山東省青島市城陽區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省青島市城陽區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(15個(gè)小題，每題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestComputerScienceCompetitionsforHighSchoolersImagineCupMicrosoftrunsthecompetition,andeachyear,studentsaroundtheworldcompeteinit.Studentsworkinteamsofuptothreememberstodesignatechsolutiontoasocialorhealthproblem.Qualification:Studentmustbe16orolder.Prizes:Eachwinningteamisawarded$100,000.FirstRoboticsCompetitionStudentsworkinteamsofatleast10alongwith2adultmentorstodesignandbuildanindustrial-sizedrobot.Theythenmustprogramtherobottocompeteinasophisticatedfieldgameatcompetitions.Annualteamregistrationfeesareusuallyabout$5,000.Qualification:HighschoolstudentsintheU.S.,Prizes:Variousscholarshipsandcashprizesfortopscorers.TechnovationChallengeItisdesignedtogetmoregirlsworldwideinterestedincodingandcomputerscience.Girlsworkinteamsof1-5andwithvolunteermentorstousetechnologytodesignanappthathelpssolverealworldproblemssuchasclimatechangeandhunger.Qualification:Mustidentifyasfemaleandbebetween10and18yearsold.Prizes:Prizesandscholarshipsupto$2,000.AmericanComputerScienceLeagueTocompete,yourschoolhastohaveregisteredandpaidtheregistrationfee.Beforethecompetition,thecoachteachescodingwithafocusonACSLexamcategories.Then,studentsworkinteamsof3or5studentstocompletefourtests.StudentscancodeinPython3,Java8,orC++asdefinedontheprogrammingplatform.Top-scoringteamsadvancetoregional,statewide,andeventuallyglobalcompetitions.Qualification:Studentswhoseschoolshaveregisteredforthecompetition.Prizes:WinnersoftheACSLAll-StarContestreceiveprizes.1.Whichcompetitionhasthelargestnumberofstudentsinateam?A.ImagineCup. B.FirstRoboticsCompetition.C.TechnovationChallenge. D.AmericanComputerScienceLeague.2.HowisTechnovationChallengedifferentfromothercompetitions?A.ItisrunbyMicrosoft. B.ItisonlyforU.S.students.C.Ithasagenderlimitation. D.Itallowsmentorstoassist.3.WhatcanstudentsdoinAmericanComputerScienceLeague?A.Registerforthecompetitionindependently.B.Havechancestotakehigher-levelcompetitions.C.Designanappusingprogrammingknowledge.D.Receivevariousscholarshipandcashprizes.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了面向高中生的四個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)競賽的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ImagineCup部分“Studentsworkinteamsofuptothreememberstodesignatechsolutiontoasocialorhealthproblem.(學(xué)生們以最多三人一組的方式設(shè)計(jì)解決社會(huì)或健康問題的技術(shù)解決方案)”，F(xiàn)irstRoboticsCompetition部分“Studentsworkinteamsofatleast10alongwith2adultmentorstodesignandbuildanindustrial-sizedrobot.(學(xué)生們與兩名成年導(dǎo)師組成至少10人的團(tuán)隊(duì)，設(shè)計(jì)和建造一個(gè)工業(yè)規(guī)模的機(jī)器人)”，TechnovationChallenge部分“Girlsworkinteamsof1-5andwithvolunteermentorstousetechnologytodesignanappthathelpssolverealworldproblemssuchasclimatechangeandhunger.(女孩們以1-5人為一組，與志愿者導(dǎo)師一起使用技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)一款應(yīng)用程序，幫助解決氣候變化和饑餓等現(xiàn)實(shí)世界問題)”及AmericanComputerScienceLeague部分“Then,studentsworkinteamsof3or5studentstocompletefourtests.(然后，學(xué)生們以3或5名學(xué)生為一組完成四項(xiàng)測試)”可知，F(xiàn)irstRoboticsCompetition團(tuán)隊(duì)中學(xué)生人數(shù)最多。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章TechnovationChallenge部分“Qualification:Mustidentifyasfemaleandbebetween10and18yearsold.(資格：必須為女性，年齡在10至18歲之間)”可知，TechnovationChallenge的參賽者有性別限制，這與其他比賽不同。