靜脈輸血的護(hù)理常規(guī)英文

演講人：日期：靜脈輸血的護(hù)理常規(guī)英文IntroductiontoIntravenousBloodTransfusionNursingAssessmentbeforeTransfusionPreparationforIntravenousBloodTransfusionAdministrationofIntravenousBloodTransfusionPosttransfercareandmonitoringFollowupEvaluationafterBloodTransfusion目錄01IntroductiontoIntravenousBloodTransfusionIntravenousbloodtransferistheprocessofadministeringbloodorbloodcomponents,suchasredbloodcells,platelets,orplasma,intoapatient'sveinthroughaneedleorcatalystDefinitionThemainpurposeofinvasivebloodtransferistoreplacebloodlossduringsurgery,trauma,ordisease,andtotreatblooddisordersthataffectthebody'sabilitytoproducebloodcomponentsPurposeDefinitionandPurposeWholeBloodContainsallthecomponentsofblood,includingredbloodcells,whitebloodcells,plates,andplasmaUsedtotreatanemiaandreplaceredbloodcellslostduringsurgeryortraumaUsedtotreatorpreventbleedingbyhelpingthebloodtocloseTheliquidportofthebloodthatcontainsproteinsandothersubstancesessentialforbloodclosingandotherfunctionsRedBloodCells(RBCs)PlateletsPlasmaTypesofBloodProductsSevereBloodLossPatientswhohavelostasignificantamountofbloodduetosurgery,trauma,orotherconditionsmayrequireabloodtransfertoreplacethelostbloodAnemiaAconditioninwhichthebodydoesnothaveenoughhealthyredbloodcellstocarryoxygentoissuesBloodtransferscanhelpincreasethenumberofredbloodcellsandimproveoxygendeliveryIndicationsforBloodTransfusionBleedingDisordersCertainmedicalconditions,suchasthermophilia,cancauseexcessivebleedingBloodtransfers,exceptionallyplaylets,canhelpcontrolbleedingCancerTreatmentSometypesofcancertreatment,suchaschemotherapy,canaffectthebody'sabilitytoproducebloodcellsBloodtransferscanhelpreplacethesecellsandreducetheriskofinfectionorbleedingIndicationsforBloodTransfusion02NursingAssessmentbeforeTransfusionObtainadetailedpatienthistory,includinganypreviousreactionstobloodorbloodproductsPerformathroughphysicalexamination,payingspecificattentiontovitalsignsandanysignsofillnessorinfectionAssessthepatient'sabilitytotollthetransfer,consideringfactorssuchasage,comorbidities,andcurrentdiagnosesPatientHistoryandPhysicalExaminationEnsurethatthebloodproducthasbeenscreenedforinfectiousdiseasesandotherpotentialconflictsOrderandinterpretappropriatelaboratorytests,suchascompletebloodcount(CBC),electrolytepanel,andcouplingstudiesVerifythecompatibilityofthebloodproductwiththepatient'sbloodtypeandRhfactorLaboratoryTestsandResultsInterpretationIdentifyriskfactorsthatmayincreasethechanceofcompilationsduringorafterthetransfer,suchasappeals,previousreactions,orunderlyingmedicalconditionsImplementcontrolmeasurestomitigatetheserisks,suchaspremedicationwithantihistaminesorcorticosteroidsforpatientswithahistoryofacutereactionsMonitorthepatientclosureduringthetransferforanysignsofadversereactionsandbepreparedtointervenepromptlyifnecessaryIdentifyingRiskFactorsandControls03PreparationforIntravenousBloodTransfusionEnsuringthebloodbankisaccreditedandfollowsstandardproceduresforbloodcollection,testing,andstorageVerifyingthepatient'sidentityandbloodtypetopreventtransfererrorsCheckingtheexpirationdateandinspectingthebloodbagforanysignsofdamageorconflictObtainingBloodProductsSafelyConfirmingthatthebloodcomponents(redbloodcells,plates,plasma)arecompatiblewiththepatient'sbloodtypetoavoidtransferreactionsAssessingthepatient'sclinicalconditionandtransferhistorytodeterminetheappropriatebloodcomponentandvolumetobetransferredEnsuringthatthebloodhasbeenscreenedforinfectiousdiseases,suchasHIVandhepatitis,tominimizetheriskoftransmissionCheckingCompatibilityofBloodComponents輸入標(biāo)題02010403EstablishingVenousAccessCorrectlySelectinganappropriatevectorforrecruitment,consideringfactorssuchasthepatient'sage,size,andconditionofthevectorsMonitoringthepatientduringandafterthetransferforanysignsofadversereactionsorcompositesEnsuringthattheCannulaissecurelyinsertedandthevenousbloodflowisequivalentfortransferpurposesUsingalkalinetechnologyandsterileequipmenttominimizetheriskofinfectionduringrecruitment04AdministrationofIntravenousBloodTransfusionMonitoringVitalSignsDuringTransfusion01Regularlycheckthepatient'spulserate,bloodpressure,andtemperaturetoensuretheyremainstableduringthetransfer02Monitorthepatient'srespiratoryrateandoxygensaturationlevelstodetectanyrespiratorydistress03Observeforsignsofacutereactions,suchasitting,rash,ordiffusebreaking,andstopthetransferimmediatelyiftheyoccur04Closelymonitorthepatient'sfluidintakeandoutputtoensureproperhydrationandavoidfluidoverloadBepreparedtomanagecommonapplicationssuchasfever,chills,andhypebyhavingappropriatemedicineandequipmentreadyforavailabilityImmediatelystopthetransferandnotifythephysicianifthepatientdevelopsmultiplereactionssuchasanaphylicshockoracutelunginjuryRegularlyassessthepatient'spaylevelandprovideappropriateanalysisasneededtoensuretheircomfortduringthetransferMonitorthefusionsiteforsignsofinfection,inflation,orextrapolationandtakepromptactionifanyofthemoccurManagingComplicationsPromptly01Explaintheproceduretothepatientandaddressanyconcernsoranxietiestheymayhavetoenhancetheircooperationandcomfort02Useappropriatetransfersetsandneedstominimizediscomfortandreducetheriskofcomplications03Adjusttherateofthetransferaccordingtothepatient'stoleranceandthespecificbloodproductbeingadministered04MaintainasterilefieldduringthetransfertoreducetheriskofinfectionandensurethesafetyofthepatientEnsuringPatientComfortandSafety05PosttransfercareandmonitoringMonitorvitalsignsCloselyobservethepatient'sbloodpressure,heartrate,respiratoryrate,andtemperaturetoensuretheyremainstableAssessforsignsoftransferreactionsWatchforsymptomssuchasfever,chills,rash,itting,diffusebreaking,orchestpain,whichmayindicateatransferreactionCheckforhemoglobinuriaObservethecolorofthepatient'surine,asdarkorredcoloredurinemayindicatehemolysisObservingPatientResponsetoTransfusionHemoglobinandhematocritlevels01MeasurethesevaluestoassesstheeffectivenessofthetransferandmonitorforanychangesthatmayindicateareplicationBloodtypingandcrossmatching02Confirmthepatient'sbloodtypeandperformcrossmatchingtoensurecompatibilitywiththetransferredbloodCoagulationstudies03Monitorcoagulationparameterssuchasprothrombintime(PT)andpartialthromboplastintime(PTT)toassessthepatient'sclosingfunctionCheckingLaboratoryValuesAfterTransfusionExplaintheimportanceoffollowingupcareEmphasistothepatientoftheimportanceofadheringtothefollowingupcareplantoensureproperrecoveryProvideinstructionsonroundcareTeachthepatienthowtocarefortheinsertionsitetopreventinfectionandpromotehealingAdviseonactivityrestrictionsInformthepatientaboutanyactivityrestrictionsthatmaybenecessarytoavoidcomplicationssuchasblendingorhematomaformationDiscussionspotentialsideeffectsExplainpossiblesideeffectsofthetransfersuchasfever,chills,oracutereactionsandadvisethepatienttoseekimmediatemedicalattentioniftheyoccurProvidingPatientEducationonFollowupCare06FollowupEvaluationafterBloodTransfusionMonitorvitalsignsRegularlycheckthepatient'sbloodpressure,heartrate,respiratoryrate,andtemperaturetoensuretheyremainstableEvaluatelaboratoryvaluesOrderandinterpretrelevantlaboratorytests,suchascompletebloodcount(CBC),toassesstheeffectivenessofthebloodtransferObservingclinicalsymptomsCloselymonitorthepatientforanyimprovementorterminationintheirclinicalconditions,suchasrelieffromanimiaorresolutionofblendingAssessingEffectivenessofTreatmentPlan010203MonitorforacutereactionsWatchforsignsofanacutereaction,suchasaccompanying,rash,diffusebreaking,orswitchingofthefaceorthroatCheckforsignsofinf