新教材適用2025版高考英語二輪總復習第2部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解專題模擬訓練主旨大意類

主旨大意類A(2024·湖南省岳陽市高三二模)Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen,throwingflouracrossbutcher-blocktables,fillingmetaltrayswithhand-shapedbread,andshiftingsteaming,freshbreadtocoolingshelves．TheonlybodiesatrestinthisNewYorkCitybakeryarepanswithbread,waitingtobesentintotheoven．Theskilledbakersturnoutaround25varietiesrangingfromclassicFrenchbaguettestocrispArmenianlavashcrackers—whichtheysellatfarmers'marketsandgourmetstores．ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It'sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts．Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace—andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein—is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez．Bymixingherlifelongpassionforsocietywithgreatfood,Rodriguezsaysshehascreatedherdreamjob．In2008,RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates,hiringtwoimmigrantwomenasherfirstbakers．“Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics，”shesaysofthoseearlydays．“Butforeverypersonwhoquestionedit,therewerefivepeoplewhowereinterestedinsupportingus．”Today,HotBreadKitchenemploysastaffof35andoccupiesanearly5,000-square-footspaceinLaMarqueta,apublicmarketinEastHarlem．ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen'sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60．ComingfromlandssuchasHaiti,Nepal,andtheDominicanRepublic,somehavelivedintheU．S．foraslittleasayear．Others,includingproductionmanagerAntoniaGarcia,whoisoriginallyfromMexico,havecalledAmericahomeformorethanadecade．Thesewomen'sdiversehomelandsarereflectedinmanyofthebakery'sproducts,likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm'smen,abutterybread．TheprogramhasfarsurpassedRodriguez'soriginalhopes．Sinceitshumblebeginnings,HotBreadKitchenhastrained27womenfrom12countries．Theyreceivepaid,on-the-jobexperience,aswellascoursesinbakerysciences,andEnglishaspartofayearlongtrainingprogram．1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout？A．Constantactivityofskilledworkers．B．Varietiesoffreshbakedgoods．C．Manydifferenttypesofequipmentusedinbakeries．D．Difficultworkingconditionsofbakeryemployees．2．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessamynRodriguez？A．Adventurousandmodest．B．Ambitiousandgifted．C．Hard-workingandcourageous．D．Devotedandstubborn．3．HowdoestheauthorestablishthediversityofHotBreadKitchen？A．Bydescribingthecoursesofferedtoemployees．B．Byintroducingthebackgroundsoftheemployees．C．Bydescribingthebakery'slocationatLaMarqueta．D．Byintroducingthebakery'sdevelopmentsince2008．4．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle？A．Employeesfromdiversehomelandsproducevariousproducts．B．ThehardworkingwomenhavehelpedHotBreadKitchendevelopquickly．C．RodriguezbecameasuccessfulbakerafterestablishingHotBreadKitchen．D．HotBreadKitchenprovidesprofessionalopportunitiesforimmigrantwomen．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明JessamynRodriguez建立非營利組織HotBreadKitchen來為移民女性供應職業(yè)機會和這一組織的一些特點。1．A段落大意題。依據第一段“Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen．．．whichtheysellatfarmers'marketsandgourmetstores．(一天中的任何時候，穿著白圍裙的面包師都在熱面包廚房里忙著工作，把面粉撒在砧板上、把手形面包裝滿金屬托盤、把熱氣騰騰的簇新面包放到冷卻的架子上。在紐約市的這家面包店里，唯一休息的是裝著面包的平底鍋，等待被送入烤箱。這些嫻熟的面包師制作了大約25個品種，從經典的法式長棍面包到亞美尼亞脆脆的拉瓦什餅干，他們在農貿市場和美食商店出售。)”可知，第一段主要講了嫻熟工人的持續(xù)活動。故選A。2．C推理推斷題。依據其次段“Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace—andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein—is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez．(35歲的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官JessamynRodriguez負責這家餐廳的日常運營，她常常卷起襯衫袖子參加其中。)”以及第三段“‘Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics，’shesaysofthoseearlydays．(‘我肯定是在開拓新天地，我們面臨著很多懷疑，’她在談到早期的日子時說。)”可知，JessamynRodriguez勤奮且英勇。故選C。3．B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據倒數(shù)其次段“ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen'sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60．．．abutterybread．(烘焙和包裝熱面包廚房產品的女性年齡從21歲到60歲不等。他們來自海地、尼泊爾和多米尼加共和國等地，有些人只在美國生活了一年。其他人，包括來自墨西哥的生產經理AntoniaGarcia，十多年來始終把美國當作自己的家。這些女性來自不同國家的背景反映在這家面包店的很多產品上，比如傳統(tǒng)玉米餅和廣受歡迎的黃油面包。)”可知，作者通過引入不同背景的員工來建立HotBreadKitchen的多樣性。故選B。4．D文章大意題。依據其次段“ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It'sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts．(但HotBreadKitchen不僅僅是一家面包店：它是一個非營利組織，旨在為外國誕生的女性供應她們在烹飪藝術領域建立職業(yè)生涯所需的技能和支持。)”以及介紹這一組織的一些特點可知，這篇文章主要說明HotBreadKitchen為移民女性供應職業(yè)機會。故選D。B(2024·安徽省合肥市高三一模)Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety'sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy．Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(轉變)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport．IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency．Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet．However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely．Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance—andevenout—competethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel．Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations．Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(貨運),steel,andenergystorage．Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld'sroadfleet．Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime．Nanoscale(納米級的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater．Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates．Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply．Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen．ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater．Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies．5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2？A．Stop． B．Decrease．C．Continue． D．Disappear．6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？A．Waysofstoringhydrogensafely．B．Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles．C．Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel．D．Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen．7．Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean？A．Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices．B．Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements．C．Theinventionofthewatertransportsystem．D．Theuseofthenanoscalethinfilmtechnology．8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A．CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB．TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC．HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD．WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBeLike【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清潔能源氫氣的開發(fā)和利用狀況。5．B詞句揣測題。依據其次段“Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen(超過90%的交通燃料是以汽油為基礎的，但假如更多的車輛運用氫)”可知，假如運用氫氣的話溫室氣體排放量會“下降”，畫線詞的意思是“下降”。故選B。6．C段落大意題。依據第三段“However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely．(然而，氫并不被認為是汽油作為汽車發(fā)動機燃料的志向替代品，因為氫更難平安儲存。)”和“Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations．(此外，為儲存，管道和燃料站找尋投資對很多國家來說仍舊是一個挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，本段主要講了運用氫作為汽車燃料的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。7．D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第五段“Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime．Nanoscale(納米級的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater．(值得慶幸的是，探討始終在進步。納米薄膜被應用于改善化學過程，以快速從海水中獲得氫氣。)”可知，采納納米級薄膜技術使得從海洋中獲得氫氣更有效。故選D。8．A標題歸納題。依據第一段“Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(轉變)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport．(引入電動汽車(EV)和削減汽油運用是有幫助的，但零碳氫可以加快交通的轉型和長期脫碳。)”及下文內容可知，文章主要介紹了清潔能源氫氣的開發(fā)和利用狀況。選項A“清潔能源氫打算起飛”適合用作文章標題。故選A。C(2024·江蘇省連云港市高考考前模擬)WhattimeitisvariesdependingonwhichofEarth'stimezonesyouarein—butwhatifyouaren'tanywhereonEarth?ScientistsfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),agroupcommittedtoexploringtheuniverse,arearguingthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezonetoo．Atthemoment,missionstoorinvolvingtheMoonusethetimezoneofthecountryoperatingthespacecraft．ESAarguesthataspecifictimezonefortheMoonwouldmakeiteasierforspaceagenciesfromaroundtheworldtoworktogether．OncemissionsmakeittotheMoon,havingthesametimezonewouldmakeitsimplerforastronautstocommunicateandtravelacrossitssurface．Settingupalunartimezoneisnoteasy．Gravityaffectshowquicklyorslowlytimepasses．SincegravityisweakerontheMoonthanitisonEarth,clocksrunslightlyfasterontheMoon．After24hours,alunarclockwouldbe56microsecondsaheadofaclockonEarth．AnotherpointtoconsideristhatafulldayonEarthismeasuredbythelengthoftimebetweentwosunsets—about24hours．OntheMoon,thetimebetweentwosunsetsisnearly709hours,whichisabout29．5Earthdays．Thismeansthatlunarnightscanbearoundtwoweekslong,withonlytheEarthandthestars—noSun—inthesky．Withallthistothinkabout,scientistsneedtodecidewhetheritwouldbebettertofollowatimezoneonEarth,orfortheMoontohaveitsownuniquezone,whichwouldhavemuchlongerdays．NASAisplanningtolandhumansontheMoonin2025．TherearealsootherunmannedmissionsofothercountriestotheMoonlaterthisyear．TheideaisthatcreatingatimezoneontheMoonwouldmaketheseeasier．BernhardHufenbachfromESAsaidthatifaworkingtimesystemfortheMooncouldbeestablished,ESAcouldthenperhapsgoontodothesameforotherplanetsinthesolarsystem．9．WhydoesESAinsistthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezone？A．Tohelpscientistslandonthemoon．B．Tohelpastronautsoperatethespacecraft．C．Tohelpastronautstravelaroundtheworld．D．Tohelpspaceagenciescooperateworldwide．10．Whatisthechallengetoestablishalunartimezone？A．Fewerstarsinthesky．B．SlowertimeontheMoon．C．LongernightsontheMoon．D．WeakergravityontheEarth．11．WhatisBernhardHufenbach'sattitudetothefutureoftheMoon'stimezone？A．Negative． B．Doubtful．C．Supportive． D．Unclear．12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．TheoriginandfutureofthetimezoneontheMoon．B．Thenecessityandmethodsofbuildingalunartimezone．C．ThetheoryandpracticebehindthetimezoneontheMoon．D．Theimportanceanddifficultiesofcreatingalunartimezone．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。致力于探究宇宙的歐洲航天局的科學家們認為，月球也應當有自己的時區(qū)。文章主要說明白建立月球自己的時區(qū)的意義以及存在的困難。9．D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段“ESA