（高考英語作文煉句）第9篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE1盡管年輕人能夠相信他們的教科書是正確無誤的,但還是要在年輕時培養(yǎng)他們區(qū)分真實信息和虛假信息,事實與偽事實的認(rèn)知能力.Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual(1.正確無誤的),the

cognitiveskills

(2.認(rèn)知能力)neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation(3.區(qū)分真實信息和虛假信息),and

factfromfiction(4.區(qū)分事實與偽事實),shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

1-accurateandfactual

詞典釋義：accurate['?k.j?.r?t]

adjective

IMPROVER

■correct,exactandwithoutanymistakes

準(zhǔn)確的;精確的;正確的?an

accurate

machine精密的機(jī)器?an

accurate

description準(zhǔn)確的描述?Thefigurestheyhaveusedarejustnot

accurate.他們引用的數(shù)字太不準(zhǔn)確.?Hernovelisan

accurate

reflectionoflifein

post-warSpain.她的小說是戰(zhàn)后西班牙生活的真實寫照.?Wehopetobecomemore

accurate

in

predicting

earthquakes.我們希望能更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測地震.factual['f?k.tj??l]

adjective

■usingorconsistingoffacts

事實的;真實的?Shegaveaclear,

factual

accountoftheattack.她如實地清晰陳述了遇襲經(jīng)過.

外刊例句：Idomyjobonthebasisoffactsanddataandresearchand

analysisandoperationalplanning,andoffthebackofthatIwillgive

answersthatare

accurateandfactual

-notthrowawaylinesininterviews,factualanswers.(TheGuardian)我基于事實、數(shù)據(jù)、調(diào)查、分析和作業(yè)計劃來完成工作,并且,我在此之后會做出精確且真實的回答,這并非采訪中的順口開河之言,而真的是肺腑之言.

替換表達(dá)：precise/correct/true

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

flawless點評：flawless含義是"無缺點的,完美的”,用在此處不合適.(2)

correctandwithoutmistakes點評：correct本身已經(jīng)包含withoutmistakes的含義,這里不用重復(fù)用詞.

2-cognitiveskills

詞典釋義：cognitiveUK

['k?g.n?.t?v]

US

['kɑ：g.n?.t??v]

specialized

adjective

[beforenoun]

■connectedwiththinkingorconsciousmentalprocesses

感知的;認(rèn)知的;認(rèn)識力的?Someofher

cognitive

functions

havebeen

impaired.她的部分認(rèn)知能力受到了損害.?cognitive

behaviour/development認(rèn)知行為／認(rèn)知發(fā)展?cognitive

therapy/psychology認(rèn)知療法／心理學(xué)

外刊例句：Inaworldinwhichthatwerepossible,some

cognitiveskills

wouldbecome

relativelymoreimportant—asortofarchivistsawarenessofpotentially

unknownorunderappreciateddatasources,forinstance,orasimpleability

toaskinterestingquestions.

()在那(概念)能實現(xiàn)的世界里,某些認(rèn)知能力將相對地變得更為重要——比如說某種收集型感知能力,能感知到那些也許尚無人知曉或遭人忽視的數(shù)據(jù)來源,又或者是懂得提問有趣問題,這種簡單的能力.

替換表達(dá)：cognitiveability

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

abilitytorecognize點評：recognize含義是"認(rèn)識;承認(rèn)”,與"認(rèn)知”含義不同.(2)

thesenseofcognitive點評：搭配不當(dāng),senseof后面一般接名詞,而cognitive是形容詞.

3-differentiateinformationfrommisinformationdifferentiate后跟betweenAandB、或者AfromB.

詞典釋義：differentiate[?d?f.?'ren.t?i.e?t]

verb

FINDDIFFERENCE

區(qū)別

intransitive

or

transitive

■toshoworfindthedifferencebetweenthingswhichare

compared

區(qū)別,分清,辨別?Wedonot

differentiate

between

ourworkers

onthebasisoftheirbackgroundorethnicorigin.我們不會因工人的背景或種族不同而區(qū)別對待.

misinformationUK

[?m?s.?n.f?'me?.??n]

US

[-f?-]

noun

uncountable

■whenpeoplearemisinformed

錯誤的資訊?There'salotof

misinformation

about

AIDS

thatneedstobecorrected.有許多關(guān)于愛滋病的錯誤資訊,亟待更正.■informationintendedtodeceive

假消息?Hiselectioncampaignwasbasedon

misinformation

about

therivalcandidates.他的競選活動是根據(jù)有關(guān)對手候選人的假消息進(jìn)行的.

