筆記

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天1.和遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)相比,傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法能夠加強(qiáng)師生間的關(guān)系,因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)教學(xué)方法有更多的互動(dòng).Incontrastto

distancelearning(1.遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)),

traditionalteachingmethods

(2.傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法)cementthelink

(3.加強(qiáng)關(guān)系)betweenteachersandstudentsbecausetherearemore

interactions(4.互動(dòng)).

1-distance

learningdistance

learning是遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Theideathat

distance-learning

programmesarein

somewaythe"poorrelation”oftheMBA,particularlycomparedwithfull-time

programmes,isnolongertenable.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：distance

education/onlinelearning/onlinecourses

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

distant

learning點(diǎn)評(píng)：distance

learning是一個(gè)固定表達(dá),不能寫成distantlearning(2)

remote

education點(diǎn)評(píng)：remote與education不能搭配(3)

online

course點(diǎn)評(píng)：應(yīng)該改為online

courses

2-traditional

teachingmethodstraditional是比較廣義的"傳統(tǒng)”,指一代代傳下來(lái)的習(xí)俗、行為、模式、思想等;teaching

methods和methodsofteaching的表達(dá)都可以.

外刊例句：Thisreversalof

the

traditionalteachingmethods—with

lecturingdoneoutsideclasstimeandtutoring(or"homework”)duringit—is

whatMrKhancalls"theflip”.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

traditional

pedagogy點(diǎn)評(píng)：pedagogy是指"教育學(xué)”(thestudyofthemethodsandactivitiesofteaching),與"教學(xué)方法”不同.(2)

traditional

teachingapproach點(diǎn)評(píng)：traditional

teachingapproach應(yīng)該改為復(fù)數(shù)形式traditionalteaching

approaches

3-

cementthelinkcement作為名詞的含義是"水泥”,作為動(dòng)詞"加強(qiáng)、鞏固”的含義也就不難理解了.

詞典釋義：

[s?'ment]

verb

transitive

鞏固

tomakesomethingsuchasanagreementor

friendshipstronger

加強(qiáng),鞏固(協(xié)議或友誼)

?Theuniversity'sexchangeschemehas

cemented

itslinkswithmanyotheracademicinstitutions.這所大學(xué)的交流計(jì)劃加強(qiáng)了它與許多其他學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的聯(lián)系.

外刊例句：

JamesBondhas

donemorethananyonetocementthelinkbetweenmodernarchitectureandevil

masterminds–IanFlemingevennamedoneofhisbaddiesafterhisarchitect

neighbour,ErnoGoldfinger–butHollywoodingeneralhasdonethesame.(The

Guardian)

替換詞：strengthen/improve/foster

relationship/linkbetweenAandB

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

enhance

theties點(diǎn)評(píng)：一般說(shuō)法是strengthen

theties,沒(méi)有enhancetheties這個(gè)表達(dá).(2)

sharpen

teacher-studentrelation點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里存在兩處問(wèn)題.當(dāng)要談及人與人之間的關(guān)系時(shí),應(yīng)該說(shuō)arelationship,而不是arelation,Hehasavery

goodrelationwithhiscolleagues.

應(yīng)該改為

Hehasaverygood

relationship

withhiscolleagues.這里teacher-studentrelation應(yīng)該改為teacher-studentrelationship;relationship不能與sharpen搭配,這里可以改為strengthenteacher-student

relationship

4-interactionsinteraction除了指人與人之間的"交流”互動(dòng)外,還可以指相互聯(lián)系、相互影響、相互作用.

外刊例句：

Networkslike

TwitterandFacebookreducethecostofminor

interactions,whichleadstomoreminor

interactions.MrGladwellseesthisandnotestheriseinminorinteractions

betweenthousandsof

quasi-friends.Whathemissesisthatrepeatedminoractionsarealsothe

meansbywhichstrongerrelationshipsarekeptstrong.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

reaction點(diǎn)評(píng)：reaction含義是"(對(duì)事情的)反應(yīng)”,與"互動(dòng)”不同.

Q：請(qǐng)問(wèn)because之前的逗號(hào)是不是可用可不用都行?A：是的,但如果because后面的句子太長(zhǎng),前面可以使用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi).