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章AmericanComputerScienceLeague部分“Top-scoringteamsadvancetoregional,statewide,andeventuallyglobalcompetitions.(得分最高的球隊(duì)晉級地區(qū)、全州乃至全球比賽)”可知，參加AmericanComputerScienceLeague的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)參加更高級別的比賽。故選B項(xiàng)。BAsoneoftheOlympicathletes,Imisscountlessbirthdaypartiesandruinnumerousfamilyholidays,butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.Ithinkofalmostmissingmybrother’sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacaranddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.Fromasmallgirl,Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay;Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames;Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.Ihavealwayslivedmylifetoextremes.Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion,it’sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.Canthisbeoverdone?Absolutely.Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner’splatform,youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.InthewordsoftheBritishtriathleteAlistairBrownlee,“Evenifitmeansgettinginjured,I’dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.”Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.Itiscertainlynotabalancedwaytoliveanditiscertainlynotnormalbutthosewordsaregenerallynotusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness.4.Whatmadetheauthoralmostmissherbrother’swedding?A.Shefailedtohireacartogetthere.B.Shewasstoppedatthe“no-go”areas.C.Shewasbusywithasportstraining.D.Sheforgotabouttheexactdateofit.5.Whydoestheauthormentionherearlyexperiencesinparagraph2?A.Tolistheraccomplishments.B.Torecallhermiserablememories.C.Toexplorereasonsforhercommitmenttosports.D.Toremindkidsofthesignificanceofdetermination.6.WhatcanwelearnfromAlistairBrownlee’swords?A.Injuryisunavoidable.B.Beingaverageisacceptable.C.Winningawardstakesalongtime.D.Gettingtothetoprequiresefforts.7.Wheremightthetextbefound?A.Acelebrityblog. B.Anacademicbook.C.Atravelbrochure. D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要講述了作者作為一名奧運(yùn)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員所付出的犧牲和努力，并教導(dǎo)大家想要成功需要不斷努力?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithinkofalmostmissingmybrother’sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacaranddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.(我想我差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過了我哥哥的婚禮，因?yàn)槲颐χ庖惠v車，開車穿過“禁區(qū)”，和當(dāng)?shù)氐蔫F人三項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員一起組隊(duì)騎行。)”可知，作者差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過她哥哥的婚禮，是因?yàn)樗τ隗w育訓(xùn)練。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.Fromasmallgirl,Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay;Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames;Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.(歸結(jié)起來就是：我生來就有巨大的動(dòng)力和決心。從一個(gè)小女孩開始，我會(huì)在午餐時(shí)間呆在家里，只是為了在課堂上取得領(lǐng)先，而不是出去玩；十歲的時(shí)候，我獨(dú)自搭上公共汽車，在其他孩子玩臺(tái)球游戲的時(shí)候，我在游泳池里游了100圈；我是250個(gè)男孩組成的橄欖球俱樂部里唯一的女孩。)”可知，作者在第二段提到她早期的經(jīng)歷是為了探究她投身體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因。故選C。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Evenifitmeansgettinginjured,I’dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.(即使這意味著受傷，我也寧愿有三四年的出色的勝利，而不是十年的平庸。)”