（高考英語作文煉句）第22篇老師譯文筆記

PAGEPAGE11.人工智能正以驚人的速度發(fā)展,但與此同時,我們要密切關(guān)注它,以防止其失控.Artificialintelligenceisadvancing

atabreathlesspace(1.以驚人的速度發(fā)展),butatthesametime,weshouldwatchitcarefully

incase(2.以防)it

getsoutofhand(3.失控).

1-advanceatabreathlesspace

詞典釋義：advanceUK

[?d'vɑ：nts]

US

[-'v?nts]

verb

GOFORWARD

前進(jìn)

ADVANCED

intransitive

or

transitive

■togoormovesomethingforward,ortodeveloporimprovesomething

(使)前進(jìn);使進(jìn)步,使進(jìn)展;使發(fā)展;促進(jìn)?Thefire

advanced

steadilythroughtheforest.大火在森林中不斷蔓延.?Thetroopsadvanced

on

thecity(=approachedit,readytoattack).軍隊向該城推進(jìn).?Wehave

advanced

greatlyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.在認(rèn)識宇宙方面,我們已經(jīng)取得長足的進(jìn)步.?Herstudyhasconsiderablyadvanced

(=helped)the

causeofequalrights.她的研究極大地促進(jìn)了權(quán)利平等運(yùn)動的事業(yè).?He'sjusttryingto

advance

(=improve)hisown

career.他只是在努力發(fā)展自己的事業(yè).

breathless2.ADJ

形容詞

令人喘不過氣的

Youuse

breathless

foremphasis

whenyouaredescribingfeelingsofexcitementorexcitingsituations.

【搭配模式】：ADJn

【語用信息】：emphasis?Technologyhasadvancedata

breathless

pace.技術(shù)進(jìn)步速度驚人,日新月異.?...the

breathless

excitementofearly1988,whenhundredsand

thousandsofcitizensgatherednightlyforpoliticalmeetings.1988年年初,興奮與狂熱的情緒令人窒息,成百上千的市民每晚聚在一起參加政治集會

外刊例句：Chileisthemostdynamic,withitsproducersexploringnew

grapevarieties,stylesandsites

ata

breathlesspace,whileArgentinahasbeenconsolidatingitstraditional

strength：malbec.

()智利充滿活力,其葡萄生產(chǎn)商正以驚人速度開發(fā)各種味道不一、體型各異的新品種葡萄,而阿根廷則一直在強(qiáng)化其傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢品種：馬爾貝克.

替換表達(dá)：advance/growataphenomenalrate

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

Ina

surprisingspeed點(diǎn)評：inaspeed應(yīng)該改為ataspeed(2)

Atan

alarmingspeed點(diǎn)評：alarming是指"令人擔(dān)憂的,令人恐懼的”,語言色彩在語境中不恰當(dāng).

2-incase(that)...

外刊例句：Incasethat

isnottough

enough,therewillbesticksandcarrotsforgovernmentstomakesurethey

takepeopleback.

()政府以防該方案不夠嚴(yán)厲,將對群眾軟硬兼施,確保能控制住他們.

3-getoutofhand

詞典釋義：4.

getoutofhand

ifasituationorpersongetsoutofhand,they

becomeimpossibletocontrolanylonger失控：?Thedemonstration

wasgettingoutofhand.示威游行開始失控.

例句：TheFedisrighttothinkthatitisbettertoslowthe

economygraduallythanbeforcedtobringittoascreechinghaltlater,if

wageandpricerises

getoutofhand.

()美聯(lián)儲并沒有想錯：讓經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步放緩總好過以后因為薪水和物價上漲失控而被迫給經(jīng)濟(jì)"急剎車”,引起民怨.

替換表達(dá)：getoutofcontrol

2.因為我們正處于在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)上取得突破的邊緣,人們對于機(jī)器翻譯是否會終結(jié)傳統(tǒng)翻譯業(yè)務(wù)有很多討論.Asweare

onthebrinkof

(1.處于……的邊緣)breakthroughsinmachinelearning,

thereismuchtalkabout

(2.對于……有很多討論)whethermachinetranslationwill

spelltheendof(3.終結(jié)……)traditionaltranslationbusinesses.

