英語時(shí)態(tài)課件

Tenses時(shí)態(tài)一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來一般將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)過去將來過去將來時(shí)一.什么叫時(shí)態(tài)?

在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示;有時(shí)候,發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時(shí)態(tài).二.時(shí)態(tài)跟時(shí)間狀語有關(guān)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionallyeverymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/does

2.一般過去時(shí)

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)

OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時(shí)

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

構(gòu)成法:動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成法:will/shall

+動(dòng)詞原形(“is/am/areto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”)4.過去將來時(shí)(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(now/atthemoment/atpresent…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?

構(gòu)成法:would/should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞7.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.

構(gòu)成法:will/shallbe+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:has/have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞9.過去完成時(shí)(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(shí)(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

構(gòu)成法:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞構(gòu)成法:will/shallhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?

構(gòu)成法:has/havebeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:hadbeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞三.幾種容易用錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài)用法比較在英語實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,并非都會(huì)出現(xiàn)前面提到的時(shí)間狀語幫你決定謂語用什么時(shí)態(tài).高考對(duì)謂語時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要是通過語境來進(jìn)行的.下面我們來分析、比較幾種容易用錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài).

1.

一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapictureinoils.Nowletmeshowittoyou.(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint這一動(dòng)作過去已做過.即:畫已畫好.)

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapicture.NowI‘mgoingtoseewhetherhehasfinishedit.(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint這一動(dòng)作過去在進(jìn)行,但未交代是否已做完)

paintedwaspainting-----Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?-----Sorry,butI_______abath.A.tookB.hadtakenC.wastakingD.wasgoingtotake2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較

Jane

washes

herownclothes.(指通常衣服都是她自己洗)Jane

iswashing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性,未完成,且未交代平時(shí)衣服是否自己洗)

Themanageriskindtousall.(指經(jīng)理的一貫態(tài)度)Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性態(tài)度,表示平時(shí)對(duì)我們大家并不善良)C

3.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)用法比較

客人們昨天已經(jīng)離開上海.

TheguestsleftShanghaiyesterday.(說明left發(fā)生在昨天)

他說客人們已經(jīng)離開上海.

HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強(qiáng)調(diào)hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過去的過去)

AlltheguestshadleftShanghaibyyesterday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說明是在包括昨天在內(nèi)的以前已經(jīng)陸續(xù)“離開”)4.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法比較

Oh,myGod!Ican’tgetin.I__________mykey.ButIdon’tknowwhenandwhereI___________it.havelost/lost/hadlost/mustlose(前一個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“丟失”對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響:

沒有找到,無法進(jìn)門;后一句則強(qiáng)調(diào)“丟失”是在過去何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的.)四.時(shí)態(tài)的替代

1.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí),即:用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí),用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來進(jìn)行時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí).havelostlost

Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.----Don’tallowhimtowatchTVunlesshehasfinished

hishomework.----OK.IfheiswatchingTVbuthasn’tfinishedhishomework,I’llturnofftheTV.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas

2.nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí).Whereveryougo,youwillgetawarmwelcome.3.有部分動(dòng)詞(主要是短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞)可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替

將來時(shí),即:用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí).

(也可用將來時(shí))Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.4.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí):

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預(yù)定時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機(jī)、上下課等.

(也可用一般將來時(shí))Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示反感、反對(duì)、贊揚(yáng)、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.補(bǔ)充1.be+todo表示擬定或計(jì)劃中將發(fā)生的行為或按職責(zé)義務(wù)必須去做的事情；

beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的事，句中一般不使用時(shí)間狀語。Allthequestionsaretobeansweredatonce.Nooneistoleavetheroomwithoutpermission.Weareabouttosetout.2.一般過去時(shí)，往往表示“剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不在這樣”。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我（剛才）不知道你在這里。Ineverthoughthewoulddothat.我從沒想到他會(huì)做出這樣的事。3.表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.4.某些固定句式中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。1）This/Itisthefirst/second…time+that從句。從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如果把前面的is改為was,

則that從句用過去完成時(shí)。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.2)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句。Since從句中一般用過去時(shí)。Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierfortwoyears.3)be(was/were)doing…when….;be(was/were)abouttodo…when…;haddone…when…TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.4)Hardlyhad…done…when…;Nosoonerhad…done…than…意為“一…..就……”Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.5.副詞在句中的位置

Heisalwayslate.Healwaysgoestoschoolbybike.結(jié)論：在be動(dòng)詞之后；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前Hiswifecomplainsthathedoesn’tsometimeslistentoher.Hiswifecomplainsthathesometimesdoesn’tlistentoher.

結(jié)論：副詞一般放在否定助動(dòng)詞之前，但always特殊：Hedoesn’talwaysleavebefore6o’clock.五.兩個(gè)特殊句型的時(shí)態(tài)

1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的定語從句中,要用完成時(shí).HeistheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehadeverseen.2.在先行詞是thefirst/secondtime的定語從句中,也要用完成時(shí).ThisisthethirdtimeIhavevisitedthemuseum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.六.值得注意的兩點(diǎn)

1.一般來說,只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞才有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(包括現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)),如果短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中,則不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而是表示將來或別的含義.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性態(tài)度,表示平時(shí)對(duì)我們大家并不善良)2.只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞才可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(如:for3days,sincelastNovember)連用.Shehascaughtabadcoldforacoupleofdays.

hashad易混時(shí)態(tài)的常錯(cuò)點(diǎn)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.He____abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe___it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.Asshe__thenewspaper,Granny__asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell結(jié)論：長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行時(shí)，被一個(gè)短動(dòng)作打斷，長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行體，短動(dòng)作用一般體。典型易錯(cuò)題3.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose___toher.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened4.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I__(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput易混時(shí)態(tài)的常錯(cuò)點(diǎn)過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)5.WhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguagesbutI___allexceptafewwordsofeach.spoke;hadforgottenspoke;haveforgottenhadspoken;hadforgottenhadspoken;haveforgotten結(jié)論：一般過去時(shí)所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系，是過去事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。易混時(shí)態(tài)的常錯(cuò)點(diǎn)過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)6.Theoldmanwho

inthedesertedhousealonefortenyearshasbeensettledinanursinghomenow.A.Lived

B.haslivedC.hasbeenlivin