可知，我們能從AlistairBrownlee的話中學(xué)到的是達(dá)到頂峰需要努力。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“AsoneoftheOlympicathletes,Imisscountlessbirthdaypartiesandruinnumerousfamilyholidays,butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.(作為一名奧運(yùn)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，我錯(cuò)過了無數(shù)的生日聚會(huì)，破壞了無數(shù)的家庭假期，但放棄這么多是有很好的理由的。)”和第二段“Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.(歸結(jié)起來就是：我生來就有巨大的動(dòng)力和決心。)”可知，本文主要講述了作者作為一名奧運(yùn)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員所付出的犧牲和努力，并教導(dǎo)大家想要成功需要不斷努力，因此本文很可能是一個(gè)名人博客。故選A。CWhetherduetogenuineconcernfortheenvironmentorthewidespreadcriticismofplasticamongconsumers,manycompanieshaveinvestedheavilyinreducingtheiruseofplasticpackaging,whichmayindeedhaveapositiveenvironmentalimpact.Butanothertrendthat’sgrownoutoftheanti-plasticmovementisalotlesspositive:overpackaging.Moreandmorebrandshavebegunaddingunnecessarypaperpackagingontopofplasticpackaginginordertomaketheirproductslookmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,withoutactuallyreducingplasticwaste.Unfortunately,there’saverygoodreasoncompaniesareadoptingthisclearlyproblematicapproach.Throughaseriesofeightstudieswithmorethan4,000participants,wefoundthatconsumerswillacceptaproduct’spackagingasmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyifit’splasticwithanadditionallayerofpaperthaniftheproductisvisiblypackagedinidenticalplasticpackagingbutwithoutthepaper.Theseperceptions(認(rèn)知)inturnmakeconsumersbothmorelikelytobuyaproduct,andwillingtopaymoreforit.Partofwhatmakesthisoverpackagingtrendparticularlyharmfulisthatitismuchvaluedbyconsumerswhoreportedengaginginmoreeco-friendlybehaviors.Theyweremorelikelytoviewoverpackagedproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly.Asaresult,theveryconsumerswhoaremostinterestedinpushingcompaniestomakesustainablechoicesarelikelyunintentionallyencouragingtheenvironmentallyharmfulpracticeofoverpackaging.Thegoodnewsis,overpackagingisn’ttheonlywaytosignalsustainabilityandattractsuchconsumers.Inourstudies,wefoundthatinsteadofadditionalpaperpackaging,simplyaddingaminimalpackagingstickertoplasticpackagingcouldclarifythemisperceptionthatoverpackagedproductsaremoresustainable,Especiallyforproductsforwhichplasticisnecessarytoensuresafetransportationandlengthenshelflife,thiskindofclearmessagingcanhelpreduceconsumers,discriminationagainsttheresponsibleuseofplasticpackaging.Ofcourse,minimalpackagingstickerscertainlyshouldonlybeusedifabrandhasactuallyensuredthatitisusingtheminimalpossiblepackaging,ideallyunderthesupervisionofatradeorganizationorregulatorybodythatmaintainsclear,consistentstandards.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutoverpackagingaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itcallsforlessinvestment.B.Itinvolvestheproperuseofpaper.C.Ithasapositiveenvironmentalimpact.D.Itcausesover-consumptionofmaterials.9.Whatdotheeightstudiesfindaboutconsumersaccordingtothetext?A.Theycareabouttheenvironment.B.Theyarealwaysfollowingthetrend.C.Theylikecomparingproducts’qualities.D.Theypreferbeautifully-decoratedproducts.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedofminimalpackagingstickers?A.Tohelpproductsstayfreshlonger.B.Toimprovethebrand’spopularity.C.Tocorrectconsumers’misunderstanding.D.Topresentmoreinformationaboutproducts.