2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期廣州初中英語八年級(jí)期末試卷

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期廣州初中英語八年級(jí)期末一．語音題（共1小題）1．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）Beforetheinventionofthelightbulb，peoplehadtouseoillamps，gaslampsorcandlestoseeatnight.Withlightbulbs，peoplecandoasmanythingsintheeveningsastheycaninthedaytime.Canyouimaginelivingwithoutthem？（1）用"'"在文中劃線單詞invention和candles標(biāo)記重音。；（2）分別用"↑"、"↓"在第二句和第三句的句末標(biāo)記升降調(diào)（語調(diào)）。；（3）用"/"把標(biāo)下劃線的句子劃分成三個(gè)意群。二．語法選擇（共1小題）2．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）On8February，2005，EllenMacArthurarrivedbackinEnglandaftersailingaroundtheworld.Shewas（1）persontosailaroundtheworldalone.Ittookher71days，14hours，18minutesand35seconds（2）thejourney.Tomakethejourneyshorter，shekept（3）withoutanystoponland.Shewasjust28yearsoldthen.Around8，000peoplewerewaitingattheharbourtosaycongratulationstoherwhenshefinishedheramazingjourney.SheleftEnglandon28November2004，andtravelledaround43，000kilometerstogetbackhome."I（4）alongtimepreparingbothmybodyandmymindforitsinceIdecidedtodoit，"saidEllenMacArthurbeforeshestartedherlongjourney.Duringthejourney，sheonlyletherselfsleepfor（5）minuteseverytime.That'sbecauseshehadtomakesurethat（6）badwashappeningtotheboat.Asshedidn'thaveany（7）peopletotalkto，the71daysmusthavebeenverylonely（孤獨(dú)的）.Shehad（8）smallcookertoheatthecoldmeals.Shehadtosail（9）tokeepsafe.Shefaceddangerousstormsfromtimetotime，butsheneverthoughtofgivingup.Ellenisnowfamousallovertheworld.Herstoryshowsusthatyoumaynotsucceed（10）youfacechallengesbravelyandnevergiveup.（1）A.braveB.braverC.thebravestD.bravest（2）A.finishB.tofinishC.finishingD.finished（3）A.goingB.goC.wentD.togo（4）A.spendB.spendsC.havespentD.spent（5）A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little（6）A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing（7）A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others（8）A.theB.aC.anD./（9）A.carefulB.carelessC.carefullyD.care（10）A.afterB.whenC.ifD.unless三．閱讀理解（共4小題）3．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）DuringtheHanDynasty，therewasahistoriannamedSimaQian.Oneday，theemperorgotamessagethatthecaptain，LiLinghadgivenintotheenemy.TheemperorwasveryangrywithLiLing.ButSimaQiandidn'tsayaword.TheemperoraskedSimaQianwhathethoughtaboutit.Heanswered，"Theenemyhas30，000soldiers，butLihasonly5，000men.Hehasfoughthardformorethantendays.Lionlygaveinbecausetheydidn'thaveanyfoodatall.Ibelieveheiswaitingforanotherchancetofightagain."Whentheemperorheardhiswords，hegotevenangrier.HepunishedSimaQianbadly.SimaQianfeltsohumiliated（受辱的）thatheoncewantedtokillhimself.Butinalettertohisfriend，hewrote，"IfIdienow，it'slikeonehairfallingfromninecows.Idon'twanttodielikeanobody.IwillfirstfinishthehistorybookthatIamwriting."Later，SimaQiandidfinishthebook，RecordsoftheGrandHistorian（《史記》）.IthasbecomeoneofthemostfamousbookseverwritteninChina.（1）WhywastheemperorangryaccordingtoParagraph1？A.BecauseLiLinggaveintoSimaQian'sarmy.B.BecauseSimaQiandidn'tsayawordforLiLing.C.BecauseLiLinggaveupfightingwiththeenemy.D.BecauseSimaQiansentamessagetotheemperor.（2）Inwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninthestory？a.SimaQiandecidedtokeeponwritinghishistorybook.b.SimaQiandidn'tsayawordforLiLing.c.SimaQianshowedhisbeliefinLiLingtotheemperor.d.SimaQianwantedtokillhimself.e.SimaQianwaspunishedbadlybytheemperor.A.c﹣b﹣e﹣d﹣aB.c﹣e﹣d﹣a﹣bC.b﹣c﹣e﹣a﹣dD.b﹣c﹣e﹣d﹣a（3）WhatdidSimaQianmeanbysaying"it'slikeonehairfallingfromninecows"inthethirdparagraph？