外刊例句：IsGreecereallydowntoitslast€600m?Couldthecountry

gobustinthenextcoupleofweeks,asfinanceministerYanisVaroufakis

suggests?It’simpossibletoknow.Sifting

informationfrommisinformation

isamug’sgamewhenbothsides

inanegotiationareengagedinbrinkmanship.

()希臘真的只剩下最后6億歐元嗎?希臘真的會像其財政部長葉尼斯·瓦爾法科斯所想那樣,在未來數(shù)周內(nèi)破產(chǎn)嗎?答案無從知曉.談判雙方都聚焦在冒險政策上,只有傻瓜才會在這時去分辨信息真?zhèn)?

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)disguisetruenewsfromfakenews點評：disguise含義是"假扮;掩蓋”,這里不能將disguise與distinguish(分辨)混淆.Truenewsfromfakenews可以改為truefromfalse,即distinguishtruefrom

false(2)tellthetrueinformationfromthefalse

ones點評：information是不可數(shù)名詞,后面不可以用ones來指代.這里可以改為tellinformationfrommisinformation(3)

discriminatefactualinformationandfictitiousone點評：當(dāng)discriminate取"區(qū)別,辨別”的含義時,常見搭配為discriminate

somethingfromsomething,例如：theprocessoflearning

todiscriminatefactfromopinion學(xué)會區(qū)別事實和觀點的過程原句應(yīng)該改為discriminatefactualinformationfromfictitiousone

4-factfromfiction

fiction詞典釋義：countable

or

uncountable

■afalsereportor

statementwhichyoupretendistrue

虛構(gòu)的事;謊言

?[+

that]Atworkshekeptup

the

fiction

that

shehadauniversitydegree.工作時,她一直謊稱自己有大學(xué)學(xué)歷.?Whenhe'stellingyousomething,youneverknowwhat's

factandwhat's

fiction.他向你敘事時,你永遠(yuǎn)都不知道哪些是事實,哪些是杜撰的.

外刊例句：Separating

factfrom

fiction

usedtobearelativelystraightforwardtask.Thencame"fake

news”.Inrecentyearstheadventofsocialmediahasmadeitfareasierto

spreadliesaboutcurrenteventsonline,benefitingbothshadowypolitical

actorsadvancingagendasandunscrupulousentrepreneurshopingtoreap

advertisingrevenues.

()在以前,分辨事實真?zhèn)问欠菹鄬唵蔚墓ぷ?隨后,"虛假新聞”出現(xiàn)了.近年來,隨著社交媒體誕生,在網(wǎng)上散布虛假新聞變得容易多了,這既方便了那些身份不明的政治參與者推動政治議程,也讓那些欲賺取廣告收入的騙子公司獲利了.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

truthfromlie點評：lie使用不當(dāng),這里可以改為untruth(2)

factsandfakefacts點評：沒有fakefacts的說法,應(yīng)該改為factandfiction(3)

factandforgedfact點評：forged含義是"偽造的”,這里用詞不當(dāng).(4)atruthfromanuntruth點評：truth以及untruth都是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不用加a,這里可以改為truthanduntruth

Q：1.認(rèn)知能力,柯林斯英英中skill當(dāng)ability能力講是不可數(shù)的,是不是應(yīng)該用cognitiveskill?看起來ability更合語境,用cognitiveability是否更恰當(dāng)?A：當(dāng)skill表示"能力”這個抽象概念時是不可數(shù)名詞,比如：I

admiredtheskillanddedicationofthenursingstaff.

當(dāng)skill表示某一種具體的能力時是可數(shù)名詞,比如academic/technical/practical

skills,而認(rèn)知能力屬于這些具體能力中的一種,因此應(yīng)該用cognitiveskills

這里也可以用cognitiveability,比如BBC例句：Thefiguressuggestthatthe

cognitive

ability

ofthoseworkingabout60hoursaweekcanbelowerthanthose

whoarenotemployed.

