山西省呂梁市孝義市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省呂梁市孝義市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Britain.B.Peru.C.Mexico.2.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Attendaparty.B.Playfootball.C.Replytoaninvitation.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofheroldroommate?A.Careful.B.Thoughtful.C.Selfish.4.Whatshouldthecitydoaccordingtothewoman?A.Improvetheairquality.B.Createmorejobs.C.Closesomebusinesses.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Theirdormitory.C.Theirdailyroutine.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomansuggestthemangethome?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bycar.7.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atabusstation.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whyisthemanatthesupermarkettoday?A.Tocarryoutasurvey.B.Todosomeshopping.C.Tomeettheowner.9.Whatchangedidtheownermaketothesupermarketlastyear?A.Themanager.B.Thename.C.Thelocation.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Returningatent.B.Borrowingatent.C.Packingatent.11.Whatisthewoman’smotivationforclimbing?A.Toimproveherfitness.B.Tohavefun.C.Togetclosetonature.12.Wherewillthespeakersclimbtogether?A.Inthewild.B.Atagym.C.Ataclimbingcenter.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutherideaoftheonlinebusiness?A.It’spractical.B.It’schallenging.C.It’sunique.14.Whywillthewomancontactartists?A.Toseetheirworks.B.Todobusinesswiththem.C.Tolookforinspiration.15.Whatwillthewomandoforlargeorders?A.Giveadiscount.B.Chargeasmallfee.C.Offerfreedelivery.16.Whatisspecialaboutthepackaging?A.It’sluxury.B.It’senvironmentallyfriendly.C.It’sofgoodquality.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wherearedrinksservedallday?A.Bytheswimmingpool.B.Inthediningroom.C.Inthecafe.18.Whatwillthelistenersprobablydoaround1p.m.?A.Goswimming.B.Havelunch.C.Attendaconference.19.Whatdoesthespeakerapologizefor?A.Thehightemperature.B.Theupdatedprogram.C.Thelatelunch.20.Whydoestheconferenceprogramhavetobechanged?A.Someroomsarebeingrepaired.B.Aspeakerisn’tabletogivehertalk.C.TheGeneralManagercan’tcome.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AGoodReadsWeaskedTFKKidReporterstoreviewsomegreatbooksthatreadersmightenjoythisseason.Here’swhattheyhadtosay.OpieJonesTalkstoAnimalsThisnovelbyNatLuurtsematellsthestoryof10-year-oldOpie,whocanreadanimals’minds.Opieisemployedtoatop-secretorganizationofmindreaderscalledtheResistance.WhenVarlingcapturesthemindreadersandtriestoturntheirschoolintoafactory,Opieputshermind-readingskillstoworktosavetheday.You’lllovethisbookifyouenjoyfantasyandadventure.—ByTFKKidReporterAbhijayPotlurTheLastMapmakerTheLastMapmaker,byChristinaSoontornvat,isfullofadventure,action,andmystery.Sai,aresourceful12-year-oldgirl,worksforafamousmapmaker.Butshehasasecret:She’sthedaughterofaconman.Whenshegetsanopportunitytoearnmoremoneythanshe’severhad,shejumpsatthechanceforanewlife.SaijoinsanexpeditiontomaptheSunderlands,acontinentsaidtobehometodragons.Thisbook,nowinpaperback,isforadventureloverswhoseekanattractivestorythat’sfullofsurprises.