A.Hedidn'twanttodielikehairfallingfromninecows.B.Hislifewouldbedifferentifhediedafterbeingpunished.C.Hislifewasatinypartofsomethingmuchmoreimportant.D.Hewantedtobecomeonehairfallingfromninecows.（4）WhatkindofManisSimaQianaccordingtothestory？A.Kindandhelpful.B.Braveandclever.C.Friendlyandgentle.D.Politeandhonest.4．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）Asawayofpassingonknowledge，ideasandcreativity，bookshaveplayedanimportantpartinhumancivilization（文明）.Inancienttimes，therewerenobooks，andpeoplepassedontheirknowledgebytellingstories.TheearliestformsofthebookweremadeinEgyptaround3，000BC.Theseearlyscrolls（卷軸），madefromanimalskins，wereusedtorecordstories，lawsandhistory.Later，peoplelearnedhowtowriteandmakepaper.Theywroteeachwordbyhand.Ittookalongtimetowritejustonebook，makingthemrareandexpensive.Inthe15thcentury，theinventionoftheprintingpressappearedandchangedthebook﹣makingbusinessandeventheworld.Thismadeitpossibletoprintbooksquickly.Evencommonpeoplecouldbuyandreadbooks.Inthe20thcentury，computersandtheInternetchangedtheworldagain.Anewkindofbookappeared：theelectronicbook（e﹣book）.E﹣bookshaveopenedupanewworldforbooks.Theyarequicklychangingpeople'sreadinghabits.Itiseasierforpeopletobuyandsellbooksonlineandcarrythewholelibraryintheirpockets.Therefore，informationtravelsfasterandfarther.Inaword，thehistoryofthebookshowsthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Fromancientscrollstoe﹣books，thebookhaschangedtomeettheneedsofhumans.Inthefuture，itispossiblethatbookswillcontinuetochange.Now，peoplehavemanywaystoreadbooks.But，moreimportantly，peopleshouldkeeponreading!（1）Beforebooksappeared，howdidpeoplepassontheirknowledge？A.Bydancing.B.Bysinging.C.Throughstorytelling.D.Throughscrolls.（2）Whywerebooksexpensiveintheearlydaysofpaperinvention？A.Becausebooksweremadefromexpensiveanimalskins.B.Becausewritingonebookbyhandneededalotoftime.C.Becausethepaperwasexpensiveatthebeginning.D.Becausepeoplewerebusyinventingtheprintingpress.（3）Whatchangehavee﹣booksbroughttohumansaccordingtothepassage？A.Peoplecanreadbooksconvenientlyanytimefortheirsmallsizes.B.E﹣bookshavemadeitdifficulttobuyandsellpaperbooksonline.C.People'sreadinghabitshavebecomefasterbutlessenjoyable.D.E﹣bookscannotprovidethesamereadingexperienceaspaperbooks.（4）Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellusinthelastparagraph？A.Booksshowthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.B.Peoplewillhavemanydifferentwaystoreadbooks.C.Bookswillcontinuetochangetomeettheneedsofhumans.D.Peopleshouldkeepreadingevenifbookskeepchanging.5．（2023秋?黃埔區(qū)期末）THEPLANTWORLDTherearemorethan400，000kindsofplantsonEarth.Someplantsareasbigastallbuildings；othersareassmallasrice.Plantsarekeypartsofthefoodcircle.Theyplayanimportantpartinthenaturebecausetheygiveoutoxygen﹣﹣thegasthatallanimalsneedforbreathing.Whatisaplant？Mostpeoplehavenodifficultyfindingthedifferencesbetweenananimalandaplant.Thatisbecauseanimalscanmovearound，butplantscan't.Whatmakesaplantaplant？Likeanimals，plantsarelivingthingsthataremadeupoflotsofcells（細(xì)胞）.Unlikeanimals，plantsmaketheirownfoodbyphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Mostplantshaveroots，stems，andleaves，andmostplantsreproducebygrowingflowersandmakingseeds.Allplantsneedenergytostayaliveandgrow，andtheygetitfromsunlightinsteadoffood.Howdoesaplantgrow？