（高考英語作文煉句）第28篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.今天,大多數(shù)學生都知道我們的星球面臨環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn).年輕人懂得削減能源消耗以及減少浪費是遏制氣候變化、防止能源短缺的必要措施.Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.Youngpeopleunderstandthat

cuttingdownonenergyuse

(1.削減能源消耗)anddecreasingwastearenecessarystepstowards

curbingclimatechange

(2.遏制氣候變化)and

preventingenergyshortages(防止能源短缺).

1-cutdownonenergyusecutdownon意為減少使用,后面還可以跟intake、smoking、waste等.

詞典釋義：cutdown1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

削減;減少使用

Ifyou

cutdownon

somethingor

cut

down

something,youuseordolessofit.

【語法信息】：VPonn

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：VP

【語法信息】：AlsoVnP?He

cutdown

oncoffeeandcigarettes,andateabalanceddiet...他喝咖啡和吸煙都比以前少了,飲食也均衡了.

?Carownerswereaskedto

cutdowntravel...要求車主們減少駕車出行的次數(shù).?Ifyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?

如果你入不敷出,可以試著減少開支嗎?

外刊例句：EhsanToreini,asecurityexpertattheUniversityof

Newcastle,andhiscolleagues,describeawaytoturnthatrandomnessintoa

"fingerprint”thatisuniquetoanygivensheetofpaper.(Insecurityjargon

afingerprintisanyunique,identifyingpattern,notjustonefroma

finger).Thatcould,theyhope,helpto

cut

downon

fraud.()艾薩·托雷尼是紐卡斯爾大學的安全學專家,他與同事描述了一種使每張紙具有的獨特"指紋”具有隨機性的方法(這里的"指紋”在安全學內是指獨特的認真模式,而非手指紋).他們希望這樣能減少詐騙發(fā)生.

替換表達：reduce/decrease

2-curbclimatechange詞典釋義：curbUK

[k?：b]

US

[k?：b]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■tocontrolorlimitsomethingthatisnotwanted

控制;限制,約束;抑制?TheGovernmentshouldactto

curb

taxevasion.政府應該采取行動抑制逃稅.

curb

●●○○○1.VERB

動詞

控制;抑制;限定;約束

Ifyou

curb

something,youcontrolitandkeepitwithinlimits.

【語法信息】：Vn【語法信息】：beV-ed【搭配模式】：oftNonn?...advertisementsaimedat

curbingthespreadofAids...旨在控制艾滋病傳播的廣告?Inflationneedstobe

curbed

inRussia.俄羅斯需要抑制通貨膨脹.Curb

isalsoanoun.?Hecalledformuchstrictercurbsonimmigration.他呼吁對移民采取更嚴格的限制措施.

外刊例句：Tillersonhasclaimedtosupportarevenue-neutralcarbon

tax–abipartisansolutionthatinadditiontohelping

curbclimatechange

anditsdamages,wouldhaveamodestly

beneficialdirectimpactontheeconomy.

()蒂勒森宣布支持該局部炭排放稅——這項兩黨達成共識的解決方案,不僅能有助于抑制氣候變化及其破壞,還能給經濟帶來一定好處.

替換表達：prevent/reduceclimatechange

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Suppressclimate

change點評：suppress可以表示"抑制(生長、發(fā)展、起作用等)”,例如：Thevirussuppressesthebody'simmunesystem.這種病毒抑制身體的免疫系統(tǒng).但不可以用suppress來修飾climatechange,這里可以改為常見說法curbclimatechange(2)

Restrain

climatechange點評：restrain一般指"抑制,控制(增長太多的東西)”,例如restrainspending/inflation/corruption,不能用restrain修飾climatechange

3-preventenergyshortages

詞典釋義：prevent[pr?'vent]

verb

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■tostopsomethingfromhappeningorsomeonefromdoing

something

阻止,妨礙;預防?Labelyoursuitcasesto

prevent

confusion.在你的手提箱上貼上標簽以防搞混.?[+

-ing

verb]Hisdisability

prevents

him

(from)

driving.他有殘疾,不能開車.

shortageUK

['??：.t?d?]

