2024年考研英語(yǔ)（二）真題及參考答案

2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(二)試題☆考生注意事項(xiàng)☆4.填(書(shū))寫(xiě)部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字跡工整、筆跡清楚；涂考生編號(hào)考生姓名SectionIUseofEnglishDirectionsReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Yoursociallifeisdefinedas“theactivitiesyoudowithotherpeople,forpleasure,whenyouarenotworking”.It'simportanttohaveasociallife,butwhat'srightforonepersonwon'tberightforanother.Someofusfeelenergisedbyspendinglotsoftimewithothers,someofusmayfeeldrained,evenifit'sdoingsomethingweenjoy.Thisiswhyfindinga2inyoursociallifeiskey.Spendingtoomuchtimeonyourown,not3others,canmakeyoufeellonelyand4.Lonelinessisknowntoimpactonyourmentalhealthand5alowmood.Anyonecanfeellonelyatanytime.Thismightbeespeciallytrueif,6,youareworkingfromhomeandyouare7ontheusualsocialconversationsthathappeninanoffice.Otherlifechangescan8periodsoflonelinesstoo,suchasretirement,changingjobsorbecomingaparent.It'simportanttorecognisethesefeelingsofloneliness.Therearewaysto9asociallife,butitcanfeeloverwhelming10.It'sagreatideatostartbythinkingabouthobbiesyouenjoy.Youcanthenfindgroupsandactivitiesrelatedtothosewhereyouwillbeabletomeet11people.Therearegroupsaimedatnewparents,atthosewhowantto12anewsportforthefirsttime,ornetworkingeventsforthoseinthesameprofessiontomeetupand13ideas.Ontheotherhand,it's14possibletohavetoomuchofasociallife.Ifyoufeellikeyou'realwaysdoingsomethingandthereisneverany15inyourcalendarfordowntime,youcouldsuffersocialburnoutorsocial16.Weallhaveourownsociallimitandit'simportanttorecognisewhenyou'refeelinglikeit'salltoomuch.Lowmood,lowenergy,irritabilityandtroublesleepingcouldallbe17ofpoorsocialhealth.Makesureyou18sometimeinyourdiarywhenyou're19forsocialisingandusethistimetorelax,20andrecover.[C]whereas2.[A]contrast[B]balance3.[A]seeing[B]pleasing[C]judging[D]teaching4.[A]misguided[B]surprised[C]spoiled[D]disconnected5.[A]contributeto[C]interferewith[D]goagainst6.[A]infact[B]ofcourse[C]forexample7.[A]cuttingback[B]missingout[C]breakingin[D]lookingdown8.[A]shorten[B]trigger[C]follow[D]interrupt9.[A]assess[B]interpret[C]provide[C]ontime[D]bychance11.[A]far-sighted[B]strong-willed[C]kind-hearted[D]like-minded[B]promote[D]describe[D]boundary[B]criticism[C]injustice[D]dilemma[B]standards18.[A]takeover[B]wipeoff[C]addup19.[A]ungrateful[B]unavailable[C]responsible[D]regretful20.[A]reactSectionⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)英語(yǔ)(二)試題.2.(共14頁(yè))Text1InhernewbookCogsandMonsters:WhatEconomicsIs,andWhatItShouldBe,DianeCoyle,ancconomistatCambridgeUniversity,arguesthatthedigitaleconomyrequiresnewwaysofthinkingaboutprogress.“Whateverwemeanbytheeconomygrowing,bythingsgettingbetter,thegainswillhavetobemoreevenlysharedthanintherecentpast,”shewrites.“Aneconomyoftechmillionairesorbillionairesandgigworkers,withmiddle-incomejobsundercutbyautomation,willnotbepoliticallysustainable.”Improvinglivingstandardsandincreasingprosperityformorepeoplewillrequiregreateruseofdigitaltechnologiestoboostproductivityinvarioussectors,includinghealthcareandconstruction,saysCoyle.Butpeoplecan'tbeexpectedtoembracethechangesifthey'renotseeingthebenefits—ifthey'rejustseeinggoodjobsbeingdestroyed.Inarecentinterview,Coylesaidshefearsthattech'sinequalityproblemcouldbearoadblocktodeployingAI.“We'retalkingaboutdisruption,”shesays.