Mostanimalsgrowinacertainway，andgenescontroltheirgrowth.Thatistosay，evenwhentheyaresmall，it'seasytoknowwhattheywilllooklikeaftertheygrowup.Plantsaredifferent.Theirgrowthiscontrolledbygenestoo，buttheirfinalshapealsodependsonwheretheylive.Forexample，atreecanbebigandroundifitgrowsupinanopenspace，butmuchtallerandthinnerifitgrowsinthewoodswithothertreesallaround.Plantsareunabletomovefromoneenvironmenttoanother，soitisimportantthattheyareabletogetusedtotheenvironment.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph1？A.Numberofplants.B.Differentsizesofplants.C.Importanceofplants.D.Partsofplants.（2）Whatmethoddoestheauthorusetodescribetheplantsinparagraph2？A.Bycomparing.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bygivingnumbers.D.Bytellingstories.（3）Whatcanweknowaboutplantsfromthepassage？A.Flowerandseedarethemostimportantpartsofaplant.B.Plantsandanimalsgrowinthesameway.C.Onlyenvironmentcontrolstheplants'growth.D.It'simportantfortheplantstogetusedtotheenvironment.（4）Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthepassage？A.Inanadvertisement.B.Inastorybook.C.Inanencyclopaedia.D.Inaposter.6．（2023秋?黃埔區(qū)期末）Doinghouseworkisakeypartoffamilylife.Ithelpsimprovetherelationshipamongfamilymembers.However，lotsofChineseparentsareunawareoftheimportanceofdoinghouseworkandtheythinkitisawasteoftime.Inordertoknowhowoftenmiddleschoolstudentsdohouseworkathome，wedidasurveyamong1，200studentsfromGrade7toGrade9inamiddleschool.Thefollowingbarchartshowstheresultofoursurvey.Fromthebarchart，wefindthatonlyasmallnumberofstudentsusuallydohousework.NearlyhalfofthestudentsinGrade9neverdohousework.Theresultmakesusworried.Afterall，doinghouseworkisgoodforstudents.Itcanteachstudentsmanyimportantskills，likeplanning，timing，solvingproblemsandsoon.Doinghouseworkcanalsoteachstudentswhatresponsibilityis.Everyoneshoulddosomethingforthefamily.What'smore，doinghouseworkcanhelpstudentsrelaxthemselvesandkeepabalancebetweenstudyandlife.Therefore，wesuggestthatparentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentodohousework.Theymustlearnoneortwolifeskillseveryyearsothattheycanbebetterpreparedforanindependentlifeinthefuture.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthebarchart？A.Studentsinallgradesactivelytakepartinhousework.B.OverhalfofthestudentsinGrade8neverdohousework.C.StudentsinGrade7dohouseworkmoreoftenthanstudentsinGrade9.D.TheresultofGrade9studentsistheleastworryingamongallgrades.（2）WhichisNOTanadvantageofdoinghousework？A.Relaxingabusymind.B.Savingmoretimeforstudy.C.Practisingplanningandtimingskills.D.Learningtobeindependentfromparents.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"responsibility"probablymeaninparagraph4？A.Skill.B.Ability.C.Duty.D.Method.（4）What'sthepurposeofthepassage？A.Toshowtheresultofarecentsurvey.B.Toteachstudentshowtodohousework.C.Toremindparentstheimportanceofdoinghousework.D.Topointoutaworryingproblemforteachersinschool.四．短文填空（共1小題）7．（2023秋?黃埔區(qū)期末）Lastmonth，weheldanEnglishWeekatschool.Therewerealotofactivitiesinit.It（1）iEnglishBookFair，EnglishSpeakingCompetitionandEnglishPlay.Believeitornot？IactedasSnowWhiteinanEnglishplay.Inthebeginning，Iwasveryshy.Iwasnot（2）conthestage.Ispokeinalowvoice.However，asthesevendwarfs（七個(gè)小矮人）sanganddanced，Ibecamerelaxed.Theywereso（3）fthattheaudiencelaughedagainandagain.Finally，wewonthefirst（4）p.Weweresoexcitedbecausewewerethebest!TheEnglishWeekprovideduswithachanceto（5）iourEnglish.MostofusarebetteratEnglishthanbefore.It'sreallycool!五．根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子（共2小題）8．（2023秋?南沙區(qū)期末）李華去年暑假去看望鄉(xiāng)下的爺爺奶奶。Lastsummerholiday，LiHuawenttoseehisgrandparents.9．（2023秋?