US

['??：r.t??d?]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■whenthereisnotenoughofsomething

缺乏,缺少?There'sa

shortage

of

foodandshelterin

therefugeecamps.難民營里缺少足夠的食物和住處.?Thelonghotsummerhasledtoseriouswater

shortages.這個夏天漫長而炎熱,導致嚴重缺水.

例句：Thenewbodywouldoverseelargeenergyconsumerslimiting

theirconsumptionandwouldorderpowerstationstoincreasetheiroutputto

tryto

preventenergyshortages.()該新組織將監(jiān)控大型能源消耗者的能源消耗限制,命令發(fā)電站加大產出,以避免能源短缺.

替換表達：alleviate/ease/tackleenergyshortages

Q：Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmental

challengesfacingourplanet.如果過直譯就是：環(huán)境問題面對我們的星球,但是實際上詞典里面face后面都是接問題：theproblemsfacedbyone-parent

families單親家庭面對的問題Thecompanyisfacingafinancial

crisis.公司正面臨財政危機.She'sfacedwithadifficult

decision.她眼前有一項難作的決定.It'snotalwayseasytoface

thetruth.承認事實并不總是一件容易的.②sthfacesomeone和someonefacesth都是正確的?這兩種用法是不是沒有區(qū)別?A：somethingfacessomeone/someonefacessomething這兩種用法都正確,而且沒有區(qū)別.在麥克米倫詞典中我們可以找到這樣的例句：

(1)

Howtocombineacareerandchildrenisadilemma

facing

manywomen.(2)

Manyoftheshipyardworkers

face

losingtheirjobs.

Q：請教老師："Youngpeopleknowingtocutenergyconsumption

andtoreducewasteisnecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergy

shortages.”這句話是否存在語法錯誤?是否表達了原文的意思.A：這句話有問題,因為句子主干變成了：Youngpeopleisnecessarytocurb

climatechange…可以改為：Youngpeopleknowthatcuttingenergyconsumptionandreducing

wastearenecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergyshortages.

建議重新復習下語法書中關于句法的知識,避免寫句子的時候出現(xiàn)句法錯誤.

2.高浪費會導致能源損耗以及環(huán)境惡化.我們要盡我們的職責來應對地球面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn).Highwastelevels(1.高浪費)contributeto

energydepletion

(2.能源損耗)and

environmentaldegradation(3.環(huán)境惡化).Weshould

doourpart

(4.盡我們的職責)torespondtotheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.

1-highwastelevels

詞典釋義：lev·el

/

?l?vl

;

?lev?l

/nounC

1.

AMOUNT

數(shù)量,theamountordegreeof

something,comparedtoanotheramountordegree數(shù)量;水平,水準,程度：

[+

of

]?Increasedsupplies

areneededtomeetthelevelofdemand.要增加供應以滿足需求量.?

high/lowlevel

Dolphins

showahighlevelofintelligence.

海豚顯示出很高的智力水平.?Inflationdropped

toitslowestlevelin30years.通貨膨脹降到了30年來的最低值.?Atthemoment,

publicinterestisatahighlevel.目前,民眾的關心程度處在一個很高的水平.

waste[we?st]

noun

BADUSE

使用不當

IMPROVER

[SorU]

■anunnecessaryorwronguseofmoney,substances,time,

energy,abilities,etc

浪費;濫用?Thatmeetingachievedabsolutelynothing-itwas

a

complete

waste

oftime.那次會議根本沒有取得甚么成果——純粹是浪費時間.?She'sbeenunemployedfortwoyearsandit'ssuch

a

waste

of

hertalents.她已經失業(yè)兩年了,這純粹是浪費她的才華.?Mymothercouldn'tbear

waste

-shealwaysmadeus

eateverythingonourplates.我母親不能容忍浪費——她總是讓我們吃光自己碟子里的所有東西.