Q：這里為什么要用need?還請老師指正.A：這里需要分析一下句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Thecognitiveskillsneededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction,should

bedevelopedatayoungage.句子的主干是Thecognitive

skillsshouldbedevelopedatayoungage.而neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction這部分作為后置定語修飾thecognitiveskills,相當(dāng)于Thecognitive

skills,whichareneededtodifferentiateinformationfrommisinformation,

andfactfromfiction,shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

Q：Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual不明白這里為什么要用tobe?A：這里是因為trust的一個固定搭配,trust

somebody/somethingtodosomething,所以有trusttheir

textbookstobeaccurateandfactual

Q：atayoungage這里可以用定冠詞嗎?區(qū)分事實與偽事實factfromfiction：為什么這里沒有冠詞?A：atayoungage是一個固定說法,不能改為at

theyoungage;fact以及fiction都是不可數(shù)名詞,加上定冠詞就變成了特指,而這里應(yīng)該用泛指,所以不能加冠詞.2.一個健康的教育不止包含對事實和數(shù)據(jù)的記憶.學(xué)生學(xué)會如何提問,如何分析,如何學(xué)習(xí)也同樣重要.Ahealthyeducation

(1.健康的教育)consistsof

(2.包含)morethan

thememorizationoffactsanddata(3.對事實和數(shù)據(jù)的記憶).

Itisequallyimportantthat

(4.同等重要的一點是……)studentslearnhowto

question,analyzeandinquire(5.提問、分析和調(diào)查).

1-Ahealthyeducation這里的健康,指的是合適的、對以后有益的.

詞典釋義：healthy

●●●○○6.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

明智的;聰明的;合理的

Ifyouhavea

healthy

attitudeaboutsomething,youshowgoodsense.

【搭配模式】：oftitv-linkADJto-inf?Shehasarefreshingly

healthy

attitudetowork...她對工作持一種明智態(tài)度,令人耳目一新.

?It'svery

healthy

tobeafraidwhenthere'ssomethingtobe

afraidof.不逞匹夫之勇是很明智的.

外刊例句：Despitetheevidencefromsuchstudiesthereisstill,

accordingtoMoore,"ananxietythatchildrenaren’tgoingtobereadytofit

intotheeconomybecausetheydon’tdocomputersattheageoffour–whereas

ifyougivethem

ahealthyeducation

andchildhood,theycancatchupveryeasily”.(TheGuardian)據(jù)穆爾所說,盡管有這些研究顯示的證據(jù),仍有這么一種焦慮存在著,即兒童會因為在四歲時未能接觸到電腦而無法對經(jīng)濟(jì)制度做好適應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備——其實,如果給兒童提供健康的教育和童年,他們一樣能很快地適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)awholesomeeducation點評：wholesome一般指"有益健康的”,用在這里不妥.(2)theexcellenteducation點評：這里education是泛指,定冠詞the應(yīng)該改為a,excellent沒有突出"健康”的含義,可以改為healthy.(3)well-balancededucation點評：well-balanced是指"均衡良好的”,沒有突出"健康”的含義,此外,前面應(yīng)該加冠詞a

2-consistsof注意consistof和contain、include不同,consistof后跟的是全部組成成分,contain、include后跟的是部分組成成分.

詞典釋義：consist

●●●○○1.VERB

動詞

由…組成;由…構(gòu)成

Somethingthat

consists

of

particularthingsorpeopleisformedfrom

them.

【語法信息】：Vofn/-ing?Breakfast

consistedofporridgeservedwithbutter.早餐是麥片粥配佐餐黃油.?Hercrew

consistedofchildrenfromDevonandCornwall.她的團(tuán)隊由來自德文郡和康沃爾郡的孩子們組成.

外刊例句：Ofalltheproductstocopy,however,acarissurelythe

mostcomplicated.Cars

consistof

around6,000preciselymanufacturedcomponentsmadefromarangeofdifferent

materials.

()然而,汽車在眾多要復(fù)制的產(chǎn)品中,肯定是最復(fù)雜的.汽車由大約6000個精密制作的部件構(gòu)成,而且它們又由各種金屬物質(zhì)制成.

替換表達(dá)：bemadeupof/becomposedof/becomprisedof

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

about點評：about是"關(guān)于,有關(guān)”的含義,與"包含”不同.

3-thememorizationoffactsanddatamemorization指記憶的行為或過程,memory指記憶力或被記住的事情.

外刊例句：

Whereasforme,therealvalueofathink-tankshouldbeto

promotenewandinterestingideas,ortoharnessspecialexpertisetobring

somereallycrunchy

factsanddata

toBrusselspolicydebates.

