起重機使用說明書(中英雙語)

PAGE102目錄Catalogue概述I.Overview1.1起重機的主要用途1.1TheMainApplicationofCrane1.2起重機基本性能參數(shù)及構(gòu)造1.2BasicPerformanceParameterandStructureofCrane起重機的安裝與調(diào)試II.InstallingandDebuggingofCrane2.1安裝準備及注意事項2.1PreparationandAttentionstoInstalling2.2橋架的吊裝2.2HoistingofCraneSpanStructure2.3小車的安裝2.3TrolleyInstalling2.4大車運行機構(gòu)2.4CartTravellingMechanism電氣控制原理與安裝III.ElectricalControlTheoryandInstalling起重機的運轉(zhuǎn)試驗IV.CommissioningofCrane4.1試車前的準備與檢查4.1PreparationandExaminationBeforeCommissioning4.2無負荷試驗4.2ZeroLoadCommissioning4.3負荷試驗4.3LoadCommissioning起重機的維護保養(yǎng)與潤滑V.MaintainingandLubricatingofCrane5.1金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的檢查5.1ExaminationtoMetalConstruction5.2機構(gòu)的檢查與維護5.2ExaminationandMaintaintotheMechanism5.3控制系統(tǒng)檢查與電氣設(shè)備的維護5.3ExaminationtoControlSystemandMaintaintoElectricalEquipments5.4起重機的潤滑5.4LubricatingtoCrane起重機常見故障及處理VI.CraneCommonProblemsandSolution起重機的使用須知VII.UserGuideofCrane附錄A、BVIII.AttachmentA,andB

概述I.Overview本說明書適用于電動雙梁橋式起重機（包括吊鉤、抓斗、電磁、防爆、絕緣、兩用、三用）的安裝、維護，供安裝、操作和維修人員使用。ThisinstructionisforservicemantoinstallandmaintaintheElectricTwo-beamBridgeCrane(includingLiftingHook,GrabBucket,Electromagnetism,Insulation,Dual-purposeandTriple-purpose)1.1起重機的主要用途1.1TheMainApplicationofCrane電動橋式起重機用于工廠、電站、庫房、料場等固定跨間內(nèi)搬運物料，安裝維修設(shè)備。根據(jù)使用要求按取物裝置可分如下幾種類型：ElectricalBridgeCraneisappliedfortransportingmaterialsincertainspanandinstallingequipmentsinworkshop,powerstation,storehouseandstockground,etc.Accordingtoapplicationrequirementsandgrabbingdevice,itcandividedintofollowingtypes.吊鉤橋式起重機A.LiftingHookBridgeCrane適用于礦、企業(yè)的車間、倉庫等在室內(nèi)或室外的固定跨間作一般裝卸及起重運輸工作，一般分中級和重級兩種工作制度。中級適用于機械加工、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)、裝配，重級適用于冶煉車間和參加連續(xù)生產(chǎn)的搬運工作。當?shù)踹\危險物品活灼熱熔液時，應(yīng)配置雙制動器。LiftingHookBridgeCrane,withmiddleclassandheavyclassworkcondition,ismainlyusedtoloadorunloadandliftingworkinindoorsoroutdoorswithinafixedspaninmine,workshop,storehouse,etc.Themiddleclasssuitsformachineryprocessing,metalstructure,andinstalling,theheavyclassaimsforsmeltingworkshopandcontinuoustransportingcondition.Dual-brakeshouldbeemployedwhenliftingdangerousgoodslikescorchinghotliquor.B.抓斗橋式起重機B.GrabBucketBridgeCrane適用于冶金、化工、水泥及其他企業(yè)的倉庫和車間，在室內(nèi)或露天的固定跨間從事礦石、石灰石、煤、砂等散粒物料的搬運工作。抓取裝置為雙卷筒的四繩平口抓斗。抓斗可在任一高度張開和閉合，當抓去物堅實料塊狀大于60mm以上需選用帶齒抓斗。GrabBucketBridgeCraneiswidelyusedinstorehouseandworkshopofsmelting,cementandchemicalindustries,aimingtoliftingunpackagedmaterialslikeore,limestone,coal,sandinafixedspanindoorsandoutdoors.Thegrabbingdeviceisdualreel4ropesplainbucketwhichcanstretchoutandcloseupinanyheight.Whenthematerialisbiggerthan60mm,thetoothedgrabbingbucketshouldbeequipped.抓斗只適用于自然堆積狀態(tài)下的散粒物料，當抓取水下物料須特殊說明。抓斗橋式起重機的額定起重量是抓斗的自重和被起重物品重量的總和。Grabbingbucketisusuallysuittotheunpackagedmaterialinnaturalcondition.Itshouldbereportedatbeforehandwhengrabbingunderwater.TheratedliftingcapacityofGrabBucketBridgeCraneisthesummationofthegrabbingbucketitselfandtheliftinggoods.C.