—ByTFKKidReporterAlexaOhGossamerInhernovelGossamer,LoisLowryexploreshowdreamsandnightmarescometobe.Thebookfollowsseveralstorylinesinvolvingtinydream-givingcreaturesandthehumanstheyaffect.LittlestOneisanewdream-giver.FromherteacherThinElderly,shelearnshowtocollectpiecesofmemoriesandturnthemintodreams.Thesearegiventoanelderlywoman,atroubledboy,andayoungmother.AnyonewholovesimaginativetaleswillloveGossamer.AneweditionofthisbelovedbookiscomingoutinMarch.—ByTFKKidReporterBenSternCharacters&QuestsIfyou’reafanofDungeons&Dragons,you’llloveCharacters&Quests:AYoungAdventurer’sWorkbook,bySarraScherb.It’saninteractivebook.Readersdesigntheircharacter,completewithaweaponandmagicalpowers.Bymakingaseriesofchoices,readersalsoshapetheirownstory.Creatingatitleforyouradventure,drawingyourcharacter,anddecidingwhotheevilwillbe—it’sallpartofthefun.Ifyouenjoyaction,fantasy,androle-playinggames,you’lldefinitelylovethisbook!—ByTFKKidReporterAudreyOwolo1.Whoisareaderofanimals’minds?A.LoisLowry B.ThinElderly C.Sai D.Opie2.Whichofthefollowingbooksexploresdreamsandnightmares?A.Gossamer B.Characters&QuestsC.OpieJonesTalkstoAnimals D.TheLastMapmaker3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenCharacters&Questsandtheotherbooks?A.Itisaboutagirlgoodatmapping. B.Itisaboutturningmemoriesintodreams.C.Itisaninteractivebookwithreaders. D.ItsneweditionwillcomeoutinMarch.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本好書?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OpieJonesTalkstoAnimals部分中“ThisnovelbyNatLuurtsematellsthestoryof10-year-oldOpie,whocanreadanimals’minds.(NatLuurtsema的這部小說講述了一個能讀懂動物思想的10歲男孩Opie的故事)”可知，Opie能讀懂動物的心思。故選D。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gossamer部分中“InhernovelGossamer,LoisLowryexploreshowdreamsandnightmarescometobe.(洛伊斯·勞瑞在她的小說《游絲》中探討了夢和噩夢是如何形成的)”可知，Gossamer探討了夢和噩夢。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Characters&Quests部分中“It’saninteractivebook.(這是一本互動的書)”可知，Characters&Quests和其他書的不同在于是一本與讀者互動的書。故選C。BImagineDadandIarewatchingtheOlympicGamesinourmediaroomsomedayinthefuture.Thescreendropsdowntocoveronewall.WegiveourrobotSylviaourordersforpopcornandjuicefordinner.Sheisonlyamachinebutshelookslikeahumanandhelpswiththehousework.Wearehavingpopcornfordinnertonightbecausesomethingiswrongwithouroven(烤箱).Itisbrokenandkeepsonrepeatingthatitdoesn’trememberhowtocook.DadthinkstheshootingstarpassingbyEarthhascausedtheproblem.“Ididseeashootingstaryesterday,”Isaid,“Maybethat’swhyIhadtroublegettingSylviastartedthismorning.Sheturnedaroundandaround,hardlystoodwhenshetriedtotakeastep,andalmostfellbackwards.Shefinallystartedmovingtowardsme,butthensuddenlyturned,andwentbackwards.Ithoughtshewasgoingtoknockintoawall.Itwasluckythatshegotherbalanceintheendandsuccessfullystoodup.”Atlast,Sylviaarriveswithourpopcornanddrinks.IlookatthescreenandwatchtheOlympicGames.Sylviawatchesittoo.Dadgiveshercoinsasatip.Sylviathankshimforthecoinsandstartstoleavetheroom.Thensheturnsbacktowherewearesitting.Ihearsomeclickingsounds.Thesoundsmeanthatsheissearchinghermemorychipsforinformation.