06 烏克蘭危機(jī)影響著世界-2023年中考英語熱點材料題型專練

06俄烏危機(jī)影響著世界2023年中考英語熱點材料題型專練背景材料：俄烏沖突外溢引多重危機(jī)2022-12-0310:50·\t"/article/7172749234066686498/_blank"澎湃新聞當(dāng)?shù)貢r間2022年11月24日，烏克蘭敖德薩，俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間的戰(zhàn)爭仍在繼續(xù)，烏克蘭人在援助中心前排隊等候。視覺中國圖俄烏沖突自今年2月底全面爆發(fā)以來，其釀成的危機(jī)已明顯外溢至域外乃至全球，其影響面涵蓋國防、主權(quán)、糧食、能源、供應(yīng)鏈、社會、政治穩(wěn)定等多個方面。盡管如此，烏克蘭局勢短期內(nèi)仍難以見到走向緩和乃至和平的跡象。據(jù)美國消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道（CNBC）12月1日報道，歐盟27國針對俄羅斯原油的制裁即將于5日生效。分析指出，針對俄羅斯的進(jìn)一步制裁可能會讓困擾全球多國的通貨膨脹問題進(jìn)一步惡化。俄烏沖突只是全球面臨的種種危機(jī)的一個縮影。中國軍事科學(xué)學(xué)會會長、中國人民解放軍軍事科學(xué)院院長楊學(xué)軍12月1日在2022北京香山論壇專家視頻會上，談及眼下人類和平發(fā)展所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)時指出，當(dāng)前，新冠肺炎疫情反復(fù)延宕，逆全球化思潮抬頭，單邊主義、保護(hù)主義明顯上升，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定遭受沖擊，糧食危機(jī)、能源危機(jī)、金融危機(jī)風(fēng)險攀升。此外，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長乏力、政治集團(tuán)冷戰(zhàn)思維也加劇了地緣政治博弈，地區(qū)沖突和局部戰(zhàn)爭多點頻發(fā)，傳統(tǒng)與非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅疊加，和平赤字、發(fā)展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字有增無減。俄烏危機(jī)影響著世界熱點專題題型專練篇目內(nèi)容閱讀理解AGlobalNewsAroundtheWorldRaisingmoneyforUkraine

Agroupof17childrenteameduptoswimthewidthoftheEnglishChannelinlessthananhour,andhavecollectedmorethan￡3,300forpeoplesufferingfrom（遭受）thewarinUkraine.Thechildren,agedbetween6and15yearsold,swamtogetherattheirlocalpoolinDerbyshire,England,andcompletedadistanceof21milesamongthem.______________

YellowstoneNationalParkintheUSismarkingits150thanniversary（周年紀(jì)念日）,andithasstartedanewprogramcalledtheInheritancePass.Itisaccepting$1,500donationsinexchangeforanannualentrypasswhichisalsogoodforthedonor’schildrenandgrandchildrenin150years.Andthemoneyraisedthroughthesaleof“InheritancePasses”willbeusedtopreserve（維護(hù)）theparkforthenext150years.Max’ssecondBigCamp-Out

MaxWoosey,12,hasspentmorethan670nightscampingoutsideforcharity.Throughthechallenge,hehasbravedhowlingwindsandraintoraise￡700,000forahospice（收容所）nearhishomeinDevon,UK.MaxismarkinghissecondanniversarywithaBigCamp-out,invitingyoungpeopletojoininfromtheirgardenortoputupatentintheirlivingroomtoraisemoneyforanycharitytheychoose.1．Allthenewsabovehassomethingtodowith__________.A．travel B．fundraising C．nature D．sports2．Whydidthechildrencompletea21-mileswim?A．TofindoutthewidthoftheEnglishChannel.B．ToescapefromUkraineforabetterliving.C．Toraisemoneyforthosewhoaresufferingfromthewar.D．Todeveloptheirteamspirit.3．Whatwouldbeagoodheadingforthesecondpieceofnews?A．Anannual$1,500donation.B．150yearsofYellowstoneNationalPark.C．Howandwhentoget“InheritancePasses”.D．Yellowstoneoffersaspecialentrypassgoodforyear2172.4．Theideabehind“InheritancePasses”isto__________.A．helpsafeguardtheparkforthefutureB．leavethedonorsomethingasamemorialC．raisemoneyforchildrenin150yearsD．drawmorepeopletopayavisittothepark5．WhatcanwelearnaboutMaxWoosey?A．Manyyoungpeoplearejoininghimforanouting.B．Heoftencampsinagardeninbadweather.C．Hehopesmorepeoplecanshowloveandcaretothoseinneed.D．Hestartedthechallengemorethantwoyearsago.【短文大意】本文講述孩子們游泳來籌款幫助烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭中的人，黃石國家公園籌款來維護(hù)公園的未來建設(shè)以及馬克斯通過在外露營來籌款幫助那些需要幫助的人?！敬鸢附馕觥俊敬鸢浮緽【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“RaisingmoneyforUkraine”，“Andthemoneyraisedthroughthesale”及“raise￡700,000forahospice”，可知所有的新聞都和籌款有關(guān)系。