電磁橋式起重機C.ElectromagnetismBridgeCrane電磁橋式起重機帶有可卸的電磁盤，適用于冶金工廠，在室內(nèi)、露天的固定跨間里較繁忙地裝卸及搬運具有導磁性的黑色金屬制品的材料，電磁盤由小車上的電纜卷筒直接供電。電磁橋式起重機的額定起重量是指電磁盤的重量和被起重物品重量的總和。ElectromagnetismBridgeCrane,withaelectromagnetismchunk,isusuallyusedinsmeltingworkshopwithinafixedspanindoorsoroutdoorstowherethemagneticorblackmetalgoodsneededtobeliftedfrequently.Thepowerofelectromagnetismchunkissuppliedbycablereeloftrolley.TheratedliftingcapacityofElectromagnetismBridgeCraneisthesummationoftheelectromagnetismchunkitselfandtheliftinggoods.D.兩用橋式起重機D.Dual-purposeBridgeCrane分為抓斗——電磁兩用和抓斗——吊鉤兩用，為了提高生產(chǎn)效率，在一臺小車上同時裝有吊鉤和抓頭或者電磁盤和抓斗，但每一32作循環(huán)只能使用其中一種取物裝置。Dual-purposeBridgeCraneincludesthedual-purposebetweengrabbingbucketandelectromagnetism,anddual-purposebetweengrabbingbucketandliftinghook.Inordertoenhancetheefficiency,theliftinghookandgrabbingbucketorelectromagnetismandgrabbingbucketcanbeinstalledinatrolleyatthesametime,buttheliftingdevicescanonlybeusedoneatatime.E.三用普通吊鉤起重機E.Triple-purposeLiftingHookCrane帶有可卸的點磁盤，馬達抓斗，吊鉤的起重機，稱為三用起重機，三種取物裝置可以互換使用，可運送成品件、散粒物品或帶磁性的金屬材料，但每次只能使用其中的一種。Thecraneinstalledwithdetachableelectromagnetismchunk,motorgrabbingbucketandliftinghooktogetheriscalledTriple-purposeLiftingHookCrane.Itismainlyusedtolifttheendproduct,unpackagedmaterialsormagneticmetalmaterial.Thesethreetypesliftingdevicescanbeusedalternatively,butoneatatime.F.防爆吊鉤橋式起重機F.Anti-explosionLiftingHookBridgeCrane防爆起重機適用于具有易燃、易爆氣體混合物的車間、倉庫等，均作一般運輸作業(yè)。防爆等級根據(jù)JB5897-1991標準的規(guī)定有二大類，I類為礦用起重機，II類為工廠用起重機。該起重機電氣設(shè)備均具有防爆性能，機械部分也采用相應(yīng)的防爆措施，防止起重機在運行過程中可能產(chǎn)生的火花而引起燃燒或爆炸事故的發(fā)生。各防爆電氣均為“EX”標志起重機的防爆級別，應(yīng)根據(jù)危險物質(zhì)的分級來選擇，按I，IIA，IIB，IIC表示為四個級別（I類用電壓660V-1140V，II類用電壓380V）。工廠常用IIB、IIC級（ExdIIBT4、ExdIICT4），詳細說明見附錄A。Anti-explosionLiftingHookBridgeCraneisappliedforcommonliftingworkinworkshoporstorehousewithinflammableandexplosiveairmixture.Therearetwoanti-explosiongradesbasedonthestandardofJB5897-1991,I-typeisthecraneusedformine,andII-typeisthecraneusedforfactory.Allelectricalequipmentsonthiskindofcranehavethefunctionforanti-explosion.Toavoidtheflameandexplosiveaccidentscausedontheoperatingofcrane,themechanicalpartsalsoownthecapacityforanti-explosion.Theanti-explosiongradeofeachelectricalequipmentislabelled"EX".Customersshouldchoosethesuitablecraneaccordingtothedangerousgradesofmaterialtobelifted.Thereare4grades,namelyI,IIA,IIB,IIC(VoltageofI:660V-1140V,VoltageofII:380V).IIBandIIC(ExdIIBT4、ExdIICT4)gradearewidelyusedinfactories.CheckthedetailsonAttachmentAlater.G.絕緣吊鉤橋式起重機G.InsulationLiftingHookBridgeCrane絕緣吊鉤橋式起重機適用于鋁、鎂等電解車間用，為了防止在工作過程中，帶電物品可能通過被吊運的構(gòu)件傳到起重機上，危機司機的生命安全，所以在起重機的適當部位設(shè)置了幾道絕緣裝置，一般為三道，稱之為絕緣起重機，每道絕緣值不小于1mΩ，詳細說明見附錄B。InsulationLiftingHookBridgeCraneisusuallyusedinaluminiumandmagnesiumworkshop.Toavoidtheelectricityonliftinggoodsleadthepowertothecranethroughtheliftinghookstothreatenthedriver,therearesomeinsulationdeviceonthiskindofcrane.Generally,therearethreeinsulationdeviceswiththeinsulationcapacitynolessthan1mΩeach.CheckthedetailsonAttachmentBlater.H.