“DuringtheOlympicsIshouldgetmedals,notcoins,”shesays.DadandIjustlookateachother.Sylviadoesn’tseemtoknowthatrobotsaren’tsupposedtothink.ThenweburstoutlaughingandawardSylviaagoldmedal.4.FromParagraph3wecanlearn__________.A.Sylviaknockedintothewall. B.Sylviawaspossiblyoutoforder.C.Sylviawashitbyashootingstar. D.Sylviawouldn’tliketoworkforus.5.WhydoesSylviaaskforamedalasatip?A.Becauseshehasgotenoughcoins. B.Becausesheworkshardfordinner.C.Becauseshewantstowatchthegame. D.Becauseshehaslearnedtothinkbymemorychips.6.HowdoDadandIfindSylvia’sperformance?A.Worrying. B.Annoying. C.Amazing. D.Frightening.7.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Anextraordinarytipforarobot B.OurunexpectedlifeinthefutureC.Therobot—animportanthelper D.Thefunctionofrobotslikehumans【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了在未來日常生活中智能機器人學(xué)會思考的故事。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Ididseeashootingstaryesterday,”Isaid,“Maybethat’swhyIhadtroublegettingSylviastartedthismorning.Sheturnedaroundandaround,hardlystoodwhenshetriedtotakeastep,andalmostfellbackwards.Shefinallystartedmovingtowardsme,butthensuddenlyturned,andwentbackwards.Ithoughtshewasgoingtoknockintoawall.(“我昨天確實看到了一顆流星，”我說，“也許這就是為什么我今天早上很難讓西爾維婭開始工作的原因。她轉(zhuǎn)過身來，想邁步的時候幾乎站不住，差點向后摔倒。她終于開始向我走來，但突然轉(zhuǎn)過身來，向后退。我以為她會撞到墻上)”可知，西爾維婭出了故障，故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thesoundsmeanthatsheissearchinghermemorychipsforinformation.“DuringtheOlympicsIshouldgetmedals,notcoins,”shesays.(這些聲音意味著她正在記憶芯片中搜尋信息?！霸趭W運會期間，我應(yīng)該獲得獎牌，而不是硬幣，”她說)”以及最后一段“Sylviadoesn’tseemtoknowthatrobotsaren’tsupposedtothink.(西爾維婭似乎不知道機器人不應(yīng)該思考)”可知，西爾維婭要一枚獎?wù)伦鳛樾≠M是因為她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了通過記憶芯片思考。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thesoundsmeanthatsheissearchinghermemorychipsforinformation.“DuringtheOlympicsIshouldgetmedals,notcoins,”shesays.(這些聲音意味著她正在記憶芯片中搜尋信息。“在奧運會期間，我應(yīng)該獲得獎牌，而不是硬幣，”她說)”可知，機器人西爾維婭會索要獎牌作為小費，可知她的各種表現(xiàn)是“令人稱奇的，了不起的”，故選C。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thesoundsmeanthatsheissearchinghermemorychipsforinformation.“DuringtheOlympicsIshouldgetmedals,notcoins,”shesays.(這些聲音意味著她正在記憶芯片中搜尋信息?！霸趭W運會期間，我應(yīng)該獲得獎牌，而不是硬幣，”她說)”結(jié)合本文描繪了一幅未來生活的場景：爸爸和“我”在媒體室看奧運會，機器人Sylvia提供爆米花和果汁。爸爸用硬幣作為小費，機器人則堅持在奧運期間應(yīng)該獲得獎牌，而不是硬幣，A選項“對于機器人來說，這是非常棒的小費”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。C“Strawsmadefromplant-basedmaterials,suchaspaperandbamboo,areoftenadvertisedasbeingmoresustainableandeco-friendlythanthosemadefromplastic,”saysresearcherDr.ThimoGroffen,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofAntwerp.“However,thepresenceofPFASinthesestrawsmeansthatcouldbediscredited.”PFASchemicals,knownfortheirlongevity(持久)andpotentialharm,canaffecthumans,wildlifeandtheenvironment.Theybiodegrade(生物降解)veryslowlyovertimeandcanexistoverthousandsofyearsintheenvironment,whichhasledtothembeingknownas“foreverchemicals”.Theyarelinkedtovarioushealthissues.Furthermore,thesechemicalsareusedineverydayitemstomakethemwaterproofandheat-resistant.Foramorein-depthanalysis,theresearchteampurchased39differentbrandsofdrinkingstrawsmadefromfivematerials—paper,bamboo,glass,stainlesssteelandplastic,andthenconductedtworoundsoftestingforPFAS.Theyfoundthatmostbrands(69%)containedPFAS,with18differentPFASdetectedintotal.Inpaperstraws,PFASwasdetectedin90%ofthebrandstested.PFASwasalsodetectedin80%ofbrandsofbamboostraws,75%ofplasticstrawbrandsand40%ofglassstrawbrands.Theywerenotdetectedinanyofthefivetypesofsteelstrawstested.