1-onthebrinkof

詞典釋義：brink

●●○○○1.N-SING

單數(shù)名詞

邊緣

Ifyouare

onthebrinkof

something,usuallysomethingimportant,terrible,orexciting,youarejust

abouttodoitorexperienceit.

【搭配模式】：usuon/to/fromtheNofn?Theireconomyisteeteringonthe

brink

ofcollapse...他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)徘徊在崩潰的邊緣.

?Failuretocommunicatehadbroughtthetwonationstothe

brink

ofwar.溝通不暢使這兩個國家瀕于戰(zhàn)爭的邊緣.

外刊例句：In2017,16millionpeopleare

onthebrinkof

starvationanddesperatelyinneedoffood,water

andmedicaltreatment.

()1600萬人民在2017年徘徊在餓死的邊緣,極度缺乏食物、水和醫(yī)療措施.

替換表達(dá)：beonthevergeofsomething

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

ontherimof點(diǎn)評：rim是指圓形物體的邊緣,ontherimofsomething不可用來指"處于……的邊緣”,這里可以改為beontheverge/brinkofsomething(2)

onthemargin

of點(diǎn)評：onthemargin是指"處于邊緣地位,處于非主體地位(意為無權(quán)無勢,缺乏影響力)”,例如：unemployedyouthslivingonthemarginsofsociety生活在社會邊緣的失業(yè)青年,短語用在此處不合適.(3)

ontheedge

ofsomething點(diǎn)評：ontheedgeof

something一般指"(處于壞事的)邊緣,臨界點(diǎn)”,例如：Theyhavedriventhe

rhinototheedgeofextinction.他們已經(jīng)令犀牛瀕臨滅絕.用在語境中不合適.

2-thereismuchtalkabout注意這里talk是不可數(shù)名詞.

詞典釋義：talk3.usedasanuncountablenounIfthereistalkaboutsomething,peopleare

discussingit.Therewasalotof

talkabout

me

gettingmarried.

■rumour,gossip,orspeculation

謠言,說法

thereistalkofanarmistice.

有休戰(zhàn)的傳言.Hearsay,rumor,orspeculation：傳聞、謠言或猜測：Thereistalkof

bankruptcy.有傳聞?wù)f要破產(chǎn)

外刊例句：Thereismuchtalkabout

subsidiesfor

high-speedbroadband,butothercausesaremoredeserving.

()關(guān)于高速寬帶導(dǎo)致自殺的討論絡(luò)繹不絕,但其實其他原因更值得討論.

3-spelltheendof

詞典釋義：spell3.VERB

動詞

意味著,招致(常常是不愉快的結(jié)果)

Ifsomething

spells

aparticularresult,oftenanunpleasantone,itsuggeststhat

thiswillbetheresult.

【語法信息】：Vn

【搭配模式】：nocont?Iftheirrigationplangoesahead,itcould

spell

disasterforthebirds...如果灌溉計劃開始實施,它可能會給鳥類帶來災(zāi)難.

?Areporthasjustarrivedongovernmentdeskswhich

spellsmoretrouble.剛剛有一份報告被送到政府手中,這意味著將要出現(xiàn)更多的麻煩.

?

end

Moreover,suchamovewouldprobably

spell

the

end

ofthe

Greens'dayinthepoliticalsun.

Thesenewrules

spell

the

end

ofjobsaswehaveknownthem.

NotonlywasthedeathofDiegothecauseofpersonalsorrow,italso

spelled

the

end

ofhisfamilyline.

Theincreasemay

spell

the

end

tomorethanayearofintense

pricecompetitionintheindustry,analystssaid.

Sterilityitselfcannotbeselectedfor,assuccesswould

spell

the

automatic

end

ofthelineinvolved.