雙小車橋式起重機H.Dual-trolleyBridgeCrane在一臺起重機上有兩臺小車，兩臺小車相同機構(gòu)的操作既可聯(lián)動，也可單獨使用。Therearetwotrolleysonthiskindofcrane.Thetwotrolleyscanbeusedtogetherorseparated.I.移動司機室橋式起重機I.MovableDriver'sRoomBridgeCrane為便于司機操作準確，起重機司機室可沿橋架隨小車移動或司機室可沿主梁單獨移動。Toincreasetheaccuracyofdriveroperationcapacity,thedriver'sroomofthiskindofcraneismovablewithtrolleyoncranespanstructureormoveonthemasterbeamitself.1.2起重機基本性能參數(shù)及構(gòu)造1.2BasicPerformanceParameterandStructureofCrane起重機的參數(shù)包涵了起重機的作業(yè)能力，其主要參數(shù)有：起重量、起升高度、跨度、工作級別、工作速度、防爆等級等。Thebasicperformanceparameterofcraneincludestheliftingcapacity,liftingheight,span,workclassification,speedandanti-explosiongrades,etc.橋式雙梁起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)主要由橋架，大車運行機構(gòu)和裝有起升、運行機構(gòu)的小車組成。其橋架由鋼板焊成的箱形主梁、端梁、走臺等組成。主梁上鋪設(shè)供小車運行的鋼軌，兩主梁的外側(cè)裝有走臺，一側(cè)為安裝及檢修大車運行機構(gòu)安放電氣柜而設(shè)，另一側(cè)為安裝小車導電裝置而設(shè)。在主梁下面懸掛操縱室、操縱室內(nèi)裝有聯(lián)動控制臺或凸輪控制器，操縱室與走臺裝有直梯或斜梯，主梁連接在中間帶有接頭的兩端梁上。ThestructureofTwo-beamBridgeCraneconsistsofthespan,carttravellingsystemandtheliftingandtravellingsystemoftrolley.Thespanstructureismadeofthesteelboxlikemasterbeam,endbeamandwalkingboard.Thesteelrailfortrolleytravellingisinstalledonthemasterbeam.Therearetwowalkingboardonthesideoftwomasterbeams,oneisforinstallingandmaintainingtheelectricalcabinofcarttravellingsystem,theotherisforinstallingelectricconductiondevicefortrolleytravelling.Theoperatingroomishangedunderthemasterbeamwithlinkagecontrolstationandcamcontrolsysteminside.Thereareverticalladderandinclinedladderbetweenoperatingroomandwalkingboard.Themasterbeamsareconnectedonthetwoendbeamswithjoint.大車運行機構(gòu)采用分別驅(qū)動形式（圖1/1），起重機大車車輪為四個或八個（特殊情況可更多），車輪與帶有滾動軸承的角型軸承箱（或45°剖分機構(gòu)軸承箱）組裝后安裝在端梁或平衡臺車上。Carttravellingsystemtakesindividualdrive(Diagram1/1).Thereare4or8wheelsofcart(wheelscanbemorethan8ifnecessary),wheelsandtheAngleTypeBearingBox(or45°BearingBox)withrollingbearingwillbeinstalledontheendbeamsorthebalancingplatformcartafterassembly.起重機小車由起升機構(gòu)（圖1—2）和小車運行機構(gòu)（圖1—3）所組成，起升機構(gòu)裝有起升限位安全開關(guān)裝置。Trolleysystemisconsistedofliftingsystemandtrolleytravellingsystem.Thelimitedswitchdeviceisinstalledontheliftingsystem.小車的供電采用懸掛式導電形式，電纜滑車所使用的軌道為I型或異型內(nèi)卷邊槽鋼，大車導電處設(shè)有導電維修平臺，根據(jù)用戶要求操縱室內(nèi)可附設(shè)電熱器、冷風機、空調(diào)等，其使用請參閱配套廠的說明書，起重機的性能參數(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)詳見隨即附加圖，并以附加圖為準。Trolleytakessuspensiontypeelectricconductionforpowersupply.TherailofcablepulleyisI-likeorabnormalshapeinsidecurlingChannelSteel.Therearemaintainplatformoncartelectricconductionplace,customercaninstalltheelectricheater,aircooler,andair-conditionbasedontheirownchoice.Pleasechecktheattacheddiagramsfortheperformanceparametersandstructureofcrane,andtheattacheddiagramstoprevail.