“ThepresenceofPFASinpaperandbamboostrawsshowstheyarenotnecessarilybiodegradable,”saysDr.Groffen.“WedidnotdetectanyPFASinstainlesssteelstraws,soIwouldadviseconsumerstousethistypeofstraw—orjustavoidusingstraws.”ThePFASconcentrationsarelowandcausealimitedrisktohumanhealth,consideringthatmostpeopleonlyusestrawsoccasionally.However,PFAScanremaininthebodyformanyyearsandconcentrationscanbuildupovertime.“SmallamountsofPFAS,whilenotharmfulinthemselves,canaddtothechemicalloadalreadypresentinthebody,”Dr.Groffenconcludes.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discredited”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Exciting. B.Questionable. C.Simple. D.Related.9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ResearchersfoundPFASinallfivetypesofstraws.B.BamboostrawscontainmorePFASthanpaperones.C.PFASchemicalsarenotrelatedtohealthproblems.D.ItwillbelongbeforePFASbreaksdownintheenvironment.10.Whatwilltheauthorbelikelytotalkaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A.Choosingonlybamboostraws.B.Usingstainlesssteelstrawswidely.C.ThepotentialrisksofPFAStohumans.D.ThedurationforPFAStobreakdowninthebody.11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Adiary. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atextbook. D.Anadvertisement.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了安特衛(wèi)普大學(xué)的環(huán)境科學(xué)家、研究員蒂莫·格羅芬博士表示，用紙和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣傳為比塑料制成的吸管更可持續(xù)、更環(huán)保。然而，這些吸管中PFAS的存在意味著這可能是不可信的。【8題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“PFASchemicals,knownfortheirlongevity(持久)andpotentialharm,canaffecthumans,wildlifeandtheenvironment.Theybiodegrade(生物降解)veryslowlyovertimeandcanexistoverthousandsofyearsintheenvironment,whichhasledtothembeingknownas“foreverchemicals”.(PFAS化學(xué)物質(zhì)以其壽命長和潛在危害而聞名，可以影響人類、野生動物和環(huán)境。隨著時間的推移，它們的生物降解非常緩慢，可以在環(huán)境中存在數(shù)千年，這使得它們被稱為“永遠(yuǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”。)”由此可推知，這些吸管中PFAS的存在意味著之前的宣傳是“令人質(zhì)疑的”。“questionable”意為“可疑的,有問題的”，符合語境，故選B。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theybiodegrade(生物降解)veryslowlyovertimeandcanexistoverthousandsofyearsintheenvironment,whichhasledtothembeingknownas“foreverchemicals”.(隨著時間的推移，它們的生物降解非常緩慢，可以在環(huán)境中存在數(shù)千年，這使得它們被稱為“永遠(yuǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”。)”可知，PFAS護額學(xué)物質(zhì)為成為“永遠(yuǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，所以需要很長時間才能降解。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThePFASconcentrationsarelowandcausealimitedrisktohumanhealth,consideringthatmostpeopleonlyusestrawsoccasionally.However,PFAScanremaininthebodyformanyyearsandconcentrationscanbuildupovertime.“SmallamountsofPFAS,whilenotharmfulinthemselves,canaddtothechemicalloadalreadypresentinthebody,”Dr.Groffenconcludes.