南沙區(qū)期末）爺爺奶奶準(zhǔn)備了足夠多的食物給他吃。Hisgrandparentspreparedforhim.六．翻譯題（共3小題）10．（2023秋?南沙區(qū)期末）有些電腦很小，你有可能會(huì)忽略它們的存在。11．（2023秋?南沙區(qū)期末）我計(jì)劃回家后跟他們保持聯(lián)系。12．（2023秋?南沙區(qū)期末）他就如何提高英語水平，向?qū)W生們提供了一些建議。七．書面表達(dá)（共1小題）13．（2023秋?海珠區(qū)校級(jí)期末）隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展和普及，越來越多的同學(xué)選擇網(wǎng)購(gòu)。上周，你們班進(jìn)行了一次購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的調(diào)查，請(qǐng)按下表統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果，寫一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，并談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)。調(diào)查結(jié)果理由30%的學(xué)生更愿意在商店購(gòu)物1.和好友一起外出購(gòu)物2.（請(qǐng)合理發(fā)揮1﹣2點(diǎn)）70%的學(xué)生更喜歡網(wǎng)購(gòu)1.更方便2.（請(qǐng)合理發(fā)揮1﹣2點(diǎn)）你的觀點(diǎn)：（請(qǐng)合理發(fā)揮1﹣2點(diǎn)）注意：（1）詞數(shù)：70詞左右（開頭已給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)）。（2）不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個(gè)人信息，否則不予評(píng)分。Lastweek，wedidasurveyaboutshoppinghabitsinourclass.________

2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期廣州初中英語八年級(jí)期末典型試卷1參考答案與試題解析一．語音題（共1小題）1．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）Beforetheinventionofthelightbulb，peoplehadtouseoillamps，gaslampsorcandlestoseeatnight.Withlightbulbs，peoplecandoasmanythingsintheeveningsastheycaninthedaytime.Canyouimaginelivingwithoutthem？（1）用"'"在文中劃線單詞invention和candles標(biāo)記重音。in'vention；'candles（2）分別用"↑"、"↓"在第二句和第三句的句末標(biāo)記升降調(diào)（語調(diào)）?！?；↑（3）用"/"把標(biāo)下劃線的句子劃分成三個(gè)意群。peoplecando/asmanythingsintheeveningsastheycan/inthedaytime.【考點(diǎn)】說明文；日常生活．【答案】（1）in'vention；'candles（2）↓；↑（3）peoplecando/asmanythingsintheeveningsastheycan/inthedaytime【分析】在燈泡發(fā)明之前，人們晚上必須使用油燈、煤氣燈或蠟燭觀看。有了燈泡，人們可以在晚上做和白天一樣多的事情。你能想象沒有它們的生活嗎？【解答】（1）根據(jù)invention/?n?ven?n/，"發(fā)明"，可知該單詞的重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)。故答案為in'vention；根據(jù)candles/?k?ndlz/，"蠟燭"，可知該單詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)。故答案為'candles（2）根據(jù)Withlightbulbs，peoplecandoasmanythingsintheeveningsastheycaninthedaytime.（有了燈泡，人們可以在晚上做和白天一樣多的事情。）可知，這是一個(gè)陳述句，句子應(yīng)該使用降調(diào)。故答案為↓；根據(jù)Canyouimaginelivingwithoutthem？（你能想象沒有它們的生活嗎？）。）可知，這是一個(gè)疑問句，句子應(yīng)該使用升調(diào)。故答案為↑。（3）根據(jù)句意和語境peoplecandoasmanythingsintheeveningsastheycaninthedaytime.（人們可以在晚上做和白天一樣多的事情。）可知，本句意群可以分為：peoplecando（人們可以做）；asmanythingsintheeveningsastheycan（晚上盡可能多的事情）inthedaytime（白天）。故答案為peoplecando/asmanythingsintheeveningsastheycan/inthedaytime?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】掌握句子的知識(shí)，結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)要求，掌握音標(biāo)知識(shí)，正確寫出答案。二．語法選擇（共1小題）2．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）On8February，2005，EllenMacArthurarrivedbackinEnglandaftersailingaroundtheworld.Shewas（1）Cpersontosailaroundtheworldalone.Ittookher71days，14hours，18minutesand35seconds（2）Bthejourney.Tomakethejourneyshorter，shekept（3）Awithoutanystoponland.Shewasjust28yearsoldthen.Around8，000peoplewerewaitingattheharbourtosaycongratulationstoherwhenshefinishedheramazingjourney.SheleftEnglandon28November2004，andtravelledaround43，000kilometerstogetbackhome."I（4）CalongtimepreparingbothmybodyandmymindforitsinceIdecidedtodoit，"saidEllenMacArthurbeforeshestartedherlongjourney.Duringthejourney，sheonlyletherselfsleepfor（5）Aminuteseverytime.That'sbecauseshehadtomakesurethat（6）Dbadwashappeningtotheboat.Asshedidn'thaveany（7）Bpeopletotalkto，the71daysmusthavebeenverylonely（孤獨(dú)的）.Shehad（8）Bsmallcookertoheatthecoldmeals.Shehadtosail（9）Ctokeepsafe.Shefaceddangerousstormsfromtimetotime，butsheneverthoughtofgivingup.Ellenisnowfamousallovertheworld.Herstoryshowsusthatyoumaynotsucceed（10）Dyoufacechallengesbravelyandnevergiveup.