起重機的安裝與調(diào)試II.InstallingandDebuggingofCrane2.1安裝準備及注意事項2.1PreparationandAttentionstoInstalling起重機安裝人員在進場開始安裝前，應(yīng)會同委托安裝單位及制造單位的代表一起開箱，按照隨機所帶的裝箱單，清點核對交貨物與裝箱單所列的零部件數(shù)量是否相符，有無短缺和損傷，隨箱文件是否齊全，然后應(yīng)檢查所有文件和金屬結(jié)構(gòu)外觀有無損壞，對照安裝架設(shè)附加圖和有關(guān)技術(shù)文件中的技術(shù)要求，認真研究安裝方案和安裝架設(shè)的具體程序。Beforeinstalling,theinstallationpersonnelshouldcheckthepackageofmachineswiththerepresentativesofmanufacturerandcustomertoseethecompletenessofsparesandinstallingguidedocumentations.Bythehelpofdiagramsandtechniquerequirements,installationpersonnelshouldworkoutascientificinstallingplan.起重機卸車搬運，應(yīng)特別注意避免發(fā)生起重機受到扭、彎、撞擊等事故，起吊時至少須有兩個吊點，吊點的捆扎處須有襯墊物，捆扎以走輪或主梁本身為限，并盡可能選在橋架的兩端即主梁與端梁的連接處，存放時應(yīng)安置平穩(wěn)，并用枕木放平墊實，安置前應(yīng)對因搬運不當和存放不好造成的缺陷和超過規(guī)定誤差的部分，按技術(shù)要求調(diào)整修復，對金屬結(jié)構(gòu)部件的缺陷，必須在地面得到校正，否則不準架設(shè)。Whenassemblingthesparesofcrane,specialattentionshouldpaidtoavoidthesprain,bend,andstrike.Whenlifting,thereshouldbenolessthantwopointsforhookwithsarkoneachpoint.Onlytieupthewheelandmasterbeamthemselvesandmanagetochoosetheconnectingpointbetweenmasterbeamandassistantbeamforholding.Storethesparessmoothandsteadywithsleeperatthebottom.Accordingtothetechniquedemanding,correctandrepairthedefectsanderrorscausedbyunfittedmovingbeforeinstalling.Forthedefectsofmetalspares,itmustbecorrectedonground,oritcannotbeassembled.2.2橋架的吊裝2.2HoistingofCraneSpanStructure橋架是橋式起重機的主體，其架設(shè)和組裝都有嚴格的技術(shù)要求，并有一套嚴格的測量方法來測量安裝結(jié)果。Thespanstructureisthemainbodyofcrane,therearestricttechnicalrequirementsforitsassemblyandinstalling,andalsothereisaseriesofstrictmeasurementtoestimatetheinstallingresult.2.2.1安裝方法與要求2.2.1InstallingmethodandrequirementA)墊橋架的要求：對于起重量≤75噸的起重機，一般采用地面組裝整體架設(shè)。地面組裝時應(yīng)將起重機支撐在按起重機跨度臨時搭起的架子上，使主梁離開地面。如果架子上可以鋪設(shè)鋼軌，則大車車輪可直接放在鋼軌上，否則應(yīng)把支架墊在主梁的下蓋板靠近主梁兩端變高處。無論采用哪種方法墊，均需用水平儀找正。鋪鋼軌的以鋼軌上平面為基準找水平；墊在主梁下的，在端梁寬度中心線上，距小車軌道中心線如圖2—1的A、B、C和D四點上測量橋架的水平。A)Cushionrequirementforinstallingcranespanstructure:forthecranewithliftingcapacityupthan75t,thewayofgroundassemblingandwholecraneinstallingusuallyemployed.Putthecraneontheframebuildaccordingtothecranespantosupportcranewhenassemblingonground,withmasterbeamuntouchedtoground.Ifthesteelrailcanbelayingontheframe,thenputthecartwheelonthesteelraildirectly,ortheframeshouldputunderthelowcoverclosetomasterbeam.Anywaytakes,thegradientershouldbeusedtomakesurethestraight.Assemblingsteelrailbasedonthecriteriononthesurfaceofsteelrail,measurethehorizontalofspanonthepointsA,B,CandDonDiagram2—1.在測量水平位置之前，應(yīng)將端梁按圖樣規(guī)定的方法（用鉸制孔螺栓或用鉸軸）連接好。有雛形踏面的車輪，應(yīng)使鋼軌的側(cè)面與絕緣接觸，以免影響水平的準確性。ConnectingtheassistantbeamaccordingtotheguideonDiagram(usereamerholeboltorcardinalaxis)beforemeasuringthehorizontal.Toavoidtheaccuracyofhorizontal,thesidefaceofsteelrailshouldconnectwithinsulationforrudimentlandingpitchwheel.B）組裝橋架的質(zhì)量要求B)Thequalityrequirementsoncranespanstructureinstalling支撐點設(shè)在車輪下的橋架，可按表2—1的規(guī)定，逐項檢查橋架的安裝質(zhì)量，如是墊在主梁下，則除主梁上拱度一項外，其余項目均可檢查，同時還可以檢查大車運行機構(gòu)的安裝質(zhì)量。