Q：您好老師,請(qǐng)問(wèn)compare如果要使用在句子里的話,是comparing還是compared?放在句子的開(kāi)頭.A：看主語(yǔ)與compare的關(guān)系,屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系就用compared,舉個(gè)例子,Comparedtooursmallflat,

Bill’shouseseemedlikeapalace.這個(gè)句子可以還原為When

Bill’shouseiscomparedtooursmallflat,Bill’shouseseemedlikea

palace.此時(shí)Bill’s與compare是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該使用compared

Q：譯文中的becausetherearemore

interactions為什么是用名詞表示作為形容詞來(lái)說(shuō)不應(yīng)該是moreinteractive嗎?A：系動(dòng)詞be后可以接名詞,不是只能跟形容詞的,比如Iamastudent.

Q：incontrastto與incontrastwith是否可以互換?A：可以互換,可以查看朗文詞典contrast詞條的說(shuō)明.

Q：because和as有什么區(qū)別?A：as和

because都可以表示"因?yàn)椤?because最常用,往往用來(lái)回答以why開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句.as經(jīng)常用于書面語(yǔ)中,可以代替because引導(dǎo)原因從句.如：anoteaboutThe

NationalPortraitGallery,astheword‘Gallery’canbemisleading(對(duì)TheNationalPortrait

Gallery的注釋,因?yàn)镚allery一詞易產(chǎn)生歧義).

2.老師不僅要向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)和發(fā)展他們的學(xué)術(shù)技能,還要培養(yǎng)他們形成健康的人生觀.

Teachersshouldnotonly

impartknowledgetotheirstudentsand

developtheiracademicskills(1.發(fā)展學(xué)術(shù)技能),butalsohelpthem

shapeahealthyoutlookonlife(2.培養(yǎng)健康的人生觀).

1-

notonly...but

also...notonly...but

also...對(duì)應(yīng)"不僅……而且……”,使用時(shí)可以連接名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞短語(yǔ),也可以連接句子;also也可以省略.

例句：

Theworld’s

elitespeaksEnglish,souniversitiesaroundtheworldare

notonly

teachingEnglish,

but

increasingly,teachingin

English.(TheEconomist)

可供替換的表達(dá)：not

just

2-impart

knowledgeimpartAtoB意為"向A傳授B”

外刊例句：

Clearlylecture

basedlearningwastheonlywayto

impart

knowledge

ongroupsofstudents.Gutenberginventedmovabletypein1439.

Forthefirsttimethecreationofbooksbecamemechanised.Sixhundredyears

onweareintheageoflaptops,e-Books,digitalvideo,videoconferencing,

chatandtheglobalInternet.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

instruct

knowledge點(diǎn)評(píng)：當(dāng)instruct取"教授,指導(dǎo)”的含義時(shí),常見(jiàn)搭配是instructsomebodyinsomething,比如Greater

effortisneededtoinstructchildreninroadsafety.沒(méi)有instructknowledge的說(shuō)法.(2)

transfer

knowledge點(diǎn)評(píng)：transfer是"轉(zhuǎn)移;轉(zhuǎn)賬”的意思,沒(méi)有transferknowledge的說(shuō)法.

3-develop

academicskillsdevelop作為"培養(yǎng)、發(fā)展”強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程性,之前我們學(xué)習(xí)到develop

intelligence(開(kāi)發(fā)智力);academicskills是"學(xué)術(shù)技能”的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Peopleshould

developskills

thatcomplement,

ratherthancompetewithcomputers,suchasideagenerationandcomplex

communication.Policymakersshouldimprovebasiceducation,pourmoneyinto

infrastructureandbasicresearch,admitmoreskilledimmigrants,andshift

theburdenoftaxesfromwagestoconsumption.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：develop

scholasticskills/studyskills

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

develop

scienceskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有science

skills的說(shuō)法,這里可以改為academicskills(2)

develop

professionalskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：professional

skills是"專業(yè)技能”,與"學(xué)術(shù)技能”不同.(3)

develop

theacademicalskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有academical這個(gè)單詞,這里應(yīng)該改為academic

4-shapea

healthyoutlookonlifeshape作為動(dòng)詞"使形成”,既可以是形成某種形狀,也可以形成某種思想、觀念、信仰;outlookon是"對(duì)于……的觀念或態(tài)度”.