（1）A.braveB.braverC.thebravestD.bravest（2）A.finishB.tofinishC.finishingD.finished（3）A.goingB.goC.wentD.togo（4）A.spendB.spendsC.havespentD.spent（5）A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little（6）A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing（7）A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others（8）A.theB.aC.anD./（9）A.carefulB.carelessC.carefullyD.care（10）A.afterB.whenC.ifD.unless【考點(diǎn)】記敘文；杰出人物．【答案】CBACADBBCD【分析】2005年2月8日，艾倫?麥克阿瑟環(huán)游世界后抵達(dá)英格蘭。她是第一個(gè)獨(dú)自環(huán)游世界的人。她花了71天14小時(shí)18分鐘35秒完成了這段旅程。為了縮短旅程時(shí)間，她在沒有?？筷懙氐那闆r下繼續(xù)航行。當(dāng)她完成了驚人的旅程時(shí)，大約有8000人在港口等待向她表示祝賀。她在2004年11月28日離開英格蘭，環(huán)游了大約43000公里才回到家。在開始漫長(zhǎng)的旅程之前，艾倫?麥克阿瑟說："我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備我的身體和心靈。"在旅程中，她每次只讓自己睡幾分鐘，因?yàn)樗仨毚_保船只沒有發(fā)生任何問題。她沒有其他人可以交談，所以這71天一定非常孤獨(dú)。她只有一個(gè)小爐灶來加熱冷餐。她不得不航行以保持安全。她不時(shí)面臨危險(xiǎn)的風(fēng)暴，但她從未想過放棄。艾倫現(xiàn)在在世界各地都很有名。她的故事告訴我們，只要勇敢面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，永不放棄，就可能取得成功。【解答】（1）考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：她是獨(dú)自環(huán)球航行的最勇敢的人。A.勇敢的，形容詞原級(jí)；B.更勇敢的，形容詞比較級(jí)；C.最勇敢的，形容詞最高級(jí)；D.最勇敢的，形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知，是最勇敢的人，所以應(yīng)填形容詞最高級(jí)，最高級(jí)前也加the。故選C。（2）考查不定式。句意：她用了71天14小時(shí)18分35秒完成了這段旅程。A.完成，動(dòng)詞原形；B.完成，不定式；C.完成，動(dòng)名詞；D.完成，過去式。takesbsometimetodosth"花費(fèi)某人一些時(shí)間做某事"，固定短語，所以應(yīng)填不定式tofinish。故選B。（3）考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：為了縮短旅程，她繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，沒有在陸地上停留。A.前進(jìn)，動(dòng)名詞；B.前進(jìn)，動(dòng)詞原形；C.前進(jìn)，過去式；D.前進(jìn)，不定式。keepdoingsth"繼續(xù)做某事"，固定短語，所以此處填動(dòng)名詞going。故選A。（4）考查動(dòng)詞。句意：自從我決定做這件事以來，我已經(jīng)花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在身體和心理上為它做準(zhǔn)備。A.花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞原形；B.花費(fèi)，第三人稱單數(shù)；C.花費(fèi)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；D.花費(fèi)，過去式。根據(jù)sinceIdecidedtodoit（自從我決定做這件事以來）可知，該句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。主語是I，所以助動(dòng)詞用have，spend的過去分詞是spent。故選C。（5）考查短語。句意：旅途中，她每次只讓自己睡幾分鐘。A.一些，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；B.幾乎沒有，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；C.一點(diǎn)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；D.幾乎沒有，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，是睡幾分鐘，結(jié)合空后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)minutes可知，此處應(yīng)填afew。故選A。（6）考查代詞。句意：那是因?yàn)樗仨毚_保船上沒有任何不好的事情發(fā)生。A.某事情；B.一切；C.任何事情；D.沒什么。根據(jù)句意可知，是確保船上沒有任何不好的事情發(fā)生。故選D。（7）考查形容詞。句意：因?yàn)樗龥]有其他人可以說話，這71天一定很孤獨(dú)。A.三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)；B.其他的，后跟名詞；C.兩者中的另一個(gè)；D.其他的（人或物）。根據(jù)空后的people可知，為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)填形容詞other。故選B。（8）考查冠詞。句意：她有一個(gè)小炊具來加熱冷餐。A.特指；B.不定冠詞，用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前；C.不定冠詞，用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前；D.零冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示泛指，且small是以輔音音素開頭的單詞，所以應(yīng)填不定冠詞a。故選B。（9）考查副詞。句意：她必須小心航行以確保安全。A.小心的，形容詞；B.粗心的；C.小心地，副詞；D.關(guān)心，動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幵诰渲行揎梽?dòng)詞sail，所以應(yīng)填副詞。故選C。（10）考查連詞。句意：她的故事告訴我們，除非你勇敢地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，永不放棄，否則你可能不會(huì)成功。