(TheEconomist)但是對于我而言,智庫的真正價值該在于提出有趣且新穎的想法,或者是用其獨特的專業(yè)知識把某些事實和數(shù)據(jù)"干貨”,帶到歐盟的政治辯論中.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)thememoryoffactsanddata點評：memory是指"記憶力”,這里應(yīng)該要用memorization,強(qiáng)調(diào)記憶的行為或過程.(2)thememoryoffactsanddatas點評：data本身就是復(fù)數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)形式是datum),沒有datas的說法.此外,這里memory要改為memorization,強(qiáng)調(diào)記憶的行為或過程.(2)

remembranceoftruthanddata點評：remembrance是指"回憶;紀(jì)念”,這里應(yīng)該改為memorization,此外truthanddata要改為factsanddata

4-Itisequallyimportantthat此句型中,It為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句.

詞典釋義：equally['i：.kw?.li]

adverb

ESSENTIAL

■fairlyandinthesameway

平等地…;相同地…?Inanidealworld,wouldeveryonegettreated

equally?在理想世界里,每個人都會得到平等待遇嗎?■inequalamounts

平均;均等

?Theinheritancemoneywas

shared

equally

amongthethreesisters.遺產(chǎn)的錢由三姐妹均分.■tothesamedegree

同樣地;相等地;相同地;均等地

?Youlooked

equally

niceinbothdresses.這兩件連衣裙你穿哪件都一樣漂亮.■usedforaddinganideathatisasimportantaswhatyou

havejustsaid

同樣地…(用于加入一個與前面所說內(nèi)容同樣重要的觀點)

?Notallbusinessesarelegitimate.

Equally,notall

customersarehonesteither.不是所有的生意都是合法的.同樣地,不是所有的顧客都是誠實的.

外刊例句：ButwhilewevigorouslyopposetheRepublicanplan,

itisequallyimportantthat

wefight

forahealthcaresystemthataddressestherealneedsoftheAmericanpeople,

includingmillionsofAmericanswholackaccesstogoodqualityprimarycare.

(TheGuardian)然而我們激烈反對共和黨的計劃的同時,我們也是在捍衛(wèi)這個醫(yī)療保障系統(tǒng),其真正解決了美國人民的需求,其中有數(shù)百萬人尚無法獲得優(yōu)良的初級保健護(hù)理.

替換表達(dá)：itisalsoimportantthat

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

it'sthesameimportant點評：中式表達(dá).這里可以改為itisalsoimportantthat

5-question,analyzeandinquire每個并列的部分選取相同的結(jié)構(gòu),既美觀也便于做到精確,比如這里給出的是三個動詞并列,也可以采用動賓短語并列或者名詞并列.

詞典釋義：question

●●●●●2.VERB

動詞

向…提出問題;詢問;盤問

If

you

question

someone,youaskthemalotofquestionsaboutsomething.

【語法信息】：Vn?Thisledthetherapistto

question

Jimabouthisparentsandtheirmarriage...這讓治療專家問起了吉姆有關(guān)他父母及他們婚姻的情況.

?Amanisbeing

questioned

bypoliceinconnectionwithanattackonadisabledwoman.警方正在詢問一名涉嫌襲擊一位殘疾女性的男子.

analyseUK

(ALSOUSanalyze)['?n.?l.a?z]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tostudyorexaminesomethingindetail,inorderto

discovermoreaboutit

分析?Researchers

analysed

thepurchasesof6300

households.研究人員對6300個家庭的購物消費(fèi)作了分析.?Watersamplestakenfromstreamswere

analysed

for

contaminationbychemicals.對水質(zhì)樣本進(jìn)行分析,來測定溪流是否已受到化學(xué)品的污染.

inquire

●●○○○2.VERB

動詞

調(diào)查;查究

Ifyou

inquireinto

something,you

investigateitcarefully.

【語法信息】：Vinton/wh?Inspectorswereappointedto

inquire

intotheaffairsofthecompany.督查員受委派調(diào)查該公司的事務(wù).

外刊例句：MychildhoodwasspentinIndiaatatimewhenthe

unforgivingAsianmodelwasinfullswing.Nothingyoudidwasgoodenough.