外刊例句：Inwealthycountries,therearelowlevelsofunintentional

lossesbut

highlevelsof"food

waste”,

whichinvolvesfoodbeingthrownawaybyconsumersbecausethey

havepurchasedtoomuch,orbyretailerswhorejectfoodbecauseofexacting

aestheticstandards.

()在發(fā)達國家,意外浪費甚少,而食物浪費卻十分嚴重,原因在于：顧客買太多了就會扔掉一些食物,而商家也會因為食物不符合其嚴格美觀要求而扔掉一些.

替換表達：toomuchwaste

學生錯誤表達：(1)

highwaste點評：一般沒有highwaste的說法,可以改為highwastelevels

2-energydepletion

詞典釋義：depletion[d?'pli：.??n]

noun

[SorU]

■(a)reduction

減少;減小;縮小

?the

depletion

of

theozonelayer臭氧層變薄?Increasedexpenditurehascauseda

depletion

in

ourcapital/funds.開支增加使我們的資本／資金減少了.

外刊例句：ThealliancesaidthestudyfoundthattheBatesonreport's

interpretationofdeerphysiologywasfactuallyunsoundandhadledtoerroneous

conclusionsaboutmuscledamage,

energy

depletion

andtheoverallstressofahunteddeer.

()該團體稱,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：巴蒂森分析鹿的生理研究報告與事實不符,帶來了一堆錯誤結論,這些結論關于肌肉損傷、能量消耗,以及遭捕殺的鹿所感受的壓力.

替換表達：overuseofenergy

3-environmentaldegradation

詞典釋義：environmental

●●●●○1.ADJ

形容詞

自然環(huán)境保護的;生態(tài)環(huán)境保護的;環(huán)保的

Environmental

meansconcerned

withtheprotectionofthenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plants,and

animals.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?...economicand

environmental

legislation.經濟和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護法規(guī)

?...the

environmental

claimsbeingmadeforsomeproducts...要求一些產品注重保護生態(tài)環(huán)境的主張?Environmentalgroupsplantostagepublicprotestsduring

theconference.環(huán)境保護組織計劃在會議期間組織公眾抗議活動.

degradation

[?deg.r?'de?.??n]

noun

uncountable

■whenthebeautyorqualityofsomethingisdestroyedor

spoilt

玷污;損害,危害?environmental

degradation環(huán)境惡化

例句：Iran’scriticalwatercrisisisanothermarkof

environmentaldegradation.Lakeand

riversaredryingout.LakeUrmia,oncethelargestsaltlakeintheMiddle

East,isnearlygone.

()伊朗的嚴重水危機又一次印證著環(huán)境惡化.江河湖泊都在干涸.烏爾米湖曾經是中東地區(qū)最大的咸水湖,現(xiàn)在也快要干涸了.

替換表達：environmentaldeterioration

4-doourpart

詞典釋義：partOne'sresponsibility,duty,orobligation;share：

職責,義務：某人的責任、職責或義務;份額：Weeachdoourparttokeep

thehouseclean.我們各盡其職以保持房屋的清潔one'sshareorallottedtask(asinanaction)

：

duty

<onemustdo

one's

part>

外刊例句：Thepresidencyisarelayrace,requiringeachofusto

doourpart

tobringthecountry

closertoitshighestaspirations.

()總統(tǒng)一職和接力比賽無異,需要我們每位盡己所能讓全體國民回到意氣風發(fā)之時.

替換表達：doourduty/bit,takeonourresponsibility

Q：高浪費英語順序Highwastelevels,水平一定排在最后嗎?②highwastelevels可不可以直接用Highwaste表示高浪費,level在這里是要補充漢語中隱含的高浪費程度的含義嗎?A：這是level的一種常見用法,noun+levels表示某事物的數(shù)量、程度等很高,例如：noise/pollution/price/wage/incomelevels;不可以直接用highwaste來表示高浪費.