外刊例句：Havingthis

healthyoutlookonlife

isjustas

well,becauseinthiscareer-wreckingshambles,Stalloneappearstoconflate

hisownlifewiththatofhismostfamouson-screencharactertosuchan

extentyoucan'treallytellifit'sRockyorSlywhoisspoutingabouthow

heusedtobeacontender.(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達(dá)：have

apositiveattitudetolife

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

develop

ahealthyvalueviewoflife點(diǎn)評(píng)：value

view為生造表達(dá),這里可以改為outlook(2)

build/

establishahealthyphilosophyoflife點(diǎn)評(píng)：philosophy是指"人生哲理”,與outlook有所區(qū)別(3)

build

arightoutlookonlife點(diǎn)評(píng)：outlook一般不與build搭配,outlook的常見(jiàn)搭配為haveanoutlook/givesomebodyanoutlook/changesomebody’soutlook

Q：shall和

should除了時(shí)態(tài)有不同外,其他的區(qū)別在哪里?A：shall可以用于下達(dá)命令或者以第一人稱征求意見(jiàn),比如Youshalldropthatgun./ShallImakeyousomecoffee?should可以表示推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣,比如Sheshouldarrivesoon.(她應(yīng)該快要到了.)或者是表示"萬(wàn)一”,比如Shouldyourequirehelp,justask.(如果你需要幫助,盡管說(shuō))

Q：這里用cultivate作為培養(yǎng)的意思會(huì)不會(huì)比單純的用help使得句子更加多樣化呢.butalsoshouldcultivate

themtoshapeahealthyoutlookonlife.A：沒(méi)有cultivatesomebodytodo

something的表達(dá),這里不建議使用中文的思維直接去構(gòu)造句子,應(yīng)該按照英文的常見(jiàn)搭配來(lái).

Q：個(gè)人認(rèn)為用theresponsibilitiesofteachers

作主語(yǔ),比直接用teachers作主語(yǔ)更合適,想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)老師的看法.A：英文寫作應(yīng)該遵守簡(jiǎn)潔的原則,使用the

responsibilitiesofteachers作主語(yǔ)雖然在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)問(wèn)題,但還是不夠簡(jiǎn)潔,不推薦使用.

3.大學(xué)文憑不再是好工作的敲門磚——終身學(xué)習(xí)技能和人際交往技巧也是必備條件.Universitydegrees

(1.大學(xué)文憑)arenolonger

asteppingstoneto

(2.……的敲門磚)adecentjob–

lifelonglearningskills

(3.終身學(xué)習(xí)技能)and

interpersonalskills

(4.人際交往技巧)arealsorequired.

1-University

degrees由于這里泛指,用university

degrees或者auniversitydegree均可.

外刊例句：Isa

universitydegree

agoodinvestment?

Manypotentialstudentsareaskingthequestion,especiallyincountries

wherethepriceofadegreeisrising,asaresultoffallinggovernment

subsidies.

替換詞：a

collegediploma

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

college

certification點(diǎn)評(píng)：certification是指"證書”,比如教師證書,簽署證書等,與"文憑”不同.

2-astepping

stonetoasteppingstone本意是"墊腳石”,后跟to/towards.

詞典釋義：

aneventorexperiencethathelpsyou

achievesomethingelse

進(jìn)身之階;敲門磚,墊腳石;跳板?Iseethisjobjustasasteppingstone

to

betterthings.我只不過(guò)把這份工作當(dāng)作找到更好工作的墊腳石.

外刊例句Inrealityitis

adeadendthatthoseinterestedinbuildingastrongandgenuinemonetary

unionshoulduseas

asteppingstone

topromotearealbudgetfortheeuroareaandarevampofitseconomic

governance.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：an

entryticketto/apassportto/opensesame(A

universitydegreeisn’talwaysanopensesametoagoodjob.)

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

knocking

brick點(diǎn)評(píng)：中式表達(dá)

3-lifelong

learningskillslifelong

learning是"終身學(xué)習(xí)”的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Hepointstolow

crimeratesasevidenceoftheirsuperiorvaluesandinsiststhatintensive

Jewishstudiesatanearlyageinstill

lifelong

learningskills

thatallowharedimtoeasilypickupprofessionslaterin

life.(DailyMail)

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

perpetual

learningskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：perpetual

learningskills為生造表達(dá),這里應(yīng)該用lifelonglearningskills(2)

lifelong

studyskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：learn與study不同,study更加強(qiáng)調(diào)深入的學(xué)習(xí)、研究,這里應(yīng)該使用固定說(shuō)法lifelonglearningskills

4-interpersonal

skillsinter-意為"互相的、在……之間的”,常和communication、conflict、relationship、skill等名詞搭配使用.