Forthesupportingpointunderthespan,qualityexaminationforspaninstallingcanbecarriedoutaccordingtoSheet2—1.Forthesupportingpointunderthemasterbeam,alltheitemscanbeexaminedexcepttheupcamberofmasterbeam,meantime,thecarttravellingstructureinstallingqualitycanbeexaminedtoo.2.3小車的安裝2.3TrolleyInstalling中小噸位的小車制造廠已經(jīng)組裝完成并經(jīng)過試運行，經(jīng)檢測和必要的調(diào)整，即可裝在橋架上，需解體的大噸位小車，組裝前按連接部位標號圖進行組裝，然后整體吊裝在橋架上。Forthemiddleandsmalltonnagetrolley,itsproducerhasfinishedtheassemblyandcommissioning,aftertheexaminationandadjustment,thetrolleycanbeinstalledonthespandirectly.Forthetrolleywithlargetonnage,assemblingitbythehelpofthenumberorderonDiagram,thenputthetrolleyonthespan.2.4大車運行機構(gòu)2.4CartTravellingMechanism大車運行結(jié)構(gòu)已由制造廠組裝在橋加上，并試運轉(zhuǎn)合格。大車運行機構(gòu)在起重機組裝完成后，應(yīng)根據(jù)下列要求進行安裝檢查：Thecarttravellingmechanismhasbeenassembledonthespanandtestedsuccessfulbyitsproducer.Thebelowexaminationsshouldbecarriedoutaftertheassemblyofcarttravellingmechanismandcrane.檢查基準：檢查運行機構(gòu)時，應(yīng)以主動輪外側(cè)為基準。A)Benchmarkexamination:theoutboardofactivewheelisthebenchmarkwhenexaminingcarttravellingmechanism.車輪端面的水平偏斜如圖2—2，每個車輪的水平偏斜，P≤L/1000（L為測量長度），且兩個主動（或被動）車輪的不平行方向應(yīng)相反，如圖2—3所示的任何一種組合形式都是符合要求的。 B)SeeDiagram2—2forhorizontaldeflectofwheelendface.ThehorizontaldeflectofeachwheelP≤L/1000(Listhelengthofmeasurement)andthenonparalleldirectionoftwoactive(orpassive)wheelisopposite.EachcombinationformontheDiagram2—3isfeasible.測量跨度：見圖表2—1C)Spanexamination:seeSheet2—1車輪找正：車輪找正包括平行度、垂直度及同位差。D)Correctiontowheels:depthofparallelism,verticalityandtheidiostatic.平行度：用0.6—1.0mm尼龍線，在車輪下部拉上兩條平行線，看車輪內(nèi)外側(cè)面與平行線接觸的情況，如果平行線在車輪4個側(cè)面上都均勻接觸，這說明前后車輪平行并在同一條中心線上，如果有間隙，則測量一下尺寸是否在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，若不在規(guī)定的釣范圍內(nèi)，應(yīng)松開固定角軸承箱的螺栓，進行調(diào)整，必要時，可把固定角型軸承箱的墊板鏟下來或用氣割下來，待車輪調(diào)好后再焊。a.Depthofparallelism:tietwoparallellines(0.6—1.0mmnylonline)underthewheeltochecktheparallelisminsideandoutsideofwheel.Ifthelinecanuniformcontactatthe4sidesofwheelwhichmeansthatthefrontandbackwheelisparallelandinthesamecenterline.Ifthereisinterval,thenmeasureagainandmakesurewhetherthedistanceiswithintherangeofstandard,ifnot,adjustandmeetthestandard.Ifnecessary,thebaseplateofbearingboxcanbeunloadbygascuttingandwelditupafteradjustment.垂直度：車輪在垂直方向偏斜不應(yīng)大于L/400（L為測量長度），且上部應(yīng)向外（如圖2—4）。b.Verticality:ThehorizontaldeflectofwheelshouldbenomorethanL/400(Listhelengthofmeasurement),andtheuppershouldfaceoutside(SeeDiagram2—4).同一端梁下車輪的同位差（圖2—5）：車輪同位允差：2個車輪時≤2mm，3個以上時≤3mm。測量方法：在端梁外側(cè)拉一鋼絲，平行于端梁中心線，其高度接近于車輪的輪緣，測量點在車輪的垂直中心線上，測量出鋼絲與各輪測量點之距離；選定一個車輪為基準，則其他車輪的同位差即可計算出來。c.Thewheelidiostaticofthesameassistantbeam(SeeDiagram2—5):wheelappositionfranchise:2wheels:≤2mm,3ormorethan3:≤3mm.Measuringmethod:drawasteellineontheoutsideoutassistantbeamparallelwithitscenterline.Theheightclosetotheedgeofthewheel,themeasuringpointisonthemiddleofwheelverticalcenterline.Carryoutthedistancebetweensteellineandmeasuringpointofeachwheel.Chooseonewheelasbenchmark,thentheresultsofotherwheelscanbegetwithsamemethodtoo.