A.在之后；B.當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；C.如果；D.除非。根據(jù)句意可知，是除非你勇敢地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，永不放棄，否則你可能不會(huì)成功。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】通讀全文，了解文章大意，聯(lián)系上下文，結(jié)合語境，選擇合適的單詞填空。三．閱讀理解（共4小題）3．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）DuringtheHanDynasty，therewasahistoriannamedSimaQian.Oneday，theemperorgotamessagethatthecaptain，LiLinghadgivenintotheenemy.TheemperorwasveryangrywithLiLing.ButSimaQiandidn'tsayaword.TheemperoraskedSimaQianwhathethoughtaboutit.Heanswered，"Theenemyhas30，000soldiers，butLihasonly5，000men.Hehasfoughthardformorethantendays.Lionlygaveinbecausetheydidn'thaveanyfoodatall.Ibelieveheiswaitingforanotherchancetofightagain."Whentheemperorheardhiswords，hegotevenangrier.HepunishedSimaQianbadly.SimaQianfeltsohumiliated（受辱的）thatheoncewantedtokillhimself.Butinalettertohisfriend，hewrote，"IfIdienow，it'slikeonehairfallingfromninecows.Idon'twanttodielikeanobody.IwillfirstfinishthehistorybookthatIamwriting."Later，SimaQiandidfinishthebook，RecordsoftheGrandHistorian（《史記》）.IthasbecomeoneofthemostfamousbookseverwritteninChina.（1）WhywastheemperorangryaccordingtoParagraph1？CA.BecauseLiLinggaveintoSimaQian'sarmy.B.BecauseSimaQiandidn'tsayawordforLiLing.C.BecauseLiLinggaveupfightingwiththeenemy.D.BecauseSimaQiansentamessagetotheemperor.（2）Inwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninthestory？Da.SimaQiandecidedtokeeponwritinghishistorybook.b.SimaQiandidn'tsayawordforLiLing.c.SimaQianshowedhisbeliefinLiLingtotheemperor.d.SimaQianwantedtokillhimself.e.SimaQianwaspunishedbadlybytheemperor.A.c﹣b﹣e﹣d﹣aB.c﹣e﹣d﹣a﹣bC.b﹣c﹣e﹣a﹣dD.b﹣c﹣e﹣d﹣a（3）WhatdidSimaQianmeanbysaying"it'slikeonehairfallingfromninecows"inthethirdparagraph？AA.Hedidn'twanttodielikehairfallingfromninecows.B.Hislifewouldbedifferentifhediedafterbeingpunished.C.Hislifewasatinypartofsomethingmuchmoreimportant.D.Hewantedtobecomeonehairfallingfromninecows.（4）WhatkindofManisSimaQianaccordingtothestory？BA.Kindandhelpful.B.Braveandclever.C.Friendlyandgentle.D.Politeandhonest.【考點(diǎn)】記敘文；杰出人物．【答案】CDAB【分析】本文主要講了漢朝時(shí)期，歷史學(xué)家司馬遷遭受了嚴(yán)重的懲罰，因?yàn)樗麨楸粩橙藫魯〉睦盍贽q護(hù)。盡管受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰，司馬遷仍然堅(jiān)持完成了他的著作《史記》，這本書成為了中國(guó)歷史上最著名的書籍之一。【解答】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Oneday，thekinggotamessagethatthecaptain，LiLinghadgivenintotheenemy.TheemperorwasveryangrywithLiLing.（一天，皇帝得到消息說，將軍李陵已經(jīng)向敵人投降了?；实凵盍甑臍?。）可知皇帝生氣因?yàn)槔盍晖稊?。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ButSimaQiandidn'tsayaword.（但是司馬遷一句話也沒說。）根據(jù)第二段Heanswered，"Theenemyhas30，000soldiers，butLihasonly5，000men.Hehasfoughthardformorethantendays.Lionlygaveinbecausetheydidn'thaveanyfoodatall.Ibelieveheiswaitingforanotherchancetofightagain."（他回答說："敵人有三萬士兵，而李只有五千。他已經(jīng)艱苦戰(zhàn)斗了十多天。李之所以屈服，是因?yàn)樗麄兏緵]有任何食物。我相信他正在等待另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)再次戰(zhàn)斗。"）根據(jù)第三段Whentheemperorheardhiswords，hegotevenangrier.HepunishedSimaQianbadly.SimaQianfeltsohumiliated（受辱的）thatheoncewantedtokillhimself.（皇帝聽了他的話，更加生氣了。他狠狠地懲罰了司馬遷。司馬遷感到非常屈辱，一度想自殺。）和IwillfirstfinishthehistorybookthatIamwriting.（我要先完成我正在寫的歷史書。）可知正確的順序是：b﹣c﹣e﹣d﹣a。故選D。（3）語義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段SimaQianfeltsohumiliated（受辱的）thatheoncewantedtokillhimself.Butinalettertohisfriend，hewrote，"IfIdienow，it'slikeonehairfallingfromninecows.Idon'twanttodielikeanobody.IwillfirstfinishthehistorybookthatIamwriting."