故選B。2．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Agroupof17childrenteameduptoswimthewidthoftheEnglishChannelinlessthananhour,andhavecollectedmorethan￡3,300forpeoplesufferingfromthewarinUkraine…completedadistanceof21milesamongthem”可知，孩子完成21英里遠(yuǎn)的游泳是為了籌款幫助那些在烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭飽受摧殘的人。故選C。3．【答案】D【解析】標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)“YellowstoneNationalParkintheUSismarkingits150thanniversary,andithasstartedanewprogramcalledtheInheritancePass.Itisaccepting$1,500donationsinexchangeforanannualentrypasswhichisalsogoodforthedonor’schildrenandgrandchildrenin150years”可知，新聞講述黃石國家公園為了150年周年慶，開始了一個新的項目，為了交換一個年度出入許可證它接受一千五百美元的捐款，D選項“黃石國家公園為2172年提供了一個特殊的出入許可”符合。故選D。4．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“themoneyraisedthroughthesaleof‘InheritancePasses’willbeusedtopreservetheparkforthenext150years”可知“InheritancePasses”售賣籌款的錢背后的想法是為了使用這筆錢在未來150年里來維護(hù)公園。故選A。5．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“MaxismarkinghissecondanniversarywithaBigCamp-out,invitingyoungpeopletojoininfromtheirgardenortoputupatentintheirlivingroomtoraisemoneyforanycharitytheychoose”，馬克斯邀請年輕人加入這個活動來籌款給他們選擇的慈善事業(yè)?？芍Ｍ絹碓蕉嗟娜丝梢詾槟切┬枰獛椭娜孙@示自己的愛和關(guān)心。故選C。BUkrainehascaughttheattentionoftheworld.OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特別軍事行動)”againstUkraine.AsofMarch1,severaldaysafterthestartofthemilitaryoperation,Russianforces(武裝力量)hadclosedinonKyiv,Ukraine’scapital,Xinhuareported.TheviolenceinUkrainehasresultedinmorethan536confirmedciviliancasualties(平民傷亡),withtheactualnumberexpectedtobemuchhigher,ChinaDailyreportedonMarch2.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavefledthecountryoverthepastfewdays.TheUsandsomeotherWesterncountrieshaveresponded(應(yīng)對)toRussia’sactionswithsanctions(制裁).OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.OnFeb27,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO,北大西洋公約組織)saidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweapons(武器)andmoney.OnFeb28,UNSecretary-General(秘書長)AntonioGuterrescalledforanimmediateendtothemilitaryoperationsinUkraine.“ThefightinginUkrainemuststop,”hesaid.RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarus(白俄羅斯)totalkabouttheconflict(沖突)onFeb28.Bothsidesagreedtomeetagaintohavemoretalks.InatelephoneconversationwithPutinonFeb25,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaidChinasupportsRussiaandUkraineinresolving(解決)theirtensionsthroughnegotiation(協(xié)商).Headdedpropersecurityconcerns(安全考慮)ofallcountriesshouldbetakenseriouslyandrespected(尊重).AsStateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidonFeb21,UkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest,notasafrontier(前沿)inaconfrontation(沖突)ofpowers.1．Whendidthe“specialmilitaryoperation(特別軍事行動)”againstUkrainehappen?A．OnFeb21. B．OnFeb24. C．OnFeb27. D．OnFeb28.2．WhatwouldtheUsdotorespondtotheconflict?A．ItsupportsRussiaandUkraineinresolvingtheirtensionsthroughnegotiation.B．ItwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.C．ItwouldfightagainstRussia.D．ItwouldhelpRussiaandUkrainehaveapeacefultalk.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“airspace”mean?A．航班 B．空間站 C．領(lǐng)空 D．航線4．