(考慮到大多數(shù)人只是偶爾使用吸管，PFAS濃度很低，對人類健康造成的風(fēng)險有限。然而，PFAS可以在體內(nèi)停留多年，濃度會隨著時間的推移而增加。“少量的PFAS雖然本身無害，但會增加體內(nèi)已經(jīng)存在的化學(xué)負(fù)荷，”Groffen博士總結(jié)道。)”PFAS濃度很低，考慮到大多數(shù)人往往只是偶爾使用吸管，因此對人體健康構(gòu)成的風(fēng)險有限。然而，PFAS可以在體內(nèi)停留多年，濃度會隨著時間的推移而增加。少量的PFAS雖然本身無害，但會增加體內(nèi)已經(jīng)存在的化學(xué)負(fù)荷。由此可推知，下一段旨在分析PFAS的潛在威脅。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“‘Strawsmadefromplant-basedmaterials,suchaspaperandbamboo,areoftenadvertisedasbeingmoresustainableandeco-friendlythanthosemadefromplastic,”saysresearcherDr.ThimoGroffen,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofAntwerp.“However,thepresenceofPFASinthesestrawsmeansthatcouldbediscredited.’(安特衛(wèi)普大學(xué)的環(huán)境科學(xué)家、研究員蒂莫·格羅芬博士說:“用紙和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣傳為比塑料制成的吸管更可持續(xù)、更環(huán)保?！薄叭欢@些吸管中PFAS的存在意味著這可能是不可信的。”)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述的是PFAS的存在意味著這可能是不可信的，所以本文可能來自于健康雜志。故選B。DMangroves(紅樹)aretreesthattypicallygrowinsaltwateralongcoasts.ButsomeredmangrovesendupdeepintherainforestsofMexico’sYucatanPeninsula.TheseplantsliveinfreshwateralongtheSanPedroMartirRiver.That’snearly200kilometersfromthesea.Scientistswantedtoknowhowthesemangovesgottrappedsofarinland.CarlosBurelowasamongthem.Hebecamecuriousaboutthesemangrovesonachildhoodfishingtripthere35yearsago.Burelosawthattherootsofthemangrovesgrewaboveground.Thiswasdifferentfromtheothertrees.Burelo’steamfirstinvestigatedwherethefreshwatermangrovescamefrom.TheystartedbycollectingtheirleavesandthencomparedtheirDNAtotheleavesfromcoastalmangroveswhichweregrowingalongtheGulfofMexico.TheDNAhelpedidentifytheoriginsofthemangrovesontheSanPedroMartirRiver.TheyhadstartedalongtheGulfofMexico,some170kilometersawayfromtheriver.Theteamdiscoveredotherevidencethatthisecosystemhadoncebeencoastal.Theydiscovered112otherspeciesinthisregionthataretypicallyfoundnearcoasts.Theresearcherslookedatthesoiltoo.“Thesesediments(沉積物)nearthemangrovesrevealedexactlywhatweexpected,”saysExequielEzcurra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Inall,theresearchersturnedupcoastalstones,shellsofseasnailsandclaysedimentsrichinshellfragments(碎片).Theseledtheresearcherstoconcludetheareausedtobepartoftheoceanlongago.Computermodelsofhowsealevelhaschangedovertimeconfirmedthosefindings.Themodelsshowedthatwhensealevelswerehigherinthepast,theoceanfloodedthelowerbasinoftheSanPedroMartirRiver.Thatwouldhavebeenaround150,000to130,000yearsago.Thispushedredmangrovesandotherspeciesinland.“Thisdiscoveryhighlightshowchangestothepastclimatehaveaffectedtheworld’scoastlines,”Ezcurrasays.“Italsooffersachancetobetterunderstandhowfuturesealevelrisemayaffecttheseecosystems.”12.Whatcanweknowaboutmangrovesaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhaveagreateffectonthesealevel. B.Theoriginsofmangrovesareinfreshwater.C.Theytypicallygrowinsaltwateralongcoasts. D.Therootsofmangrovesgrowunderground.13.Howdidtheteamconducttheresearchaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byintroducinganexperience.C.Byanalyzingsomedata. D.Byquotingothers’opinions.14.Whywerecomputermodelsusedintheresearch?A.Toanalyzetheelementsofthesoil. B.Toconfirmtheconclusionsoftheresearch.C.Tostudytheleavesofcoastalmangroves. D.Todiscovermoreothermangrovespecies.15.Whatdoesthediscoverystress?A.TheimportanceofcomparingtheDNAofleaves.B.Thebenefitofusingcomputermodelsinthestudy.C.Theimpactofhumanactivitiesontheseecosystems.D.Theeffectofthepastclimatechangesoncoastlines.