“Thesearetransformativetechnologiesthatchangethewayswespendourtimeeveryday,thatchangebusinessmodelsthatsucceed.”Tomakesuch“tremendouschanges,”sheadds,youneedsocialbuy-in.Instead,saysCoyle,resentmentissimmeringamongmanyasthebenefitsareperceivedtogotoelitesinahandfulofprosperouscities.AccordingtotheBrookingsInstitution,ashortlistofeightAmericancitiesthatincludedSanFrancisco,SanJose,Boston,andSeattlehadroughly38%ofalltechjobsby2019.NewAItechnologiesareparticularlyconcentrated:Brookings'sMarkMuroandSifanLiuestimatethatjust15citiesaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheAIassetsandcapabilitiesintheUnitedStates.ThedominanceofafewcitiesintheinventionandcommercializationofAImeansthatgeographicaldisparitiesinwealthwillcontinuetosoar.Notonlywillthisfosterpolticalandsocialunrest,butitcould,asCoylesuggests,holdbackthesortsofAItechnologiesneededforregionaleconomiestogrow.PartofthesolutioncouldlieinsomehowlooseningthestrangleholdthatBigTechhasondefiningtheAIagenda.Thatwilllikelytakeincreasedfederalfundingforresearchindependentofthetechgiants.AmoreimmediateresponseistobroadenourdigitalimaginationstoconceiveofAItechnologiesthatdon'tsimplyreplacejobsbutexpandopportunitiesinthesectorsthatdifferentpartsofthecountrycaremostabout,likehealthcare,education,andmanufacturing.英語(yǔ)(二)試題.3.(共14頁(yè))21.Coylearguesinhernewbookthateconomicgrowthshould[A]giverisetoinnovations[B]diversifycareerchoices[C]bencfitpeoplecqually[D]bepromotedforcefully22.AccordingtoParagraph2,digitaltechnologiesshouldbeusedto[A]bringaboutinstantprosperity[B]reducepeople'sworkload[C]raiseoverallworkefficiency[D]enhancecross-sectorcooperation23.WhatdoesCoylefearabouttransformativetechnologies?[A]Theymayaffectwork-lifebalance.[B]Theymaybeimpracticaltodeploy.[C]Theymayincurhugeexpenditure.[D]Theymaybeunwelcometothepublic.24.SeveralAmericancitiesarementionedtoshow[A]theunevendistributionofAItechnologiesintheUS[B]thedisappointingprospectoftechjobsintheUS[C]thefastprogressofUSregionaleconomies[D]theincreasingsignificanceofUSAIassets25.WithregardtoCoyle'sconcern,theauthorsuggests[A]raisingfundstostartnewAIprojects[B]encouragingcollaborationinAIresearch[C]guardingagainstthesideeffectsofAI[D]redefiningtheroleofAItechnologies英語(yǔ)(二)試題.4.(共14頁(yè))Text2TheUKisfacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,Conforhaswarned.Theforestryandwoodtradebodyhascalledforurgentactiontoreducethecountry'srelianceontimberimportsandprovideastablesupplyofwoodforfuturegenerations.Currentlyonly20percentoftheUK'swoodrequirementishome-grownwhileitremainsthesecond-largestnetimporteroftimberintheworld.ComingatatimeoffreshincentivesfromtheUKgovernmentforlandownerstogrowmoretrees,thetradebodysaysthesedon'tgofarenoughandfailtopromotethebenefitsofplantingthemtoboosttimbersupplies.“Notonlyarewefacingacarboncrisisnow,butwewillalsobefacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,”saidStuartGoodall,chiefexecutiveofConfor.“Fordecadeswehavenottakenresponsibilityforinvestinginourdomesticwoodsupply,leavingusexposedtofluctuatingpricesandfightingforfuturesuppliesofwoodasglobaldemandrisesandourownsuppliesfall.”TheUKhasidealconditionsforgrowingwoodtobuildlow-carbonhomesandisagloballeaderincertifyingthatitsforestsaresustainablymanaged,Conforsays.WhilearoundthreequartersofScottishhomesarebuiltfromScottishtimber,theuseofhome-grownwoodinEnglandisonlyaround25percent.ThecausesoftheUK'scurrentpositionarecomplexandrangefromoutdatedperceptionsofproductiveforestrytothedecimationoftreesbygreysquirrels.Italsoencompassessignificanthesitationonbehalfoffarmersandotherlandownerstoinvestinlonger-termplantingprojects.WhileproductivetreeplantingcandeliverrealfinancialbenefitstoruraleconomiesandcontributetotheUK'snet-zerostrategy,thefocusofgovernmentsupportcontinuestobeonfoodproductionandtherewildingandplantingofnativewoodlandsolelyforbiodiversity.Goodalladded:“Whilefoodproductionandbiodiversityhealthareclearlyofcriticalimportance,weneedourlandtoalsoprovidesecuresuppliesofwoodforconstruction,manufacturingandcontributetonetzero.