外刊例句：Thepopularityofvegetarianism

spellstheendof

40yearsofthedistinctiverestaurantchain,

writesSimonRogers.

()西蒙·羅杰斯寫道,素食主義盛行,將給40年來與眾不同的餐飲連鎖業(yè)敲響喪鐘.

替換表達(dá)：putanendtosth、deal/beadeathblowto

sth

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

takethe

placeof/replace點(diǎn)評：taketheplaceof含義是"代替,取代”,不能用來表示"終結(jié)”的意思.(2)

supersede點(diǎn)評：supersede含義是"替代,取代(尤指陳舊或過時之物)”,用在這里不合適.3.因為擔(dān)心電子商務(wù)會使線下實體商業(yè)過時,很多傳統(tǒng)公司開始升級它們的服務(wù),并且與消費(fèi)者建立更加緊密的聯(lián)系.Fearingthate-commercemightsoon

render

(1.使得……)brick-and-mortar

(2.實體的)businessesobsolete,manytraditionalcompaniesbegintoupgradetheirservicesand

forgecloserlinkswith(3.與……建立緊密的聯(lián)系)customers.

1-rendersth.adjadj這里作賓語sth的補(bǔ)足語,注意adj不可以換成tobeadj的形式.

詞典釋義：renderUK

['ren.d?r]

US

[-d?]

verb

transitive

CAUSE

引起

formal

■tocausesomeoneorsomethingtobeinaparticularstate

使成為;使變得;使處于某種狀態(tài)?[+adj]Hisrudeness

rendered

me

speechless.他的粗暴無禮讓我啞口無言.?Newtechnologyhas

rendered

myoldcomputer

obsolete.新技術(shù)發(fā)展太快,我的舊電腦已經(jīng)過時了.

外刊例句：PartsofChina,Indiaand

theeasternUScouldallbecometoowarminsummerforpeopletoloseheatby

sweating—rendering

suchareaseffectivelyuninhabitable.()中國部分地區(qū)、印度和美國東部地區(qū)的夏天實在太熱了,人們汗如雨下——在此影響下,這些地區(qū)幾乎無法居住.

替換表達(dá)：makesthadj/causesthtobeadj

2-brick-and-mortar

詞典釋義：brick-and-mortar

AHD：

[brīk??nd-m?r?t?r]

D.J.

[?bra?k?nd?m??t?]

K.K.

[?bra?k?nd?m?rt?]adj.(形容詞)Locatedorservingconsumersinaphysical

facilityasdistinctfromprovidingremote,especiallyonline,services：磚塊與石灰的,傳統(tǒng)的：位于實物設(shè)施中的或在實物設(shè)施中為消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)的,與遠(yuǎn)距離服務(wù)(尤指在線服務(wù))不同：brick-and-mortar

classrooms;abrick-and-mortarbookstore.傳統(tǒng)教室;傳統(tǒng)書店

brick-and-mortar

adjective

or

bricks-and-mortar

Date：

1992

：

relatingtoorbeingatraditionalbusinessservingcustomersinabuilding

ascontrastedtoanonlinebusiness

<a

brick-and-mortar

store>

外刊例句：Bankslongseenas

brick-and-mortar

enthusiasts,suchasJPMorganChase,haveannouncedretrenchmentplans.

()像摩根大通等銀行似乎是傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)的愛好者,他們宣布了一項開支緊縮計劃.

3-forgecloserlinkswith

詞典釋義：forge

●●○○○1.V-RECIP

相互動詞

締造;建立

Ifonepersonorinstitution

forges

anagreementorrelationshipwithanother,theycreateitwitha

lotofhardwork,hopingthatitwillbestrongorlasting.

【語法信息】：Vnwithn

【語法信息】：pl-nVn

【語法信息】：NON-RECIP：Vnbetweenpl-n

【語法信息】：Vn?ThePrimeMinisterisdeterminedto

forge

agoodrelationshipwithAmerica'snewleader...首相決意要和美國的新任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立良好的關(guān)系.?Theyagreedto

forge

closereconomicties...他們同意建立更加緊密的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系.