三、電氣控制原理與安裝III.ElectricalControlTheoryandInstalling3.1電氣控制原理3.1ElectricalControlTheory電動雙梁橋式起重機的電氣線路由配電保護和照明訊號電路、各機構(gòu)的主電路、控制電路組成。其系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖3-1所示。Theelectricalsystemofdual-beambridgecraneconsistsofpowerdistributionprotect,lightingsignalcircuit,mastercircuitofeachsubsystemandcontrolcircuit.TheDiagram3—1isthestructurechartofelectricalsystem.(1)配電保護和照明訊號電路(1)powerdistributionprotectandlightingsignalcircuit電動雙梁橋式起重機采用92聯(lián)合設(shè)計的QB1-QB4系列保護柜為全車的配電保護裝置，用于調(diào)速與起制動要求不高的場合。下面以QB4E型為例，簡要說明之。Theelectricaldual-beambridgecranetakesthe92joint-designQB1-QB4seriesprotectcabintoensurethepowerdistributionprotectdevice.TakeQB4Easaexample:主回路電路圖和控制回路電路圖分別如圖3-2，圖3-3所示。種類代號帶有前綴符號“—”，表示此項目不在保護柜內(nèi)。MajorloopcircuitdiagramandcontrolloopcircuitdiagramisshownbyDiagram3—2andDiagram3—3respectively.ThetypesNo.with"—"infrontaretheitemsexcludedinprotectcabin.A.系統(tǒng)總短路保護采用斷路器，控制回路及照明訊號回路等各分支的短路保護采用斷路器或熔斷器。A.Thesystemmajorshort-circuitprotectionusebreaker,forcontrolloopandlightingsignalloop,thebreakerorfuseprotectorcanbeemployedboth.B.主接觸器KO按照能夠通過本機的電流容量進行選擇。B.ThemastercontactorKOcanbeelectedaccordingtothetotalcurrentcapacityofcrane.C.各機構(gòu)繞線式電動機由電流繼電器保護C.Thewoundrotorinductionmotorofeachsubsystemisprotectedbycurrentrelay.D.保護柜與凸輪控制器或主令控制器相配合，用于起重機作業(yè)零壓保護，門開關(guān)保護，終端限位保護。D.Theprotectcabinandsamcontrollerormastercontrollerworktogetherforcraneworkingzero-pressureprotect,doorswitchprotectandendinglimitprotect.E.欄桿門安全開關(guān)—S90~—S93，串聯(lián)連接在主接觸器KO里，其中任何一個沒有關(guān)好，都使整車送不上電，開不了車，以防有人上下車時開動起重機而造成人身傷害事故（根據(jù)用戶要求，可設(shè)計有上下車請求信號裝置）。E.Toavoidtheaccidentwhenpeoplegetonoroffcrane,therailingdoorswitchS90~—S93areconnectedtomastercontactorKObyseriesconnection,theadvantageofthisarrangementisthatanyofthethemarenotconnected,therewillbenopoweroncrane.各機構(gòu)的零位觸頭，=10—S40（小車），=06—S40（副起升），=12—S40（大車），可確保主接觸器KO只有在其操作手柄均在零位時才能接通。避免因故突然停電，恢復來電時自動啟動：=12—S90，=12—S90，=10—S90，=10—S90，大小車限位開關(guān)，當某一方向達到極限時，停止運行，同時提供其反方向運行的通路；=06—S90（副起升）上升限位開關(guān)，當其達到上升極限時，停止運行，同時提供下降方向運行的通路。Eachzeropositioncontactterminalofsubsystem=10—S40（trolley），=06—S40（assistantlifting），=12—S40（cart）canensurethatthemastercontactorKOconnectedwithpowerwhenitsoperatinggripisonthezeroposition.Incaseofpoweroffsuddenly,thefollowingswitchwillbere-startautomaticwhenpowerback:=12—S90，=12—S90，=10—S90，=10—S90,whenonedirectionreachesthelimit,cartandtrolleylimitswitchwillbestopandofferthewayfortheoppositedirection.whenthelimitreached,=06—S90(assistantlifting)limitswitchwillbestopandofferthewayfordropdirection.F.有鑰匙開關(guān)—S11（僅在聯(lián)動臺控制方式時有），啟動按鈕—S10，停止按鈕—S21。還有緊急停止按鈕—S12（圖中沒畫出）可在緊急情況下斷開斷路器Q0和主接觸器KO。F.Keyswitch—S11(onlyexistinthewayoflinkagestationcontrol),startbutton—S10andstopbutton—S21.Emergencystopbutton—S12(UnmarkedontheDiagram)canbreakthebreakerQ0andmastercontactorKOinemergent.斷路器F30保護變壓器T20，提供AC220V橋下照明電源，熔斷器F03，F(xiàn)04保護變壓器T00，其中220伏繞組為空調(diào)，冷風機，電暖器等設(shè)備所用；36V繞組提供電鈴及檢修電源用。F.BreakerF30protecttransformerT20andsupplyAC220Vforlighting.FuseprotectorF03,F04protecttransformerT00.The220Vwindingissharedwithair-condition,air-coolerandelectricheater,etc.36Vwindingsupplypowerforthebellandmaintaining.項目代號中高層代號的含意是：G:ThemeaningofitemsNo.=05為主升機結(jié)構(gòu)；=05themasterliftingsystem=06為副升機結(jié)構(gòu)；=06theassistantliftingsystem=10為小車結(jié)構(gòu)；=10thetrolleysystem=12為大車結(jié)構(gòu)。=12thecartsystem(2)電氣控制(2)Electriccontrol電動雙梁橋式起重機，大、小車和起升結(jié)構(gòu)的電氣控制，請參閱隨機附帶的電氣原理圖。