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Minimalpackagingstickershavebeenwidelyused.B.Advantagesofminimalpackagingstickersareoverestimated.C.Theuseofminimalpackagingstickersshouldbestrictlyregulated.D.Theuseofminimalpackagingstickersisasolutiontoover-packaging.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文主要討論了反塑料運(yùn)動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)的過度包裝問題。許多公司為了看起來更環(huán)保，在塑料包裝外增加不必要的紙質(zhì)包裝，但這并沒有真正減少塑料垃圾。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，消費(fèi)者傾向于認(rèn)為添加了紙層的塑料包裝更環(huán)保，并因此愿意支付更多。這種趨勢對于那些通常會(huì)采取更多環(huán)保行為的消費(fèi)者尤其有害，因?yàn)樗麄兏赡鼙贿^度包裝誤導(dǎo)。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butanothertrendthat’sgrownoutoftheanti-plasticmovementisalotlesspositive:overpackaging.Moreandmorebrandshavebegunaddingunnecessarypaperpackagingontopofplasticpackaginginordertomaketheirproductslookmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,withoutactuallyreducingplasticwaste.(但反塑料運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展出的另一個(gè)趨勢就不那么積極了：過度包裝。越來越多的品牌開始在塑料包裝上添加不必要的紙質(zhì)包裝，以使其產(chǎn)品看起來更加環(huán)保，而實(shí)際上并沒有減少塑料垃圾。)”可知，過度包裝會(huì)導(dǎo)致材料的過度消耗。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Throughaseriesofeightstudieswithmorethan4,000participants,wefoundthatconsumerswillacceptaproduct’spackagingasmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyifit’splasticwithanadditionallayerofpaperthaniftheproductisvisiblypackagedinidenticalplasticpackagingbutwithoutthepaper.Theseperceptions(認(rèn)知)inturnmakeconsumersbothmorelikelytobuyaproduct,andwillingtopaymoreforit.(通過一系列有4，000多名參與者參與的八項(xiàng)研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與明顯采用相同塑料包裝但沒有紙質(zhì)包裝的產(chǎn)品相比，消費(fèi)者會(huì)更環(huán)保地接受帶有額外紙質(zhì)包裝的產(chǎn)品包裝。這些認(rèn)知反過來使消費(fèi)者更有可能購買產(chǎn)品，并愿意為此支付更多費(fèi)用。)”可知，八項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者更在乎環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Inourstudies,wefoundthatinsteadofadditionalpaperpackaging,simplyaddingaminimalpackagingstickertoplasticpackagingcouldclarifythemisperceptionthatoverpackagedproductsaremoresustainable,(在我們的研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，不需要額外的紙質(zhì)包裝，只需在塑料包裝上貼上最小包裝標(biāo)簽就可以消除過度包裝產(chǎn)品更可持續(xù)的誤解，)”可知，最小包裝貼紙具有糾正消費(fèi)者誤解的功能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ofcourse,minimalpackagingstickerscertainlyshouldonlybeusedifabrandhasactuallyensuredthatitisusingtheminimalpossiblepackaging,ideallyunderthesupervisionofatradeorganizationorregulatorybodythatmaintainsclear,consistentstandards.(當(dāng)然，只有在品牌確實(shí)確保使用盡可能少的包裝的情況下，最好是在保持明確、一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貿(mào)易組織或監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)督下，才能使用最小包裝標(biāo)簽。)”可知，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格規(guī)范最小包裝標(biāo)簽的使用。故選C項(xiàng)。DAtherapy(治療)clientandIareworkingonaneatingdisorderandfinditoriginatedfromarelationshipbreak-uporperhapsbeingbulliedinmiddleschool.Suchhurtfulexperiencesledtonoteatingforacoupleofweeks.Thencomesahighpraisefromafriendthattotallybackfires.Maybeit’sanenthusiastic,“Wow,youlookgreat!’’Inaflash,thispraiseexcitesaninnerandoftenunconsciousthought:“Oh,peoplecaremoreaboutmeifIloseweight.SomanythingsfeeloutofcontrolbutIcancontrolpeople’saffectionbynoteating.”O(jiān)ften,verywell-intentionedindividualsofferpraiseoutofadesiretoupliftandconnect.Suchpraiseisoftentied,directlyorindirectly,toaperson’srelationshipwiththestandardsofaspecificgrouporinstitution.Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.Returningtoourexampleabove,whenyouseethatsomeonehaslostweightandyouwanttogivethemapraise,justpauseandtakeadeepbreath.Simplyask,“Howareyoudoing?”Seethemandhearthem.Appreciatethemasapersonoflimitlessvalue.Knowtheremaybemuchmoretotheirinnerworldthanmeetstheeye.Similarly,whenyouseesomeone’ssuccessinschool,appreciatethehardworktheyputintoit.Askwithgentlecuriosity,“How’sitbeenforyou?”Listenwithyourfullattentionthatinitselfcanbeararegiftintoday’shustleandbustleworld.Bymaintainingyourconcernandlisteningtothewaystheywanttobeaccompaniedandsupported—evenwhenitmightnotbeyourfirstinstinct—youcanseethemasawholeperson,withcomplexfeelings,veryhumanneeds,andinherentdignity.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfires”inparagraph1referto?A.Improvesthesituation. B.Showssincereconcern.C.Removeshurtfulfeelings. D.Producesanunexpectedresult.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Analyzingthephenomenon. B.Listinganotherexample.C.Presentingthesolution. D.Makingaproposal.14.Whydoestheauthorsuggestsimplyasking“Howareyoudoing”?A.Tostartalightconversation.B.Tofocusonone’sinnerneeds.C.Toexplorethesecretofkeepingslim.D.Toshowappreciationforone’sefforts.15.Whatmightbethetitleforthetext?A.SayNotothe“RightorWrong”GameB.WhyWeNeedtoMakePraisestoOthers.C.FollowMeandBeaQualifiedTherapistD.HowInnocentWordscanBeHarmful【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人們常常出于好意而贊美他人，但這種贊美有時(shí)卻會(huì)貶低個(gè)體的尊嚴(yán)，降低他們的內(nèi)在價(jià)值。文章建議我們改變贊美方式，不要去做“對與錯(cuò)”的游戲，從關(guān)注個(gè)體的需求和感受出發(fā)，以更加尊重和理解的態(tài)度來欣賞他人。【12題詳析】詞句猜測題。劃線詞上文“Atherapy(治療)clientandIareworkingonaneatingdisorderandfinditoriginatedfromarelationshipbreak-uporperhapsbeingbulliedinmiddleschool.Suchhurtfulexperiencesledtonoteatingforacoupleofweeks.(我和一位治療客戶正在治療一種飲食失調(diào)癥，發(fā)現(xiàn)它起源于一段關(guān)系的破裂，或者可能是在中學(xué)時(shí)被欺負(fù)。這種痛苦的經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)致了幾周不吃東西)”講述作者幫助患飲食失調(diào)癥的患者找到了病因，積極尋求治療方法，下文“Maybeit’sanenthusiastic,“Wow,youlookgreat!’’Inaflash,thispraiseexcitesaninnerandoftenunconsciousthought:“Oh,peoplecaremoreaboutmeifIloseweight.SomanythingsfeeloutofcontrolbutIcancontrolpeople’saffectionbynoteating.”(“哇，你看起來棒極了！”也許是一句熱情的話。頃刻間，這種贊美激發(fā)了一種內(nèi)在的、往往是無意識的想法：“哦，如果我減肥了，人們會(huì)更關(guān)心我?！焙芏嗍虑槎际チ丝刂?，但我可以通過不吃東西來控制人們的感情。”)”卻說朋友不合時(shí)宜的贊美讓病人認(rèn)為減肥可以讓人們會(huì)更關(guān)心自己，可以通過不吃東西來控制人們的感情。朋友的話讓作者給病人的治療功虧一簣。由此推知，“Thencomesahighpraisefromafriendthattotally

backfires.(然后來自朋友的高度贊揚(yáng)backfires)”中backfires的意思是“producesanunexpectedresult(產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)意想不到的結(jié)果)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Often,verywell-intentionedindividualsofferpraiseoutofadesiretoupliftandconnect.Suchpraiseisoftentied,directlyorindirectly,toaperson’srelationshipwiththestandardsofaspecificgrouporinstitution.Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?(通常，出于善意的人會(huì)出于鼓勵(lì)和加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系的目的而給予贊美。這種贊美通常直接或間接地與一個(gè)人與特定群體或機(jī)構(gòu)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的關(guān)系聯(lián)系在一起?？杀氖?，這樣的贊美很容易將個(gè)人的尊嚴(yán)降低到符合群體期望的水平，而不是支持他們固有的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”可知，段中針對第一段描述的情況，深入分析了善意的贊美所帶來的意想不到的后果的原因，指出這種贊美往往與外部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或群體期望聯(lián)系在一起，潛在地?fù)p害了個(gè)人固有的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。