Infact,everysingleoneofmyreportcards,whetherIcamefirstinclass

ortenth,screamed,"Candobetter!".Conceptslikeperseverance

andemotionalwelfarewerenon-existent.Ithinkthatasaresult,myearly

educationhinderedmycapacitytoreflect,analyseand

inquire.(TheGuardian)我在印度度過了童年,那時,毫不寬容的亞洲教育模式尚處頂峰.無論學(xué)生做得多好都不會覺得夠好的.事實上,在我的每一張匯報卡片上,無論我是第一個到學(xué)校還是第十個到學(xué)校,這些卡片都會寫著"還能做得更好!”.堅持不懈或情感福利等概念并不存在.在我看來,這樣的結(jié)果就是,早期教育阻礙了我培養(yǎng)出諸如反思、分析和探索等能力.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

howtoquestion,analysisandstudy點評：analysis是名詞,這里應(yīng)該改為動詞analyse/analyze,與其他動詞保持一致.(2)

howtoaskquestions,howtoanalyze,howtolearn點評：question可以作為不及物動詞,表示"質(zhì)疑”,這里howtoask

questions應(yīng)該改為howtoquestion以便與后面的結(jié)構(gòu)保持統(tǒng)一.(3)

howtheyraisequestions,makeanalysisandlearn

knowledge點評：learnknowledge是中式表達(dá),應(yīng)該改為acquireknowledge

Q：memorization和memory的區(qū)別?是不是memorization有點包含記憶的動作的意思?而memory表示記憶的結(jié)果?A：是的,memorization表示記憶的行為和過程,memory指"記憶力;回憶”.

Q：請問老師andbeyond怎么用,我上網(wǎng)查到說該詞組常置于時間狀語之后,但曾經(jīng)做翻譯練習(xí)時見過theworldandbeyondA：andbeyond可以置于時間、地點等狀語之后,比如朗文詞典例句：Therepercussionswillbefeltthroughouttheindustryandbeyond

(=inotherareas).影響將波及整個產(chǎn)業(yè)及其他領(lǐng)域.

Q：1)"同樣重要”這個句型可不可以說itmatters

equallythat...2)為什么education

前面可以加a?(ahealthyeducation)

A：1)itmattersequallythat這一說法比較少見,不建議使用

2)education是單數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞,這個時候是可以加a的,可以查詢朗文詞典中的education詞條,看到更多例句.

3.學(xué)習(xí)外語的學(xué)生會留意到參與討論比看電影和看電視節(jié)目會產(chǎn)生更好、更長久的效果,因為前者是高度互動的體驗,而后者至多只是一種被動學(xué)習(xí)的模式.Studentswhohavestudiedaforeignlanguagewill

notethat

(1.留意到)participatinginaconversation

producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

(2.產(chǎn)生更好以及長久的效果)thanwatchingamovieorTVshow,because

theformer(3.前者)is

ahighlyinteractiveexperience(4.高度互動的體驗),whilethelatterprovidesonly

apassivemodeoflearning(5.一種被動學(xué)習(xí)的模式)

atbest(6.至多).

1-note

詞典釋義：noteUK

[n??t]

US

[no?t]

verb

transitive

slightly

formal

ADVANCED

■tonoticesomething

留意,注意

?They

noted

theconsumers'growingdemandfor

quickerservice.他們留意到消費(fèi)者對便捷服務(wù)與日俱增的需求.?[+(that)]Please

note

(that)

wewill

beclosedonSaturday.請注意我們周六不營業(yè).?[+questionword]

Note

how

easyitisto

releasethecatchquickly.注意看,迅速拉開插銷有多么容易.

例句：Japaneseexpressionsofregretandatonementarefinely

tunedtothecircumstances.Sostudentsofetiquettewerequickto

note

thattheapologyissuedbySony

onTuesdayOctober24th,formanufacturingoccasionallyinflammablelaptop

batteries,waslessthanwholehearted.()日本人表達(dá)悔過和歉意時十分講究語境.所以,學(xué)習(xí)委婉語的學(xué)生很快就注意到,日本索尼公司在10月24日周四為其生產(chǎn)的可能自燃的手提電腦電池做出了道歉,但這道歉并不誠懇.

替換表達(dá)：notice

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

recognise點評：recognise的含義是"認(rèn)出(某人或某事);承認(rèn)(某事實)”,不可以用來表示"留意”.

2-producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

詞典釋義：long-lastingUK

[?l??'lɑ：.st??]

US

[?lɑ：?'l?s.t??]

adjective

■continuingforalongperiodoftime

持續(xù)很久的,持久的?a

long-lasting

friendship持久的友誼

外刊例句：ThejailingoftheheroineoftheOrangeRevolutionof

2004,andthememoryofthedisastrousfailureofthepro-westernand

pro-democracyuprisingtodeliver

long

lastingresults

hasleftmillionsofUkrainiansdisillusionedwith

politicsandpoliticians.