（司馬遷感到非常屈辱，一度想自殺。但在給朋友的一封信中，他寫道："如果我現(xiàn)在死了，就像九頭牛掉一根頭發(fā)一樣。我不想像個(gè)無名小卒一樣死去。我要先完成我正在寫的歷史書。"）可知?jiǎng)澗€部分要表達(dá)的含義為：他不想像個(gè)無名小卒一樣死去。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段IwillfirstfinishthehistorybookthatIamwriting.（我要先完成我正在寫的歷史書。）和第四段Later，SimaQiandidfinishthebook，RecordsoftheGrandHistorian（《史記》）.IthasbecomeoneofthemostfamousbookseverwritteninChina.（后來，司馬遷完成了《史記》。它已成為中國(guó)有史以來最著名的書之一。）可知司馬遷是個(gè)勇敢聰明的人。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。4．（2023秋?花都區(qū)期末）Asawayofpassingonknowledge，ideasandcreativity，bookshaveplayedanimportantpartinhumancivilization（文明）.Inancienttimes，therewerenobooks，andpeoplepassedontheirknowledgebytellingstories.TheearliestformsofthebookweremadeinEgyptaround3，000BC.Theseearlyscrolls（卷軸），madefromanimalskins，wereusedtorecordstories，lawsandhistory.Later，peoplelearnedhowtowriteandmakepaper.Theywroteeachwordbyhand.Ittookalongtimetowritejustonebook，makingthemrareandexpensive.Inthe15thcentury，theinventionoftheprintingpressappearedandchangedthebook﹣makingbusinessandeventheworld.Thismadeitpossibletoprintbooksquickly.Evencommonpeoplecouldbuyandreadbooks.Inthe20thcentury，computersandtheInternetchangedtheworldagain.Anewkindofbookappeared：theelectronicbook（e﹣book）.E﹣bookshaveopenedupanewworldforbooks.Theyarequicklychangingpeople'sreadinghabits.Itiseasierforpeopletobuyandsellbooksonlineandcarrythewholelibraryintheirpockets.Therefore，informationtravelsfasterandfarther.Inaword，thehistoryofthebookshowsthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Fromancientscrollstoe﹣books，thebookhaschangedtomeettheneedsofhumans.Inthefuture，itispossiblethatbookswillcontinuetochange.Now，peoplehavemanywaystoreadbooks.But，moreimportantly，peopleshouldkeeponreading!（1）Beforebooksappeared，howdidpeoplepassontheirknowledge？CA.Bydancing.B.Bysinging.C.Throughstorytelling.D.Throughscrolls.（2）Whywerebooksexpensiveintheearlydaysofpaperinvention？BA.Becausebooksweremadefromexpensiveanimalskins.B.Becausewritingonebookbyhandneededalotoftime.C.Becausethepaperwasexpensiveatthebeginning.D.Becausepeoplewerebusyinventingtheprintingpress.（3）Whatchangehavee﹣booksbroughttohumansaccordingtothepassage？AA.Peoplecanreadbooksconvenientlyanytimefortheirsmallsizes.B.E﹣bookshavemadeitdifficulttobuyandsellpaperbooksonline.C.People'sreadinghabitshavebecomefasterbutlessenjoyable.D.E﹣bookscannotprovidethesamereadingexperienceaspaperbooks.（4）Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellusinthelastparagraph？DA.Booksshowthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.B.Peoplewillhavemanydifferentwaystoreadbooks.C.Bookswillcontinuetochangetomeettheneedsofhumans.D.Peopleshouldkeepreadingevenifbookskeepchanging.【考點(diǎn)】說明文；文化．【答案】CBAD【分析】本文主要講述了書籍在人類文明中發(fā)揮了重要作用，雖然現(xiàn)在人們有很多方式來讀書，但是人們還是應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持閱讀?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Inancienttimes，therewerenobooks，andpeoplepassedontheirknowledgebytellingstories.（在古代，沒有書，人們通過講故事來傳遞他們的知識(shí)。）可知，在古代，沒有書，人們通過講故事來傳遞他們的知識(shí)。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Ittookalongtimetowritejustonebook，makingthemrareandexpensive.（寫一本書要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這使得它們既稀有又昂貴。）可知，是因?yàn)槭謱懸槐緯枰芏鄷r(shí)間。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段E﹣bookshaveopenedupanewworldforbooks.Theyarequicklychangingpeople'sreadinghabits.Itiseasierforpeopletobuyandsellbooksonlineandcarrythewholelibraryintheirpockets.Therefore，informationtravelsfasterandfarther.