“WhiletheUKgovernmenthasstateditsambitionformoretreeplanting,therehasbeenlittleactionontheground.Conforisnowcallingformuchgreaterimpetusbehindthoseaspirationstoensurewehaveenoughwoodtomeetincreasingdemand.”英語(yǔ)(二)試題.5.(共14頁(yè))26.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thattheUKneedsto[A]increaseitsdomesticwoodsupply[B]reduceitsdemandfortimber[C]loweritswoodproductioncosts[D]liftitscontrolontimberimports27.AccordingtoConfor,theUKgovernment'sfreshincentives[A]canhardlyaddressaconstructioncrisis[B]arebelievedtocomeatawrongtime[C]seemtobemisleadingforlandowners[D]willbetoocostlytoputintopractice28.TheUK'sexposuretofluctuatingwoodpricesisaresultof[A]thegovernmentsinactionontimberimports[B]inadequateinvestmentingrowingwood[C]thecompetitionamongtimbertradersathome[D]woodproducers'motivetomaximiseprofits29.WhichofthefollowingcausestheshortageofwoodsupplyintheUK?[A]Excessivetimberconsumptioninconstruction.[B]Unfavourableconditionsforgrowingwood.[C]Outdatedtechnologiesofthewoodindustry.[D]Farmers'unwillingnesstoplanttrees.30.WhatdoesGoodallthinktheUKgovernmentshoulddo?[A]Subsidisethebuildingoflow-carbonhomes.[B]Paygreaterattentiontoboostingruraleconomies.[C]Providemoresupportforproductivetreeplanting.[D]Giveprioritytopursuingitsnet-zerostrategy.英語(yǔ)(二)試題.6.(共14頁(yè))Text3Oneofthebiggestchallengesinkeepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroadisconvincingthemthatit'stimetoturnoverthekeys.“Itsacompletelife-changer”whensomeonestops—orisforcedtostop—driving,saidformerriskmanagerAnneM.Menke.“TheAmericanMedicalAssociationadvisesphysiciansthat'insituationswhereclearevidenceofsubstantialdrivingimpairmentimpliesastrongthreattopatientandpublicsafety,andwherethephysician'sadvicetodiscontinuedrivingprivilegesisignored,itisdesirableandethicaltonotifytheDepartmentofMotorVehicles,”Menkewrote.“Somestatesrequirephysicianstoreport,othersallowbutdonotmandatereports,whileafewconsiderareportabreachofconfidentiality.Therecouldbeliabilityandpenaltiesifaphysiciandoesnotactinaccordancewithstatelawsonreportingandconfidentiality,”shecounseled.Partoftheprobleminkeepingolderdriverssafeisthatthedifficultiesareaddressedpiecemealbydifferentprofessionswithdifferentfocuses,includinggerontologists,highwayadministrationofficials,automotiveengineersandothers,saidgerontologistElizabethDugan.“There'snotaNationalInstituteofOlderDriverStudies,”shesaid.“Weneedbetterevidenceonwhatmakesdriversunsafe”andwhatcanhelp,saidDugan.Onethingthatdoesseemtoworkisrequiringdriverstoreportinpersonforlicenserenewal.Mandatoryin-personrenewalwasassociatedwitha31percentreductioninfatalcrashesinvolvingdrivers85orolder,accordingtoonestudy.Passingvisiontestsalsoproducedasimilardeclineinfatalcrashesforthosedrivers,althoughthereappearedtobenobenefitfromcombiningthetwo.Manyolderdriversdon'tseeeyedoctorsorcan'taffordto.Primarycareprovidershavetheirhandsfullandmaynotbeabletofollowthroughwithpatientswhohavetroubledrivingbecausetheycan'tturntheirheadsorrememberwheretheyaregoing—orhavegottenshorterandhaven'tchangedtheirseatsettingssufficientlytoreachcarpedalseasily.Aslongasthereareothercarsontheroads,self-drivingcarswon'tsolvetheproblemsofcrashes,saidDugan.Avoidingdangersposedbyallthosehumandriverswouldrequiretoomanyalgorithms,shesaid.Butweneedtodomoretoimprovesafety,saidDugan.“Ifwe'regoingtohave100-yearlives,weneedcarsthata90-year-oldcandrivecomfortably.”英語(yǔ)(二)試題.7.(共14頁(yè))31.AccordingtoParagraph1,keepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroad[A]isanewsafetymeasure[B]hasbecomeadisputedissue[C]canbeatoughtasktocomplete[D]willbebeneficialtotheirhealth32.