()2004橙色革命的英雄遭受監(jiān)禁,而這場意味深遠(yuǎn)的支持西方民主的革命慘遭失敗的記憶也仍殘留在數(shù)百萬烏克蘭民眾的記憶中,他們也因此對政治和政客不再心存幻想.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

prolongedandprofoundeffects點評：prolonged一般指疾病、干旱、戰(zhàn)爭等現(xiàn)象持續(xù)很長時間,不能用來修飾effects,這里可以改為long-lastingeffects(2)

hasbetterandlongereffect點評：effect是可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)該改為effects,一般不用longer來修飾effect,可以改為long-lasting(3)

betterandmorelastingeffects點評：morelasting應(yīng)該改為long-lasting

3-theformertheformer和thelatter相對.另外,the

former作為"前者”的含義時,由于前文必然提到這兩者的具體內(nèi)容,所以需要加定冠詞the表示特指.

詞典釋義：UK

['f?：.m?r]

US

['f?：r.m?]

noun

onlysingular

theformer

ADVANCED

■thefirstoftwo

people,thingsorgroupspreviouslymentioned

前者,前一個

?Ofthetwosuggestions,Ipreferthe

former.這兩個建議中,我更喜歡前一個.

外刊例句：Itismoreelegantthantheothertwomainformsofsetting

afee：hagglingandmenupricing.

The

former

isinefficientbecausethesellermightnotbenegotiatingwith

thepersonpreparedtopaythemost.

The

latter

willbeinefficientunlessthesellerhasexhaustiveknowledgeof

thesupplyanddemandconditionsandcanquicklyadjusthisprices

accordingly.

()這要巧妙過其它兩種標(biāo)價的方式——討價還價式與菜單標(biāo)價式.前者效率低,因為商販可能不是在與真正能出最高價格的人協(xié)商價錢,而后者的話,除非商販能徹底把握整個供給市場情況且能相應(yīng)地迅速調(diào)整價格,否則后者也是低效率.

4-ahighlyinteractiveexperience

詞典釋義：interactiveUK

[??n.t?'r?k.t?v]

US

[-t??-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■describesasystemorcomputerprogramwhichisdesigned

toinvolvetheuserintheexchangeofinformation

交互的,人機(jī)對話的,互動的?an

interactive

game/video互動式游戲／視訊?Thisisan

interactive

museumwherechildrencan

activelymanipulatetheexhibits.這是一個互動式博物館,孩子可以親手?jǐn)[弄展品.

IMPROVER

■involvingcommunicationbetweenpeople

互動的?interactive

teachingmethods互動式教學(xué)法

外刊例句：Thefirm’suseofopeninnovationisalsodistinctive.

UnlikeApple’sdictatorialoperatingsystem,Xiaomi’suserinterface,MIUI,

is

highlyinteractive.()小米公司在開放式創(chuàng)新的應(yīng)用方面也獨樹一格.小米公司的用戶交互界面(MIUI)與蘋果公司獨裁式的操作系統(tǒng)不同,互動性非常高.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

extremelyinteractiveexperience點評：experience是可數(shù)名詞,前面應(yīng)該加冠詞,即anextremely

interactiveexperience

5-apassivemodeoflearning

詞典釋義：passive['p?s.?v]

adjective

BEHAVIOUR

行為

oftendisapproving

■notactingtoinfluenceorchangeasituation;allowing

otherpeopletobeincontrol

被動的,消極的;順從的

?He'svery

passive

intherelationship.他在這段關(guān)系中非常被動.?Menhavealwaysplayedanactivepartinleadingworship

whilewomenhavebeenconfinedtomore

passive

roles.男性在宗教崇拜方面一直起著主導(dǎo)作用,而女性則一直被局限于較被動的角色.

modeUK

[m??d]

US

[mo?d]

noun

WAY

方式

ADVANCED

countable

slightly

formal

■awayofoperating,livingorbehaving

方法;做法;方式?Eachdepartmentinthecompanyhasitsown

mode

of

operationandnoneofthemarecompatible.這家公司的每一個部門都有自己的運(yùn)作方式,互不相容.?Railwaysarethemostimportant

mode

of

transportfortheeconomy.鐵路對經(jīng)濟(jì)而言是最重要的運(yùn)輸方式.