Whatistherightorderoftheseevents?a.Russianforces(武裝力量)hadclosedinonKyiv.b.StateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidUkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest.c.RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarustotalkabouttheconflict.d.RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation”againstUkraine.e.NATOsaidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweaponsandmoney.A．bdeca B．daecb C．baecd D．deabc5．Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassagein_______.A．a(chǎn)sciencebook B．a(chǎn)TVguide C．a(chǎn)historybook D．MorningNews【短文大意】本文主要講述了俄羅斯對烏克蘭展開的“特別軍事行動”?！敬鸢附馕觥俊敬鸢浮緽【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特別軍事行動)”againstUkraine.”可知，2月24日展開“特別軍事行動”；故選B。2．【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.”可知，美國表示將對所有俄羅斯航班關(guān)閉其領(lǐng)空；故選B。3．【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights”可知，美國表示將對所有俄羅斯航班關(guān)閉其領(lǐng)空，因此“airspace”意為“領(lǐng)空”；故選C。4．【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AsStateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidonFeb21,UkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest,notasafrontier(前沿)inaconfrontation(沖突)ofpowers.”；“OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特別軍事行動)”againstUkraine.”；“OnFeb27,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO,北大西洋公約組織)saidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweapons(武器)andmoney.”；“RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarus(白俄羅斯)totalkabouttheconflict(沖突)onFeb28.”和“AsofMarch1,severaldaysafterthestartofthemilitaryoperation,Russianforces(武裝力量)hadclosedinonKyiv,Ukraine'scapital,Xinhuareported.”可知，按照時間的先后順序；正確的順序是bdeca；故選A。5．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“...Xinhuareported”可知，該篇文章可能是一篇新聞報道；故選D。CItmaysoundlikeacliche(老生常談),butfoodisstillthestuffoflife.Sowhenglobalfoodpricessoar(大漲),peopleworry.TheUnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)saidonApril8thatworldfoodpriceshitanall-timehighinMarch.Pricesforvegetableoils,meats,sugaranddairyproductscouldriseupto22percent.Accordingtotheagency,theFAO’sfoodpriceindex(指數(shù))hadalreadyreportedanall-timehighinFebruary,asthepandemic,poorweatherandclimatecrisisdamagedagricultureandthreatenedfoodsecurityformillionsofpeople.TheUkrainecrisis(烏克蘭危機(jī))hasmadethesituationmuchworse.BothRussiaandUkrainehavevastgrain-growingregions.Theyareamongtheworld’smainbreadbaskets.Thetwocountriestogetheraccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.Theconflicthasalsocausedariseinthecostoftheotherdailyessentialsandfuel.“Itisextremelyworrisome,”saidRabahArezki,formerchiefeconomistattheWorldBank.In2022,therewillbe44millionpeoplein38countriesatthe“emergency”phaseoffoodinsecurity,justonestepawayfromadeclarationoffamine.PeopleinSouthSudan,Yemen,andthenorthernpartsofEthiopiaandNigeriaareatparticularrisk.Recentunrest(動蕩)acrosstheworldhighlightstherisks.InSriLanka,protestshaveeruptedovershortagesofgasandotherbasicgoods.Globalfoodinsecuritymaymakemanyconcerned:DoesChinahaveenoughfoodforitspopulationof1.4billion?AccordingtoWeiBaigang,chiefeconomistattheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs,Chinareliesmainlyondomesticgrainproductionandonly2percentofthenation’sgrainisimported.GlobalpriceincreaseshavehadlittleimpactonChina’sfoodprices.China’sfoodpricesevendropped1.5percentyear-on-yearinMarch,insharpcontrasttotheglobalfoodpriceriseofmorethan30percent.In2021,Chinasawagoodgrainharvestforthe18thyearinarow,withtotalgrainoutputexceeding(超過)650milliontonsforsevenconsecutiveyears.Theharvestensuredthecountry’sbasicself-sufficiency(自給自足)ingrainanditsabsolutegrainsecurity.1．