是對上文所述現(xiàn)象的深入剖析。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.Returningtoourexampleabove,whenyouseethatsomeonehaslostweightandyouwanttogivethemapraise,justpauseandtakeadeepbreath.Simplyask,“Howareyoudoing?” Seethemandhearthem.Appreciatethemasapersonoflimitlessvalue.Knowtheremaybemuchmoretotheirinnerworldthanmeetstheeye.(方法之一是不要去做“對與錯(cuò)”的游戲，選擇一個(gè)更有生命的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，關(guān)注他們當(dāng)前的需求?；氐轿覀兩厦娴睦?，當(dāng)你看到有人體重減輕了，你想表揚(yáng)他們的時(shí)候，就停下來深呼吸。簡單地問：“你好嗎?”看他們所做，聽他們所講。把他們當(dāng)作一個(gè)有無限價(jià)值的人來欣賞。要知道，他們的內(nèi)心世界可能比你看到的要多得多)”可知，作者建議通過簡單地問“你好嗎？”來關(guān)注別人的內(nèi)心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第三段中“Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?(可悲的是，這樣的贊美很容易將個(gè)人的尊嚴(yán)降低到符合群體期望的水平，而不是支持他們固有的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”和第四段中“Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.(方法之一是不要去做“對與錯(cuò)”的游戲，選擇一個(gè)更有生命的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，關(guān)注他們當(dāng)前的需求)”可知，文章先提出問題：如何更好地贊美，然后給出答案：不要去做“對與錯(cuò)”的游戲，要從關(guān)注個(gè)體的需求和感受出發(fā)，以更加尊重和理解的態(tài)度來欣賞他人，這也是作者想要告訴讀者的道理。由此可知，本文最佳標(biāo)題是“SayNotothe“RightorWrong”Game(向“對或錯(cuò)”的游戲說不)”。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AswediveintotheNewYearwithfreshresolutions,abigquestionis:Howlongarewegoingtostickwiththem?____16____ButthereisastrategyknownasSMARTcanhelpbothinsettinggoalsandstickingwiththem.Specific.Indailylife,we’redrivenbyourhabits,whichcomeeasily.Wecandrive,listentotheradioandchewgumatthesametime.____17____Weneedtogetridofdistractionsandstayfocused.Masteringanewskillisslowgoing,soit’sbesttobeclearonouraim.Measurable.Whenitcomestogoals,there’softenadividebetweenintentionandaction.Onewaytobridgethisgapistotrackwhatwe’veachievedeachday.____18____So,ifyou’relearningtoplaythepiano,logyourpractice.Ifyouraimistoeatbetter,journalyourmeals.Achievable.____19____It’sarealitycheckonhowmuchtimeandresourcesyouhavetodevotetoit.And,itsometimesbegsabiggerquestion:WhyshouldIcommittothisgoal?Relevant.Goalsandvaluesshouldbeconnected.Wemayspendyearslivingoutotherpeople’sdreamsforus.Ifyou’reextrinsically(外在地)motivated,youmaypowerthrough.Butyoumaynotbehappywiththeoutcome,evenifyou’reverysuccessful.____20____Time-bound.It’simportanttosetgoalsthathavecleartimeframes.Mapoutanactionplan,andthroughouttheyearyoucanreferbacktotheplan.Setconcretegoalsandplanapainforward.Whenyou’refillingyourdayswithtasksandactivitiesinlinewithyourgoals,it’stimewellspent.A.Butworkingtowardanewgoalcanrequirealotofbrainpower.B.Weknowitmatterstoeathealthier,butitishardtofollowthrough.C.Breakyourgoaldownintosmallerpiecesandthinkwhetherit’sdoable.D.Peoplewhoregularlymonitortheirprogressaremorelikelytosucceed.E.Ifyoupickagoalyoureallycareabout,you’llgetitdoneandfeelbetter.F.Weoftenstartwithdeterminationandquicklyfindourpassiondecreasing.G.Tokeepyouontrack,writedownyourgoalsandsharethemwithyourteachers.【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.C20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是堅(jiān)持新年決心的SMART策略?！?6題詳析】空前“AswediveintotheNewYearwithfreshresolutions,abigquestionis:Howlongarewegoingtostickwiththem?(當(dāng)我們帶著新的決心進(jìn)入新年時(shí)，一個(gè)大問題是:我們能堅(jiān)持多久？)”