6-atbest

詞典釋義：atbest

■evenwhen

consideredinthemostpositiveway

最多,充其量

?Thefoodwasblandat

best,andatworst

completelyinedible.這種食物往好方的面說,是清淡無味,往差方面說,則根本就不能吃.

外刊例句：ThereisnoequivalencebetweentheAmericanandChinese

economies.Capital,peopleandideasstillflowfreelyintoandoutof

America;China’srelationshipswiththeoutsideworldaresemi-permeable

atbest.

()中美經(jīng)濟(jì)體并無相同之處.資本、人才和想法在美國任意流動,而中國與世界的聯(lián)系最多也只能稱為"半流通”.

替換表達(dá)：atmost

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)morethan點評：morethan是"超過”的意思,與atbest(至多)含義不同.

Q：學(xué)習(xí)外語的學(xué)生能否翻譯成Languageschoolstudents?這樣句型更簡潔可以嗎.A：不可以.Languageschoolstudents是指"語言學(xué)校的學(xué)生”,這個范圍要比"學(xué)習(xí)外語的學(xué)生”窄.

Q：至多atbest：我沒有翻譯出來這個意思,例句的說法我也不是很熟悉A：可以查詢詞典atbest這個詞條,學(xué)習(xí)更多例句.

Q：Studentslearningaforeignlanguage可以這樣用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時嗎?A：這里不是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,learningaforeignlanguage是現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語修飾students,相當(dāng)于studentswhoarelearninga

foreignlanguage

Q：被動的學(xué)習(xí)apassivemodeoflearning是否可以翻譯成passivelearning,passive不能直接修飾learning嗎?A：被動學(xué)習(xí)可以翻譯為passivelearning,不過它與apassivemodeoflearning略有不同,apassive

modeoflearning是指"一種被動學(xué)習(xí)的模式”.

【while表示對比】while還可以引入從句表示另一件事作為對比.【例如】I'mCatholic,whileDebbieisJewish.我是天主教徒,黛比則是猶太教徒.

這個對比,同when引入的對比不同.when引入的對比是彼此相反的強(qiáng)烈對比,while則只是表示兩者的不同,不強(qiáng)調(diào)相反;而且when往往談同一件事本身包含的自相矛盾,while則往往談兩件事的差異(中文常用"則”字).試比較：HowcanI

evergetajobinAmericawhen(*while)Ican'tevenspeakEnglish?我連英語都不會說,又怎么能夠在美國找到工作呢?/Howsillywearetositaroundinsidewhen(*while)outsideit

issolovely.外面這么好,咱們呆在屋里多么笨./Fredgambledhis

moneyawaywhile(*when)Juliaspenthersallondressesandbric-a-brac.弗雷德把自己的錢賭博賭掉,朱麗亞則把錢花在衣服和擺設(shè)上./Geographically,theUKisontheperipheryofEurope,while

(*when)Parisisattheheartofthecontinent.從地理上說,英國位于歐洲的邊沿,而巴黎則是在大陸的中心.

4.電子詞典的使用要比傳統(tǒng)詞典容易得多.與其需要快速翻閱數(shù)頁以查找正確的頁碼和正確的詞條,電子詞典的使用者只需要輸入這個單詞,然后單詞的含義馬上就會出現(xiàn)在屏幕上.Electronicdictionaries

(1.電子詞典)aremucheasiertousethantraditionaldictionaries.Insteadofhavingto

leafthrough(2.快速翻閱)severalpagesand

scandown

(3.查找)thecorrectpagetofindaparticular

entry(4.詞條),electronicdictionaryusersneedonlytypeintheword,anditsdefinitionwillimmediatelyappearonthescreen.

1-electronicdictionaries

詞典釋義：electronicUK

[??lek'tr?n.?k]

US

[-'trɑ：.n?k]

adjective

ELECTRICAL

電的

ESSENTIAL

■(especiallyofequipment),using,basedonorusedina

systemofoperationwhichinvolvesthecontrolofelectriccurrentbyvarious

devices

(尤指設(shè)備)使用電子器件的,電子的?an

electronic

keyboard/game電子鍵盤／游戲?electronic

components/devices電子元件／設(shè)備

外刊例句：Andthepointsinfavorof

electronicdictionaries

areevenmorecompellingthanthecase

againstprintedones.Hyperlinksallowforquicklearningaboutrelated

items.Audiopronunciationsbeatouttranscriptionsinobscureformats.