以下分別以QR2S系列單電機起升控制電路和QR3Y系列平移機構(gòu)控制電路為例，簡述其工作原理和特點。Pleaseseeelectrictheorydiagramenclosedforelectriccontrolofbridgecranecart,trolleyandliftingsystem.FollowingaretheexamplesofQR2SseriessinglemotorliftingcontrolcircuitandQR3Yseriestranslationsystemcontrolcircuittoexplaintheworkingtheoryandproperties.QR2S系列單電機起升控制電路圖見圖3—4。PleaseseeDiagram3—4forQR2SseriessinglemotorliftingcontrolcircuitA.線路為不可逆不對稱線路，主令控制器檔數(shù)位3—0—3。A.Thecircuitisirreversibleandunsymmetric,thegradeofmastercontrolleris3—0—3.B.定子接觸器額定電流在250A及以下時起動電阻為五級（不包括常串級），其中第一、二級由手動切除，第三、四、五級由時間繼電器自動切除；定子接觸器額定電流在250A及以上時啟動電阻為六級（不包括常串級），其中第一、二級由手動切除，第三、四、五、六級由時間繼電器自動切除。B.Startingresistanceisgrade5whenstatorcontactorratedcurrentunder250A(constantcascadestageisexcluded).Thefirstandsecondgradearecutdownbyhand,andthird,fourthandfifthgradeareautomaticlycutdownbytimerelay.Startingresistanceisgrade6whenstatorcontactorratedcurrentover250A(constantcascadestageisexcluded).Anditsfirstandsecondgradearecutdownbyhand,andthird,fourth,fifthandsixthgradeareautomaticlycutdownbytimerelay.C.主令控制器下降一、二檔為反接制動，可實現(xiàn)負載慢速下降，第三檔為再生制動，可使負載快速下降。C.Itistranspositionbrakewhenmastercontrollerdescendto1or2gearswhichcancompleteloadlowspeeddropping,thethirdgeariscalledregenerativebrakingwhichcancompleteloadfastspeeddropping.D.線路允許從下降第三檔打上任何檔。當主令器手柄離開下降第三檔后，K20常閉觸頭恢復接通，K041常開觸頭延時接通，保證K43接通（確保電動機現(xiàn)在短接一級電阻情況下反接制動減速，然后轉(zhuǎn)入升運行）。D.Circuitallowstoanygearfromdroppingthirdgear.Afterseparationofmastercontrollerhandshankfromthirdgear,theK20normalclosecontactterminalrecoverpoweron,K041normalopencontactterminaldelaypoweronandensurethepowerconnectionofK43(makesurethetranspositionbrakespeedreductionwhenmotorshortcircuittograde1resistance).E.當主令控制器手柄從某一位置退回零檔時，K70立即開斷，由于K040的常閉觸頭延時開斷，使K050和K10也延時開斷，從而使制動器先于主電機斷電，防止停車時溜鉤。E.K70willbeoffautomaticallywhenmastercontrollerhandshankgoesbacktozeropositionfromsomegear.Thedelayedcut-offofK040normalcloseterminalmakesthedelaycut-offofK050andK10andthenthebrakewillbeoffofpowerbeforemastermotortoavoidslideofhook.F.在時間繼電器K040線圈回路有K10、K20常閉觸頭和K70常開觸頭串聯(lián)控制，其作用為，當K10與K20都沒有接通，而K70產(chǎn)生非正常接通時，K040也將接通，使K050線圈失電，K70斷開以防止重物自由下落。F.ThereareK10andK20normalcloseterminalsandK70normalopenterminalcasecadecontrolontimerelayK040.WhenK10andK20offofpowerandK70connectedabnormally,K040willconnectedtoowhichcausestheloseofpowerofK050coilandoffofK70toavoiddroppingofliftinggoods.G.在K10與K20線圈回路中串有轉(zhuǎn)子接觸器K43、K42、K41、K40的常閉觸頭組成熔焊檢查環(huán)節(jié)，只有上述接觸器正常斷開，才允許正、反轉(zhuǎn)接觸器K10和K20接通。G.TherearefusionweldingofnormalcloseterminalsofrotorcontactorK43,K42,K41andK40betweenthecoilofK10andK20.H.被控電動機的機械特性見圖3—5。H.CheckmechanicalcharacteristicsofcontrolledmotoronDiagram3—5.I.電控設(shè)備所匹配的電阻器型號為RF5，該系列電阻設(shè)有可調(diào)節(jié)掃頭，上升1檔轉(zhuǎn)矩可按需要調(diào)整。I.ThematchedresistorofelectriccontrolequipmentisRF5.Thereisadjustableterminalonthisseriesresistor,theadjustmentcanbemadeforgoingup1geartorquebasedonrequirement.QR3Y系列平移機構(gòu)控制柜（屏）電路。QR3Yseriestranslationsystemcontrolcabin(screen)circuitQR1—3Y系列平移機構(gòu)控制柜（屏）也是92聯(lián)合設(shè)計產(chǎn)品。其中QR1Y系列是在原74統(tǒng)一設(shè)計產(chǎn)品（PQY1—4）基礎(chǔ)上修改設(shè)計而成，QR2—3Y則是新設(shè)計產(chǎn)品。QR2Y系列采用了滑行檔減速環(huán)節(jié)，QR3Y系列又在QR2Y系列的基礎(chǔ)上增加了允許打反接的特點。下面以QR3Y系列為例，簡述其工作原理及特點。其典型電路圖和電動機機械特性圖分別見圖3—6和3—7所示。