?Theprogrammeaimsto

forge

linksbetweenhighereducationandsmallbusinesses...這個項目旨在為高等教育和小企業(yè)之間建立聯(lián)系.?TheCommunitywastryingto

forge

a

commonforeignandsecuritypolicy.這個共同體試圖形成共同的外交和安全政策.

?

links

Partnerships-Howto

forge

moreformal

links

withyourforeign

counterpartsforjointventures.

Thatgroupishelpingto

forge

stronger

links

between

mainstreamandcomplementaryapproachestopromotinghealthandmanaging

illness.

TheEducationSub-Grouphas

forged

links

withschoolsof

architectureandpractitioners.

Theseorganizationsplayedadecisiverolein

forging

patient

links

withtheoutsideworld.

Theyatleastareawareofthepotentialofrelationshipsbetweenthe

differentlevelsandmaybe

forging

someco-operative

links

betweenthem.

外刊例句：Inaninauspicioussignfor"Empire2.0”,thenickname

Britishofficialsusefortheirplanto

forge

closerlinkswith

theCommonwealth,thevastmajorityofBritain’sformer

coloniesbackedMauritiusorabstained.

()大多數(shù)英國的前殖民地國家因為"帝國2.0”計劃(英國官員為了聽起來與英聯(lián)邦有更深聯(lián)系而提的計劃名字)前景暗淡,決定支持毛里求斯或者是放棄投票.

替換表達(dá)：establishstronglinkswith

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

Maketighter

contactwith點(diǎn)評：makecontactwith含義是"與……取得聯(lián)系”,例如：We'dliketomakecontactwithotherschoolsinthearea.我們想和這個地區(qū)的其他學(xué)校取得聯(lián)絡(luò).短語用在語境中不準(zhǔn)確.

Q：老師,當(dāng)我不知道"實體商業(yè)”怎么表達(dá)的時候,而句子里面又出現(xiàn)了"電子商務(wù)”,那traditional

business/traditionalone可以表達(dá)出與新興的電子商務(wù)相對應(yīng)的傳統(tǒng)的"實體經(jīng)濟(jì)”嗎?謝謝老師!A：可以,traditionalbusiness可以表示與online

business相對應(yīng)的"實體經(jīng)濟(jì)”.

Q：實體商業(yè)entitybusinesses對不對?A：不對,不可以按照中文字面意思照翻過去,應(yīng)該改為brick-and-mortarbusiness

Q：字典上顯示是"bricks-and-mortar”,"brick”后面的"s”到底要不要加呢?A：brick-and-mortar或者bricks-and-mortar兩個都可以.

4.一些行為學(xué)專家指出電子游戲?qū)嶋H上在游戲者的腦海中演練了暴力行為,所以當(dāng)在現(xiàn)實生活中遇到相似的情景時這些游戲者自己就更可能使用暴力.Somebehaviouralexpertshave

raisedtheideathat(1.指出……)videogames

effectively

(2.實際上)rehearse

(3.演練)violentbehaviourinthemindofthegamer,sowhenfacedwith

(4.遇到……)similarsituationsinreallifethesegamersaremorelikelytouseviolencethemselves.

1-raisetheideathat

詞典釋義：raise11.VERB

動詞

提起,提出(問題、反對等)

Ifyou

raise

asubject,

anobjection,oraquestion,youmentionitorbringittosomeone's

attention.

【語法信息】：Vn?InthemeetingMrs.Ashrawi

raised

thethreemainconcernsthatthePalestinianshad...會議上,阿什拉維夫人提出了巴勒斯坦人最為關(guān)注的三個問題.?Hehadbeenconsultedandhad

raised

noobjections.事先征求了他的意見,他并沒有提出異議.