詞典釋義：

interpersonalUK

[??n.t?'p?：.s?n.?l]

US

[-t??'p?：-]

adjective

connectedwithrelationshipsbetweenpeople

人際的?Thesuccessfulapplicantwillhave

excellent

interpersonal

skills.成功的申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)具有出色的人際交往技巧.

外刊例句：

Overthenext

fewdecadesdemandinthetoplayerofthelabourmarketmaywellcentreon

individualswithhighabstractreasoning,creative,and

interpersonalskills

thatarebeyondmostworkers,including

graduates.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：social

skills/theabilitytogetalongwithothers

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

interpersonal

communicationskills點(diǎn)評(píng)：interpersonal

skills本身已經(jīng)包含有communication的含義,因此不用重復(fù)用詞.

Q：degree和diploma感覺(jué)二者應(yīng)該也可以互換,另外不明白為什么要用復(fù)數(shù),是因?yàn)橐硎菊w?A：這里使用auniversitydegree或者acollegediploma都可以.使用復(fù)數(shù)是因?yàn)閐egree是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不能單獨(dú)使用,必須使用復(fù)數(shù)形式或者加限定詞.

4.各地區(qū)的教學(xué)水準(zhǔn)差異很大,來(lái)自落后地區(qū)的學(xué)生可能很難跟上他們?cè)诔鞘械耐g人.Educationalstandards(1.教學(xué)水準(zhǔn))

varywidely

(2.差異很大)fromoneregiontoanother,andstudentsfrom

backwardareas

(3.落后地區(qū))mightstruggleto

catchupwith

(4.跟上)theirpeersinthecity.

1-Educational

standardsstandard除了常見(jiàn)的作為參考的"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的含義,也有"水平、質(zhì)量”的含義.

外刊例句：

TheCommonCore

educationalstandards

havebecomeso

politicallyfraughtthatitiseasytoforgetwhysomanystatesdecidedto

adopttheminthefirstplace.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：the

quality/calibreofteaching

2-varywidelyvarywidely后邊跟"地點(diǎn)”時(shí),介詞常為across/between/from

AtoA/fromoneAtoanother

外刊例句：

Attitudesto

e-cigarettes,andthedegreeofregulationtheyface,

varywidely

fromonecountrytoanother.AustriaandNewZealand

classifythemasmedicaldevicesandrestricttheirsale;Australia,Brazil,

LebanonandSingaporehavebannedthemoutright.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：varyto

alargedegree/considerably/greatly

3-backward

areasbackward：notadvanced落后的

詞典釋義：

backwardUK

['b?k.w?d]

US

[-w?d]

adjective

遲緩

notadvanced

落后的;遲緩的;愚鈍的

?Whenhewasachild,histeachersthought

hewas

backward

(=unabletolearnasmuchasmostchildren).小時(shí)候,老師認(rèn)為他愚笨遲鈍.?Peoplestillthinkofitasa

backward

country/region/area(=onewithoutindustryormodernmachines).人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為這是一個(gè)落后的國(guó)家／地區(qū).

外刊例句：

Debatehas

startedtoemergeinChinaaboutwhetherthepartyhasbeenusingtheright

methodstobringprosperityto

backward

provinces.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：undeveloped

/poorareas

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

behindhand

region點(diǎn)評(píng)：behindhand是指"拖欠,拖拉”,不能用來(lái)形容地區(qū).

4-catchupwithcatchupwith可以表示在質(zhì)量、水平方面趕上、超越.

詞典釋義：

toreachthesamequalityorstandardas

someoneorsomethingelse

達(dá)到同樣品質(zhì)(或水準(zhǔn));趕上?WillWesternindustryever

catch

up

with

Japaneseinnovations?

西方國(guó)家的工業(yè)會(huì)趕上日本的創(chuàng)新嗎??Hewasoffschoolforawhileandis

find