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了紅樹這種生長在沿海的生物在淡水地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，科研人員們通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些紅樹生長的淡水地區(qū)在歷史上曾經(jīng)是海洋?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Mangroves(紅樹)aretreesthattypicallygrowinsaltwateralongcoasts.(紅樹林是一種通常生長在沿海咸水中的樹木。)”可知，紅樹林通常生長在沿海的鹽水中。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheystartedbycollectingtheirleavesandthencomparedtheirDNAtotheleavesfromcoastalmangroveswhichweregrowingalongtheGulfofMexico.(他們首先收集它們的葉子，然后將它們的DNA與生長在墨西哥灣沿岸的沿海紅樹林的葉子進行比較。)”可知，小組通過比較進行研究。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Computermodelsofhowsealevelhaschangedovertimeconfirmedthosefindings.(關(guān)于海平面如何隨時間變化的計算機模型證實了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，在研究中使用計算機模型是為了確認(rèn)研究的結(jié)論。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thisdiscoveryhighlightshowchangestothepastclimatehaveaffectedtheworld’scoastlines,”Ezcurrasays.“Italsooffersachancetobetterunderstandhowfuturesealevelrisemayaffecttheseecosystems.”(“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)凸顯了過去氣候的變化是如何影響世界海岸線的，”埃茲庫拉說?！斑@也為更好地了解未來海平面上升如何影響這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供了一個機會?！?”可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)強調(diào)了過去氣候變化對海岸線的影響。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。NegativeEffectsofSocialMediaSocialmediais,arguably,oneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinrecenthistory.Ithelpsfamiliesandfriendsstayconnected,offersausefultooltolookbackonpositivememories,andevenhelpsthosewhoarestrugglingfindsupportamongstrangers.Despitesomanybenefits,ithasnegativeeffectsthatyouneedtobeawareof.?ReduceFace-to-FaceInteractionWhenyouareonsocialmediamoreoften,notonlydoyouspendlessqualitytimewithpeoplewhoarephysicallypresentinyourlife,buttheywillquicklygetannoyedwhenyou’remindlesslybrowsingsocialmediawebsitesinsteadofpayingattentiontothem.____16____Evenbestfriendsmayfacesimilarsituationattimes.?LeadtodepressionAccordingtorecentstudies,themorepeopleusesocialmedia,themorenegativefeelingstheyexperience,includingdepression.____17____Ithasbeensuggestedthatthesenegativefeelingsanddepressivesymptomscomefromincreasedsocialcomparisonsandalackofsocialinteractioncausedbyspendingmoretimeonsocialmedia.?DistractFromLifeGoals____18____Socialmediaallowsaneasywayouttodistractuswhenwedon’tfeellikeputtinginthehardwork,andwecanendupgoingdownapathwherewesimplydon’tgetthingsdonebecauseitbecomestooeasytofindadistraction.?____19____Socialmediaistheeasiestwaytoblockthecreativeprocess.Surfingsocialmediasiteshasanegativeeffectonthemind.Creativityoftenrequiresintensefocusorarelativelyclear,relaxedmind.Socialmediagetsinthewayofboth.Allinall,whenusedwisely,socialmediacanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithotherswhenface-to-faceinteractionsareimpossible.