外刊例句：Ingettingtheliberalelitestoengageinadiscussionon

thecausesofsocialproblemsorto

raise

theideathat

thepoorcanhelpthemselves,Magnethasfrequentlybeen

brandedabigot.

()莫里因為讓開明精英階層討論起社會問題的根源,提出認(rèn)為窮人能自救的想法,經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是個老頑固.

替換表達(dá)：arguethat/pointout

2-effectively

詞典釋義：effectively

●●○○○1.ADV

副詞

其實;實際上

Youuse

effectively

witha

statementoropiniontoindicatethatitisnotaccurateineverydetail,but

thatyoufeelitisareasonabledescriptionorsummaryofaparticular

situation.

【搭配模式】：usuADVbeforev?This

effectively

meansthatthegovernmentdoesnotagreewith

theproposals...這實際上就意味著政府不贊同這些提議.?Theregionwas

effectively

independent.該地區(qū)實際上是獨(dú)立的.

外刊例句：Inaddition,theUSanditsregionalallies-withBritish

backing-regularlyconductair,landandseaexerciseswhich

effectively

rehearseanuclearattack

onthenorthfollowedupbyafull-scaleinvasion.

()此外,美國及其該區(qū)域的盟友,在英國的協(xié)助下,定期進(jìn)行海陸空演戲,這有效地練習(xí)了如何影響北部遭受核打擊及大規(guī)模入侵.

替換表達(dá)：actually/ineffect

3-rehearse

詞典釋義：rehearse

●○○○○1.VERB

動詞

排練,演練,預(yù)演(戲劇、舞蹈或音樂作品)

Whenpeople

rehearse

aplay,dance,orpieceofmusic,theypractiseitinorderto

prepareforaperformance.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vforn

【語法信息】：V?AgroupofactorsarerehearsingaplayaboutJoanof

Arc...一群演員正在排演一出關(guān)于圣女貞德的戲.?Tensofthousandsofpeoplehavebeenrehearsingforthe

openingceremonyintheworkers'stadium...數(shù)萬人一直在工人體育館為開幕式進(jìn)行排練.

?Thecastandcrewwereonlygiventhreeandahalfweeks

to

rehearse.演員和劇組工作人員只有3個半星期的時間進(jìn)行排練.

外刊例句：Inthefuture,everybighospitalcouldhaveaStar

Trek-styleholodeckwheresurgeonscouldplanand

rehearse

complexoperationsona3Dprojectionofthepatient.()所以大醫(yī)院在未來都會設(shè)有像星際迷航般的holodeck,手術(shù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員可以在那里用病人的3D模型先設(shè)計和操練復(fù)雜的手術(shù).

替換表達(dá)：practise

4-whenfacedwith當(dāng)我們說某人面臨某事時,既可以說somebodyisfacedwithsomething,也可以說somebody

facessomething

詞典釋義：face4.VERB

動詞

面臨;面對;擺在…面前

Ifyou

face

or

arefaced

withsomethingdifficultorunpleasant,orifit

faces

you,itis

goingtoaffectyouandyouhavetodealwithit.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：beV-edwithn?Williams

faceslifeinprisonifconvictedofattempted

murder...如被判謀殺未遂,威廉斯將面臨終身監(jiān)禁.?TheimmensedifficultiesfacingEuropeanbusinessmenin

Russiawereonlytooevident...在俄羅斯的歐洲商人所面臨的巨大困難是顯而易見的.

?Weare

facedwithaseriousproblem.我們面臨著一個嚴(yán)重問題.

外刊例句：Civilsocietyremainsstrong,andthegovernmentresponds

topublicpressure：lastyearitbackeddownfromastrictabortionlaw

whenfacedwith

massiveprotests.()公民社會依舊影響力十足,政府得對公眾壓力做出回答：政府于去年因為面臨著大量抗議,它撤銷了一項嚴(yán)厲的墮胎法案.

替換表達(dá)：whenconfrontedwith/by,whendealingwith

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

occur點(diǎn)評：occur是指"事情發(fā)生”,例如：Theexplosionoc