提出一個(gè)問題，就是我們能堅(jiān)持新年決心多久，空格處應(yīng)該是對這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行回答，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Weoftenstartwithdeterminationandquicklyfindourpassiondecreasing.(我們常常一開始就下定決心，但很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的激情在減退。)”回答了前面的問題，說明我們往往不能堅(jiān)持我們的新年決心，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳析】空前“Indailylife,we’redrivenbyourhabits,whichcomeeasily.Wecandrive,listentotheradioandchewgumatthesametime.(在日常生活中，我們很容易被習(xí)慣所驅(qū)使。我們可以一邊開車，一邊聽收音機(jī)，一邊嚼口香糖。)”說明我們能輕松地完成生活中的一些事情，空后“Weneedtogetridofdistractionsandstayfocused.(我們需要擺脫干擾，保持專注。)”說明要完成空格處所說的事情是不容易的，A選項(xiàng)“Butworkingtowardanewgoalcanrequirealotofbrainpower.(但是朝著一個(gè)新的目標(biāo)努力可能需要大量的腦力。)”說明要朝一個(gè)目標(biāo)努力需要腦力，和前文生活中容易完成的事情形成對比，和后文需要專注表達(dá)一致，因此A選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選A。【18題詳析】空前“Onewaytobridgethisgapistotrackwhatwe’veachievedeachday.(彌補(bǔ)這種差距的一種方法是記錄我們每天所取得的成就。)”說明了要記錄每天的成就，也就是記錄自己的成長過程，空格處應(yīng)該說這么做的好處，D選項(xiàng)“Peoplewhoregularlymonitortheirprogressaremorelikelytosucceed.(經(jīng)常監(jiān)控自己進(jìn)步的人更有可能成功。)”說明記錄自己的成長過程能讓人可能成功，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳析】本段主題句是“Achievable.(可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。)”，空格處應(yīng)該也是說要目標(biāo)變得可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)“Breakyourgoaldownintosmallerpiecesandthinkwhetherit’sdoable.(把你的目標(biāo)分解成更小的部分，并思考它是否可行。)”說明的是把目標(biāo)變成小目標(biāo)，看它是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，和本段主題一致，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選C。【20題詳析】空前“Goalsandvaluesshouldbeconnected.Wemayspendyearslivingoutotherpeople’sdreamsforus.Ifyou’reextrinsically(外在地)motivated,youmaypowerthrough.Butyoumaynotbehappywiththeoutcome,evenifyou’reverysuccessful.(目標(biāo)和價(jià)值觀應(yīng)該聯(lián)系起來。我們可能會(huì)花費(fèi)數(shù)年的時(shí)間來實(shí)現(xiàn)別人對我們的夢想。如果你有外在動(dòng)力，你可能會(huì)堅(jiān)持下去。但即使你非常成功，你也可能對結(jié)果不滿意。)”說明目標(biāo)要是和自己相關(guān)的，不然就算實(shí)現(xiàn)了，自己也不高興，E選項(xiàng)“Ifyoupickagoalyoureallycareabout,you’llgetitdoneandfeelbetter.(如果你選擇了一個(gè)你真正關(guān)心的目標(biāo)，你就會(huì)完成它，感覺更好。)”說明了如果選擇一個(gè)自己真正關(guān)心的目標(biāo)，自己就會(huì)感覺更好，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選E。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Therearemanyexamplesofeverydaykindnessesweoftentakeforgranted.Lastnight,duringmyeldestson’sbasketballgame,we____21____tobesittingnexttoaladywithayoungson.Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim,and____22____said,“Wannabemy____23____?”Duringthenext20minutes,thetwoboysplayedtogetherhappily.Itwasa____24____scene,andremindedmehow____25____itcan(andshould)betomakenewfriends.Afewhoursearlier,wewenttoadowntowncafeforanafternoontreat.Therewerenoopentablesforfour,sowe____26____atablefortwo,andcrowdedintothesmallspace.Justatthattime,oneyoungladycameoverand____27____totradeherlargertablewithus.Itwasasimpleactbutshowedusa____28____heart.Justacoupleofdaysago,Isoldmyfirstbooktoafriendofmine.ShepaidtheamountIchargedandasked,“Isthatenough?Itdoesn’tseemlikeitwill____29____shipping.”Truthfully,Ihadnot____30____correctlyfortheshippingcharge.Afterthat,Ireceiveda(an)____31____sumofmoney.Iwassodeeplyhumbledbyheractof____32____anddesiretoencourageme.Thoughoften____33____,thesesmallactsofservice,friendliness,andhumancarearewhatittakestomaketheworldgoround.Witheverydaydifficulties____34____us,thesesmallgesturesofgoodwillcaneasily____35____asparkofpositivity.21.A.happened