3.政府應對能源短缺最基本的方法就是更好地教育公眾,特別是年輕一代,關于節(jié)能的重要性.這樣可以確保現(xiàn)在的孩子知道形勢的嚴峻性,長大后成為具有環(huán)保意識的成年人.Themostbasicwayinwhichagovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortageistobettereducatethepublic,particularlytheyoungergeneration,abouttheimportanceof

conservingenergy(1.節(jié)能).Thiswillensurethatthechildrenoftodayareawareofthe

gravity

(2.嚴峻性)ofthesituationandgrowuptobe

environmentally-conscious

(3.具有環(huán)保意識的)adults.

1-conserveenergy

詞典釋義：conserveverb

transitive

UK

[k?n?s??v]

US

[-?s???v/

■tokeepandprotectsomethingfromdamage,changeor

waste

保護;保藏;保存;保留;節(jié)約?To

conserve

electricity,wearecuttingdownonour

centralheating.為了省電,我們在減少中央供熱.?Thenationalistsareverykeento

conserve

their

customsandlanguage.民族主義者非常熱衷于保留他們的習俗和語言.?I'mnotbeinglazy-I'mjust

conserving

my

energy/strength

forlater.我不是在偷懶——我只是在為以后保存精力／體力.

外刊例句：Puttingtheimpactofsavingenergyinhumanterms,for

example,canhelptoencourageotherstaffto

conserveenergy.

()比如,以人類角度來談節(jié)約能源的影響,有助于鼓勵其他員工節(jié)約能源.

替換表達：energyconservation

學生錯誤表達：(1)

cutting

energy點評：沒有cuttingenergy的說法,只有cuttingenergyuse,這里建議改為energy

conservation

2-gravity

詞典釋義：gravityUK

['gr?v.?.ti]

US

[-?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

SERIOUS

嚴重

■seriousness

嚴重性?Idon'tthinkyouunderstandthe

gravity

ofthe

situation.我認為你沒有明白到局勢的嚴重性.

外刊例句："Youdon'trealisethe

gravity

ofthesituation…”beganMrTrichet.ButhewascutoffbytheFrench

president,NicolasSarkozy,whointerjected,oneFrenchmantoanother："Perhaps

youspeaktobankers.We,weareanswerabletoourcitizens.”

()特里謝開始說,"你只是沒注意到問題的嚴重性…….”但他隨后遭到法國總統(tǒng)薩科齊插話.身為法國人的薩科齊對另一位同是法國人的特謝里說道："也許你是在向銀行家發(fā)話,但我們卻該對全體國民負責.”

替換表達：seriousness/severity/significance

學生錯誤表達：(1)

strict

situation點評：strict是指"嚴格的”,不可以用來修飾situation(2)

thedepthof

ourpresentsituation點評：depth是指"深度”,不可以用來指事物的嚴重性,這里可以改為thegravityofthepresentsituation(3)

parlousstate點評：parlousstate一般的用法是beinaparlousstate,例如：Thecountry's

policeforcewasinaparlousstatein1990.1990年該國的警察部隊危機重重.短語用在這里不妥.

3-environmentally-conscious

詞典釋義：environmentally

UK

[?n?va?r?n?ment(?)li]

US

US

[?n?va??rn?ment(?)li]

adverb★

inaway

thataffectstheenvironmentorisrelatedtoit

Everybodyhassomescopefordoingtheir

jobinamoreenvironmentallyresponsibleway.

alessenvironmentallydamagingscheme

consciousUK

['k?n.t??s]

US

['kɑ：n-]

adjective

NOTICING

意識到

beconsciousofsth/sb

IMPROVER

■tonoticethataparticularthingorpersonexistsoris

present

意識到;察覺到;感覺到?Thetoothdoesn'texactlyhurt,butI'm

conscious

ofit(=Icanfeelit)allthetime.牙齒并不痛,可是我總覺得不舒服.?[+

-ing

verb]Ithinkshe'svery

conscious

ofbeing

theonlypersonintheofficewhodidn'thaveauniversity

education.我想她對于自己是辦公室里唯一沒有受過大學教育的人這一點很敏感.?[+

that]Hegraduallybecame

conscious

(of

thefact)

that

everyoneelsewaswearingasuit.他漸漸意識到其他人都是穿著西裝.