Whataspectsthreatenworldfoodsecurityexcept________?A．thepandemic B．poorweatherandclimatecrisisC．theUkrainecrisis D．thegrowthofpopulation2．WhydoestheUkrainecrisismakefoodsafetyworse?A．Becausethiswarusedupalotofmaterials.B．Becausethetwocountriesstoppedexportingfood.C．BecausebothRussiaandUkraineaccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.D．Becausethewaraffectspeaceandpeople’slives.3．ThemainreasonforChina’sfoodpricestability(穩(wěn)定)isthat________.A．ChinamainlydependsonitsownfoodproductionB．ChinadoesnotimportfoodC．ChinadoesnotexportfoodD．goodweatherandclimatehasbroughtaboutalargegoodharvest4．Whatdoestheparagraphtalkabout?A．IttalksaboutthefoodsecurityofChina.B．Ittalksaboutthefoodsecurityoftheworld.C．Ittalksaboutthepeople’sworriesaboutfood.D．IttalkstheimpactoftheUkrainecrisisonfoodsecurity.【短文大意】本文主要講了人們對于食物的擔(dān)憂?！敬鸢附馕觥俊敬鸢浮緿【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Accordingtotheagency,theFAO’sfoodpriceindexhadalreadyreportedanall-timehighinFebruary,asthepandemic,poorweatherandclimatecrisisdamagedagricultureandthreatenedfoodsecurityformillionsofpeople.”及“TheUkrainecrisishasmadethesituationmuchworse.”可知威脅世界糧食安全的因素有疫情、惡劣的天氣和氣候危機(jī)、烏克蘭危機(jī)，沒有“人口的增長”這個因素。故選D。2．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thetwocountriestogetheraccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.”可知烏克蘭危機(jī)讓食品安全變得更糟是因為俄羅斯和烏克蘭合計占全球小麥出口的30%左右。故選C。3．【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AccordingtoWeiBaigang,chiefeconomistattheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs,Chinareliesmainlyondomesticgrainproductionandonly2percentofthenation’sgrainisimported.GlobalpriceincreaseshavehadlittleimpactonChina’sfoodprices.”可知中國糧食價格穩(wěn)定的主要原因是中國主要依靠自己的糧食生產(chǎn)。故選A。4．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講了人們對于食物的擔(dān)憂。故選C。二、短文選詞填空從下面方框中選出10個單詞，并將其正確形式填寫在相應(yīng)位置，使短文意思正確通順（每詞限用一次）。agree

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wiseFriday,February25thI’munabletothinkclearlythesedays.We__1___athomeandatschoolthatusingviolenceistheleastcivilized(文明的)waytosolveproblems.Forexample,lastweekIthoughtabouthittingmyfriendfor___2___abeautifulshellwhilewewereplayingatthebeach.Italkedwithhiminsteadandwecametoan___3___.Iftwoadultshadadisagreement,andiftheyusedviolencetowardseachotherinordertowin,isitallright?Whentwocountriesdisagree,theyoftenfightawar,likeRussiaandUkraine.Whyisusingviolencenotokayathome,atschool,orinyourcountrybutokaybetween___4___?Somanypeoplearekilledbecauseofwars,notonlysoldiersbutcommonpeople,evensmallchildrenandbabies.Atthesametime,somepeoplehavetobeforcedtoleavetheirowncountry,becoming__5__.Awarisagreatviolence,liketwopeoplefightingoverashell,justmuch___6___.Adultssaytheyarefightingwarsinordertosolveproblemsandmakepeace.Butcanyoureally“makepeace”bykillingsomanypeople?Idon’tthinkbombs(炸彈)canreach___7___heartsandchangethem.Bombscan’t___8___loveandcaring,andthat’swhatweneedintheworld.Whycan’tadultsusetheir__9___andtalkitover?Adultsmightsaythatthingsarenotthateasy.Buttheyarethe___10__thatteachustobekind,nottohurtpeopleandnottokill.Whydon’ttheyactaswhattheysay?【短文大意】本文主要講述了作者對于暴力和戰(zhàn)爭的看法?！敬鸢附馕觥俊敬鸢浮縜retaught【解析】句意：我們在家和在學(xué)校都被教育使用暴力是最不文明的行為。根據(jù)后文的舉例結(jié)合備選詞匯