B.intended C.refused D.decided22.A.urgently B.adorably C.thoughtfully D.maturely23.A.brother B.teammate C.assistant D.friend24.A.breath-taking B.normal C.heart-warming D.strange25.A.risky B.amusing C.awkward D.easy26.A.grabbed B.left C.prepared D.laid27.A.hesitated B.offered C.agreed D.begged28.A.heavy B.nervous C.selfless D.lonely29.A.cover B.afford C.change D.produce30.A.planned B.accounted C.paid D.applied31.A.enormous B.expected C.total D.additional32.A.carelessness B.bravery C.kindness D.duty33.A.praised B.overlooked C.discussed D.criticized34.A.surrounding B.pleasing C.stimulating D.reminding35.A.control B.pursue C.hide D.light【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要描述了一些日常生活中容易被忽視的小善舉，以及這些善舉所帶來的積極影響?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：昨晚，在我大兒子的籃球比賽中，我們碰巧坐在一位帶著年幼兒子的女士旁邊。A.happened碰巧；B.intended打算；C.refused拒絕；D.decided決定。根據(jù)前文“Lastnight,duringmyeldestson’sbasketballgame”以及后文“sittingnexttoaladywithayoungson”可知，是作者去看大兒子的籃球比賽時(shí)，坐在一位帶著年幼兒子的女士旁邊，這個(gè)事，應(yīng)是碰巧發(fā)生的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩轉(zhuǎn)向我最小的兒子，對他微笑著，可愛地說：“想和我做朋友嗎?”在接下來的20分鐘里，兩個(gè)男孩在一起玩得很開心。A.urgently緊急地；B.adorably可愛地；C.thoughtfully深思地；D.maturely成熟地。根據(jù)前文“Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim”可知，小男孩微笑的對著作者的小兒子說，應(yīng)是可愛的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩轉(zhuǎn)向我最小的兒子，對他微笑著，可愛地說：“想和我做朋友嗎?”在接下來的20分鐘里，兩個(gè)男孩在一起玩得很開心。A.brother兄弟；B.teammate隊(duì)友；C.assistant助手；D.friend朋友。根據(jù)后文“remindedmehowitcan(andshould)betomakenewfriends.”可知，小男孩是在問作者的小兒子是否想和他做朋友。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)溫暖人心的場景，提醒我結(jié)交新朋友是多么容易(也應(yīng)該是多么容易)。A.breath-taking驚人的；B.normal正常的；C.heart-warming暖心的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)前文“Duringthenext20minutes,thetwoboysplayedtogetherhappily.”可知，兩個(gè)男孩在一起玩得很開心，是一個(gè)溫暖人心的場景。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)溫暖人心的場景，提醒我結(jié)交新朋友是多么容易。A.risky有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的；B.amusing有趣的；C.awkward令人尷尬的；D.easy容易的。根據(jù)上文“Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim,and_____said,“Wannabemy______?”可知，提醒我結(jié)交新朋友是多么容易。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有四個(gè)人的空桌子了，所以我們搶了一張兩人的桌子，擠進(jìn)了這個(gè)小地方。A.grabbed搶占；B.left離開；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.laid放置。根據(jù)后文“andcrowdedintothesmallspace.”可知，作者一行擠進(jìn)了小空間，所以此處應(yīng)該是搶占了兩個(gè)座位的桌子。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，一位年輕女士走過來，提出要和我們交換她的大桌子。A.hesitated猶豫；B.offered主動(dòng)提出；C.agreed同意；D.begged乞求。根據(jù)后文“tradeherlargertablewithus.”可知，應(yīng)是“提出要和我們交換她的大桌子”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)簡單的舉動(dòng)，但向我們展示了一顆無私的心。A.heavy沉重的；B.nervous緊張的；C.selfless無私的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)前文“oneyoungladycameoverandtotradeherlargertablewithus.”可知，這位年輕女士提出要和作者一行交換她的大桌子，是無私的行為。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它似乎不包括運(yùn)費(fèi)。A.cover包括；B.afford承擔(dān)得起；C.change改變；D.produce生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文“Truthfully,Ihadnotcorrectlyfortheshippingcharge.”可知，作者沒有計(jì)算運(yùn)費(fèi)，所以是不包括運(yùn)費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：說實(shí)話，我沒有計(jì)算運(yùn)費(fèi)。A.planned計(jì)劃；B.accounted計(jì)算；C.paid支付；D.applied應(yīng)用。根據(jù)前文“Itdoesn’tseemlikeitwillshipping.”可知，作者向朋友要的錢沒有包含運(yùn)費(fèi)，所以是作者沒有計(jì)算運(yùn)費(fèi)。