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation'sadvice[A]haswonsupportfromdrivers[B]isgenerallyconsideredunrealistic[C]iswidelydismissedasunnecessary[D]hasmetwithdifferentresponses33.AccordingtoDugan,effortstokeepolderdriverssafe[A]havebroughtaboutbigchanges[B]needtobewellcoordinated[C]havegainedpublicrecognition[D]callforrelevantlegalsupport34.Someolderdrivershavetroubledrivingbecausetheytendto[A]stickwithbaddrivinghabits[B]haveaweakenedmemory[C]sufferfromchronicpains[D]neglectcarmaintenance35.Duganthinksthatthesolutiontotheproblemsofcrashesmayliein[A]upgradingself-drivingvehicles[B]developingsenior-friendlycars[C]renovatingtransportfacilities[D]adjustingtheagelimitfordrivers英語(yǔ)(二)試題.8.(共14頁(yè))connectedhealthdeviceorsomcthingclsc,manyofusaretakingadvantagetechnologytokeepbettelaw,suchastheHealthInsuranticipated.In2021controlofusers'sensitivefertilitydataandshareditwhandlingoftheirsensitivehealthinformation,therateatwhichthesehealthappsarehittingthemarketdemonstratesjusthowimmenscomprehensivefederalprivacylegislationseemsuhealthdata.CaliforniahasbeenattheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyActof2018.Virginia,Colorado英語(yǔ)(二)試題.9.(共14頁(yè))ThersearchfindingsarecitedinParagraph1toshow[A]theprevalenceofhealthapps[B]thepublicconcernoverhealth[C]thepopularityofsmartphones[D]theadvancemcntoftechnology37.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutexistinghealthprivacylaw?[A]Itscoverageneedstobeextended.[B]Itsenforcementneedsstrengthening.[C]Ithasdiscouragedmedicalmisconduct.[D]Ithasdisappointedinsurancecompanies.38.Beforesharingitsusers'healthinformation,FloHealthisrequiredto[A]seektheapprovaloftheFTC[B]findqualifiedthirdparties[C]removeirrelevantpersonaldata[D]obtaintheirexplicitpermission39.WhatchallengeistheFTCcurrentlyfacedwith?[A]Thecomplexityofhealthinformation.[B]Therapidincreaseinnewhealthapps.[C]Thesubtledeceptivenessofhealthapps.[D]Thedifficultyinassessingconsumerharm.40.Itcanbelearmedfromthelastparagraphthathealthdataprotection[A]hasbeenembracedbyhealthappdevelopers[B]hasbeenafocusoffederalpolicy-making[C]hasencounteredoppositioninCalifornia[D]hasgainedlegislativesupportinsomestates英語(yǔ)(二)試題10.(共14頁(yè))participateinalitanyofextracurricularactivitieshopingtobolstertheirchancesofHowever,collegeadmissioextracurricularactivitiesmattersmorethanthenumberofactivitiesheorsheparticipatesin.SueRexford,thedirector“Nocollegewillexpectthatastudenthasahugelaundrylistofextracurricularsthattheyhavebeenpassionatelyinvolvedineachforanextendedperiodoftime.”tialbyfZenAdmissionsconsultingfirm,wrJosephAdegboyega-Edun,aMarylandhighschoolguidaassumingtheydemonstratedseriouscommitment.“Again,sinceonehighschoolseniorsmustconsideris‘Whatmakesyouunique?,`havi英語(yǔ)(二)試題.11、(共14頁(yè))Expertssaydemonstratingtalentinatleastoneextracurricularactivitycanhelpinthecollegeadmissionsprocess,especiallyattop-tierundergraduateinstitutions.“Distinguishingyourselfinonefocusedtypeofextracurricularactivitycanbeapositiveintheadmissionsprocess,espcciallyforhighlyselectiveinstitutions,wherehavingtopgradesandtestscoresisnotenough,”KatieKelley,admissionscounseloratIvyWiseadmissionsconsultancy,wroteinanemail.“Studentsneedtohavethatqualityorhookthatwillappealtoadmissionsofficersandallowthemtovisualizehowthestudentmightcomeandenrichtheircampuscommunity.”Extracurricularactivitiesrelatedtothecollegemajordeclaredonacollegeapplicationarebeneficial,expertssuggest.“Ifyoualreadyknowyourmajor,havinganextracurricularthatfitsintothatmajorcanbeabigplus,”saysMayghinLevine,themanagerofeducationalopportunitieswithTheCabbagePatchSettlementHouse,aLouisville,Kentucky,nonprofitcommunitycenter.Highschoolstudentswhohavehadastrongpositiveinfluenceo