（電子書為書籍打開了一個(gè)新世界。它們正在迅速改變?nèi)藗兊拈喿x習(xí)慣。人們更容易在網(wǎng)上買賣書籍，把整個(gè)圖書館裝在口袋里。因此，信息傳播得更快更遠(yuǎn)。）可知，由于電子書的體積小，人們可以隨時(shí)方便地閱讀。故選A。（4）段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Now，peoplehavemanywaystoreadbooks.But，moreimportantly，peopleshouldkeeponreading!（現(xiàn)在，人們有很多方式來讀書。但是，更重要的是，人們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持閱讀!）可知，作者在最后一段主要想告訴我們：即使書籍不斷變化，人們也應(yīng)該繼續(xù)閱讀。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】答閱讀題時(shí)，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脈絡(luò)，然后在文章中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的信息，再和選項(xiàng)作對(duì)比，得出正確答案。5．（2023秋?黃埔區(qū)期末）THEPLANTWORLDTherearemorethan400，000kindsofplantsonEarth.Someplantsareasbigastallbuildings；othersareassmallasrice.Plantsarekeypartsofthefoodcircle.Theyplayanimportantpartinthenaturebecausetheygiveoutoxygen﹣﹣thegasthatallanimalsneedforbreathing.Whatisaplant？Mostpeoplehavenodifficultyfindingthedifferencesbetweenananimalandaplant.Thatisbecauseanimalscanmovearound，butplantscan't.Whatmakesaplantaplant？Likeanimals，plantsarelivingthingsthataremadeupoflotsofcells（細(xì)胞）.Unlikeanimals，plantsmaketheirownfoodbyphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Mostplantshaveroots，stems，andleaves，andmostplantsreproducebygrowingflowersandmakingseeds.Allplantsneedenergytostayaliveandgrow，andtheygetitfromsunlightinsteadoffood.Howdoesaplantgrow？Mostanimalsgrowinacertainway，andgenescontroltheirgrowth.Thatistosay，evenwhentheyaresmall，it'seasytoknowwhattheywilllooklikeaftertheygrowup.Plantsaredifferent.Theirgrowthiscontrolledbygenestoo，buttheirfinalshapealsodependsonwheretheylive.Forexample，atreecanbebigandroundifitgrowsupinanopenspace，butmuchtallerandthinnerifitgrowsinthewoodswithothertreesallaround.Plantsareunabletomovefromoneenvironmenttoanother，soitisimportantthattheyareabletogetusedtotheenvironment.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph1？DA.Numberofplants.B.Differentsizesofplants.C.Importanceofplants.D.Partsofplants.（2）Whatmethoddoestheauthorusetodescribetheplantsinparagraph2？AA.Bycomparing.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bygivingnumbers.D.Bytellingstories.（3）Whatcanweknowaboutplantsfromthepassage？DA.Flowerandseedarethemostimportantpartsofaplant.B.Plantsandanimalsgrowinthesameway.C.Onlyenvironmentcontrolstheplants'growth.D.It'simportantfortheplantstogetusedtotheenvironment.（4）Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthepassage？CA.Inanadvertisement.B.Inastorybook.C.Inanencyclopaedia.D.Inaposter.【考點(diǎn)】說明文；動(dòng)物/植物．【答案】DADC【分析】本文主要介紹了植物世界的特點(diǎn)和生長(zhǎng)方式。地球上有超過40萬種植物，有些植物高大如建筑物，有些小如米粒。植物是食物鏈中的關(guān)鍵部分，通過光合作用釋放氧氣，對(duì)自然界起著重要作用。植物是由許多細(xì)胞組成的生物，通過光合作用自己制造食物。它們的生長(zhǎng)受基因控制，但最終形態(tài)也受生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境影響。植物無法移動(dòng)到不同的環(huán)境，因此適應(yīng)環(huán)境對(duì)它們非常重要?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Therearemorethan400，000kindsofplantsonEarth.Someplantsareasbigastallbuildings；othersareassmallasrice.Plantsarekeypartsofthefoodcircle.Theyplayanimportantpartinthenaturebecausetheygiveoutoxygen﹣﹣thegasthatallanimalsneedforbreathing.（地球上有40多萬種植物。有些植物和高樓一樣大；其他的像米一樣小。植物是食物鏈的關(guān)鍵部分。它們?cè)谧匀唤缰邪缪葜匾慕巧?，因?yàn)樗鼈冡尫懦鲅鯕狻袆?dòng)物呼吸所需的氣體。）可知，第一段提到的了植物的數(shù)量，大小不同的植物，以及植物的重要性，沒有提到植物的一部分。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Mostpeoplehavenodifficultyfindingthedifferencesbetweenananimalandaplant.Thatisbecauseanimalscanmovearound，butplantscan't.Whatmakesaplantap