外刊例句：Issuessuchasequalpay,

environmentallyconscious

manufacturingprocesses,preventionof

counterfeitgoods,humantrafficking,responsiblefarmingpracticesand

overproductionofgoodsareallattheforefrontofconsumers’mindswhen

makingthesechoices.

()顧客在做出這些決定時,會考慮一系列問題,比如：收入平等、制作工藝是否環(huán)保、阻止假貨、人口拐賣、耕地負責、以及商品過剩等問題.

替換表達：environmentallyaware

學生錯誤表達：(1)

environment

awareness點評：沒有environment

awareness的說法,應該改為environmentalawareness

Q：不過我不太理解inwhich在這里的用法.A：這里是一個定語從句,Themostbasicwayin

which

agovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortage…which指代前面的way,句子相當于Agovernmentcanaddressthe

energyshortageinthemostbasicway…

4.政府要確保媒體在鼓勵節(jié)能措施上發(fā)揮積極作用.這可能包括鼓勵人們使用自行車而不是汽車的電視宣傳活動,或者是通過雜志和報紙文章宣傳更好的房屋隔熱帶來的好處.Thegovernmentcanensurethatthemediaplaysanactiveroleinencouragingtheuseof

energy-efficientpractices(1.節(jié)能措施).Thismightinclude

televisioncampaigns

(2.電視宣傳活動)topromotetheuseofbicyclesinsteadofcars,ormagazineandnewspaperarticlesonthebenefitsofbetter

homeinsulation(3.房屋隔熱).

1-energy-efficientpractices

詞典釋義：energy-efficient

1.ADJ

形容詞

能效高的;高能效的

Adeviceor

buildingthatis

energy-efficient

usesrelativelylittleenergytoprovidethepoweritneeds.?...energy-efficient

lightbulbs.高能效燈泡

?...informationonhowtomakeyourhomemoreenergy

efficient.有關如何提高家庭能效的知識

practice['pr?k.t?s]

noun

ACTION

行動

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■actionratherthanthoughtorideas

實施,實踐?Itseemedlikeagoodideabeforewestarted,but

in

practice

itwasadisaster.在我們動手之前這似乎是個好主意,但實際上卻是場災難.?Officially,Robert'sincharge,but

in

practice

Hannahrunstheoffice.據(jù)稱應該是羅伯特負責辦事處的工作,但實際上卻是漢娜在管.?Ican'tseehowyourplanisgoingtowork

in

practice.我看不出你的計劃在實踐中如何行得通.?Howdoyouintendto

put

theseproposals

into

practice,Mohamed?

穆罕默德,你打算如何把這些計劃付諸實行?

外刊例句：Participantsstressthatitisnecessarytobewillingto

doanythingandeverythingtogetpeopleexcitedandengagedin

energyefficientpractices.()參與者強調,大家該竭盡所能讓普羅大眾對節(jié)能措施有興趣,能投身于其中.

替換表達：energy-savingmeasures/energyconservationmeasures

2-televisioncampaigns

詞典釋義：1b.

aseriesofthingssuchastelevisionadvertisementsor

posters

thattrytopersuadepeopletobuyaproduct

Thecampaignboostedsalesofthejeansby200%.

anadvertising/publicity/marketingcampaign

Acampaignisanyseriesof

actionsoreventsthataremeanttoachieveaparticularresult,likean

advertisingcampaignoftelevisioncommercialsand

Inter