Photosandevenvideosareasnaptoinclude.Blogsandothermeta-content

enrichtheexperience.

()而且,支持電子詞典的觀點可以說比反對紙質(zhì)詞典的還能人心悅誠服.超鏈接讓使用者可以快速查找相關(guān)信息.音頻發(fā)音遠(yuǎn)勝難懂的標(biāo)音范式.要把圖片甚至是視頻納入詞條也輕而易舉.博客和其他多媒體內(nèi)容也豐富了查詞的體驗.

替換表達(dá)：digitaldictionaries/e-dictionaries

2-leafthrough

詞典釋義：[li：f]

verb

Phrasal

Verbs

leafthroughsth

■toquicklyturn

thepagesofabookoramagazine,readingonlyalittleofit

瀏覽,粗看,略讀?Thewaitingroomwasfullofpeople

leafing

throughmagazines.等候室里到處都是人,都在翻看雜志.

外刊例句：Researchersarefarmorelikelytousekeywordsearchesin

Googletofindpapersrelevanttotheirworkthanto

leafthrough

printedjournals.

()研究者更慣于在谷歌上利用關(guān)鍵字搜索與他們研究相關(guān)的論文,而不是瀏覽出版刊物.

替換表達(dá)：lookthrough/flipthrough/thumbthrough

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)lookover/flipover點評：lookover/flipover含義是"翻頁;換磁帶”,例如：You

mayturnoveryourexampapersnow.這與"快速翻閱”不同.(2)browsethrough點評：browsethrough是指"隨意翻看,隨意瀏覽(不一定帶有查找信息的目的)”,而leafthrough一般指快速翻看書籍以查找信息,兩者不可互換.

3-scandown詞典釋義：scan

●●○○○2.VERB

動詞

細(xì)看;察看;審視;端詳

Whenyou

scan

aplaceorgroupofpeople,youlookatitcarefully,usually

becauseyouarelookingforsomethingorsomeone.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vnforn

【語法信息】：Vprep

【搭配模式】：nopassive?Theofficer

scannedtheroom...那名警官仔細(xì)檢查了房間.

?Shewasnervousandkept

scanning

thecrowdforPaul...她很緊張,眼睛不停地在人群中搜尋保羅.

?Heraisedthebinocularstohiseyeagain,

scanningacrossthescene.他再一次把雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡舉到眼前,仔細(xì)觀察整個現(xiàn)場.

外刊例句：Scandown

theBrookingslist,andthatislessthantheseventhmost-costlySenaterace(Arkansas),

whichcost$56.3m,or$26.47perArkansasvoter.Sotheseventhcostliest

Senateracecostmorethantheentire2010generalelectioninBritain.

()細(xì)看查找一下布魯金斯學(xué)會的統(tǒng)計表,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),這比阿肯色州參議員選舉還花的少,該選舉在花費(fèi)最多的參議員選舉中位列第七,耗資5630萬美元,每位阿肯色州選民分推26.47美元.也就是說,第七花費(fèi)多的參議員選舉都比整個英國2010年大選耗費(fèi)更多.

4-aparticularentry

詞典釋義：entry['en.tri]

noun

INFORMATION

資訊

IMPROVER

countable

■aseparatepieceofinformationthatisrecordedina

book,computer,etc.

項目;條目;(一則)記錄?They'veupdatedalotofthe

entries

inthemost

recenteditionoftheencyclopaedia.在最新版百科全書中他們更新了很多條目.?Ashisillnessprogressed,he

made

fewer

entries

inhisdiary.隨著病情加重,他日記記得越來越少.

外刊例句：TheconstructionhasnotyetmadeitintotheOxford

EnglishDictionary,inwhichthe

entry

for"as”alreadycomprises35meanings.TheMacquarieDictionary,an

Australianpublication,hasan

entry

fortheintensifier"as"butoffersnocluewhenitfirstappeared.

()該語法解析尚未把它納入到牛津字典中,"as”的詞條在該字典里,已經(jīng)有35個義項.而澳大利亞出版的麥克奈利在"as”作強(qiáng)調(diào)成分初次出現(xiàn)時就把這用法收錄了進(jìn)去,不過未作提供用法提示.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)item點評：item是指"項目,條款”,例如Theotheritemonthe

agendaisthetour.日程中的另一項是旅游.這里用item不夠entry精確.(2)word點評：word一般是指單詞,在這里不如entry(apieceofwritinginadict