QR1—3Yseriestranslationsystemcontrolcabin(screen)istheunionproductof92.AndQR1Yseriesisthemodifieronthebaseof74(PQY1—4)，QR2—3Yisthenewproduct.QR2Ytakestheslidegearspeedreduction,andQR3YisaddedtheinversedgraftingpropertybasedonQR2Y.TakeQR3Yfollowingforanexampletoexplaintheworkingtheoryandproperties.PleaseseeDiagram3—6andDiagram3—7fortypicalcircuitandmotormechanicalcharacteristics.QR3Y系列為可逆對稱電路，主令控制器檔數(shù)為4—0—4；起動電阻為四級（不包括常串極），第一級由手動切除，其余均有時間繼電器控制自動切除。其特點除第一檔為滑行檔外，還允許在運行過程中打反向任意檔而不會造成電動機電流沖擊過大（電路能保證電動機先串全部電阻反接制動減速，然后反向起動）并有轉(zhuǎn)子接觸器熔焊檢查環(huán)節(jié)（同QR2S系列）。QR3Yseriesisreversiblesymmetriccircuit.Themastercontrollergearsare4—0—4.Thestartingresistanceisgrade4,thefirstgradeiscontrolledbyhand,andothersarecontrolledbytimerelayautomatically.Theproperties,excepttheslidegearofthefirst,allowreversedirectiongearswhenworkingwhichcannotresultinovercompactofmotorcurrent(thecircuitcanmakesuremotorcasecadewithallresistanceanti-brakespeedreduction,thenback-to-backstarting),thereisrotorcontactorfusionweldingtoo(thesamewithQR2Sseries).(3)操縱(3)Operation所有操縱元件全部裝在操縱室內(nèi)，各機構(gòu)控制器及啟動按鈕、緊急開關(guān)、腳踏電鈴開關(guān)均勻地分布在司機的周圍，使其操作起來方便自如。Alloperatingcomponentsareinstalledinsideoperatingroom,controllerandstartingbutton,emergentswitchandfootbellswitch,etcareallfixedarounddrive'sseatforconvenienceofoperation.如采用聯(lián)動臺操縱，則在聯(lián)動臺上裝有控制機構(gòu)運行的控制器，電源指示燈電鎖、啟停按鈕、緊急開關(guān)、腳踏電鈴開關(guān)等電器元件。Iftakelinkagewayoperation,thecontroller,powerlight,startandstopbuttons,emergentswitchandfootbell,etcareallinstalledonlinkageplatform.小車運行機構(gòu)由一個手柄操縱，橫向控制大車，縱向控制小車。兩機構(gòu)可以單獨操縱，也可以同時操縱。Cartandtrolleytravellingsystemsarecontrolledbyonehandshank,horizontaldirectionforcontrolofcartandlongitudinaldirectionfortrolley.Twosystemscanbeusedtogetherorseparated.雙鉤起重機的主、副鉤起升機構(gòu)分別由兩個手柄操縱。Themasterandassistantliftinghookofdoublehookscranecanbecontrolledbytwohandshank.

3.2電氣設(shè)備的安裝與調(diào)整3.2Installationandadjustmentofelectricappliance(1)電氣設(shè)備的安裝(1)Electricapplianceinstallation電氣設(shè)備的安裝和電線的敷設(shè)應(yīng)按隨機所帶的電氣原理圖、配線圖、電氣設(shè)備總圖進行。安裝前應(yīng)詳細地熟悉上述電氣圖與技術(shù)條件，了解各元件的相互作用和操縱原理，以求能迅速地處理安裝及試車中所發(fā)生的問題。Installationofelectricapplianceandlayofwiresshouldbasedontheguideofelectrictheorydiagram,wiringdiagramandgeneralviewofelectricequipmentenclosured.安裝前應(yīng)清理和檢查全部電氣設(shè)備和元件。所有的電氣設(shè)備和元件應(yīng)無缺陷，運轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)靈活，不允許有卡住和松動現(xiàn)象。電氣設(shè)備和元件的型號、規(guī)格、觸頭的閉合次序等必須符合圖紙。需要調(diào)整的應(yīng)按圖紙規(guī)定調(diào)整好。Cleanandcheckallelectricequipmentsandsparesbeforeinstalling.Allequipmentsandsparesshouldbenodefectsandworkwellwithnostuckandloosenesscondition.Thetype,specification,contactterminalcloseorderofelectricequipmentandsparesshouldagreewiththediagram.Adjustmentcanbemadebytheguideofdiagram.檢查電動機、液壓制動器、碳刷、接觸器、繼電器、電阻器等電氣元件的絕緣性能，用兆歐表測量其絕緣電阻，如低于0.5兆歐，應(yīng)進行干燥處理，經(jīng)檢驗合格后，才能安裝使用。Checkinsulationofmotor,hydraulicbrake,carbonbrush,contactor,relayandresistance,etc.Measureinsulationresistancebytramegger,andtakedryingtreatmentifthevalueunder0.5mΩ,andputintopracticeinstallationandusageafterexamination.檢查電動機碳刷和滑環(huán)間的壓力，一臺電動機的所有碳刷壓力必須一樣。碳刷應(yīng)與滑環(huán)全面接觸，磨碳刷時不應(yīng)磨其邊緣。Checkthepressurebetweencarbonbrushandslipringofmotor.Pressureofallcarbonbrushofsamemotorshouldbesame.Carbonbrushshouldcontacttoslipringcomprehensively.對液壓制動器應(yīng)按說明書要求注足液壓油。AddenoughhydraulicoiltohydraulicbrakeaccordingtorequirementsofInstruction.檢查控制器、接觸器、繼電器觸頭間的壓力，是否符合各自的規(guī)定，如壓力過大或過小應(yīng)予以調(diào)整。Checkwhetherthepressureofcontroller,contactor,andcontactterminalofrelaycanmeeteachstandards.Adjustmentshouldbedonewhent