____20____A.KillCreativity.B.Decreasesleeptime.C.Achievinggoalstakeshardworkandmotivation.D.However,italsocountstoavoiditsnegativeeffects.E.Also,it’sveryclearthatprivacyandtheInternetdon’tmixwell.F.Thismakescommunicationmorecomplicatedandcausesmisunderstanding.G.Thiscouldbeparticularlyharmfultopeoplesufferinganxietyanddepression.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.A20.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了社交媒體的危害?！?6題詳析】上文“Whenyouareonsocialmediamoreoften,notonlydoyouspendlessqualitytimewithpeoplewhoarephysicallypresentinyourlife,buttheywillquicklygetannoyedwhenyou’remindlesslybrowsingsocialmediawebsitesinsteadofpayingattentiontothem.(當(dāng)你更頻繁地使用社交媒體時，你不僅會花更少的時間與生活中的人相處，而且當(dāng)你無意識地瀏覽社交媒體網(wǎng)站而不是關(guān)注它們時，他們會很快感到惱火)”說明當(dāng)人們過度使用社交媒體時，會減少面對面的交流，并且會讓身邊的人感到惱火?？仗幊薪由衔?，進一步說明頻繁地使用社交媒體時產(chǎn)生的后果。F項中的This指代前文中的“當(dāng)你更頻繁地使用社交媒體時，你不僅會花更少的時間與生活中的人相處”這件事，說明F項“這使得溝通更加復(fù)雜，并導(dǎo)致誤解?！狈险Z境。故選F。【17題詳析】標(biāo)題“Leadtodepression(導(dǎo)致抑郁)”以及上文“Accordingtorecentstudies,themorepeopleusesocialmedia,themorenegativefeelingstheyexperience,includingdepression.

(根據(jù)最近的研究，使用社交媒體的人越多，他們經(jīng)歷的負(fù)面情緒就越多，包括抑郁)”說明近期研究表明，社交媒體的使用與更多負(fù)面情緒體驗，包括抑郁之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。空處承接上文，進一步說明負(fù)面情緒多所造成的后果，G項中的This指代上文中的“themorenegativefeelingstheyexperience,includingdepression”，“anxietyanddepression”和標(biāo)題相呼應(yīng)，說明“這可能對患有焦慮和抑郁的人特別有害?！狈险Z境。故選G?！?8題詳析】下文“Socialmediaallowsaneasywayouttodistractuswhenwedon’tfeellikeputtinginthehardwork,andwecanendupgoingdownapathwherewesimplydon’tgetthingsdonebecauseitbecomestooeasytofindadistraction.(當(dāng)我們不想投入艱苦的工作時，社交媒體提供了一種簡單的方法來分散我們的注意力，我們最終可能會走上一條根本無法完成任務(wù)的道路，因為很容易找到分散注意力的方法)”說明社交媒體會分散我們對生活目標(biāo)的注意力?？仗幊薪訕?biāo)題，引出下文。C項中的“Achievinggoals”和標(biāo)題中的“LifeGoals”相呼應(yīng)，“akeshardworkandmotivation”和下文“whenwedon’tfeellikeputtinginthehardwork”相呼應(yīng)，實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)需要努力和動力，而社交媒體提供了一種簡單的方法來分散我們的注意力。C項“實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)需要努力和動力?！狈险Z境。故選C。【19題詳析】下文“Socialmediaistheeasiestwaytoblockthecreativeprocess.Surfingsocialmediasiteshasanegativeeffectonthemind.Creativityoftenrequiresintensefocusorarelativelyclear,relaxedmind.(社交媒體是阻止創(chuàng)作過程的最簡單方法。瀏覽社交媒體網(wǎng)站會對大腦產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。創(chuàng)造力通常需要集中注意力或相對清晰、放松的心態(tài))”說明本段主要是關(guān)于社交媒體能夠阻止創(chuàng)造力的產(chǎn)生。A項“扼殺創(chuàng)造力”適合作本段的標(biāo)題。故選A?！?0題詳析】上文“Allinall,whenusedwisely,socialmediacanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithotherswhenface-to-faceinteractionsareimpossible.(總而言之，如果使用得當(dāng)，當(dāng)無法進行面對面的互動時，社交媒體可以成為與他人聯(lián)系的好方法)”說明當(dāng)無法進行面對面交流時，合理使用社交媒體可以成為連接他人的有效工具。空處和前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，提醒我們在享受社交媒體帶來的好處的同時，也要注意規(guī)避它的負(fù)面影響。D項“然而，這也有助于避免其負(fù)面影響?！狈险Z境。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’mateenagegirl.AlthoughIhavefelt____21____aboutmyfigureandoftenfeltleftoutoverthepastfewyears,Iamabletohandleitcalmlyandwisely.WhenIstarted____22____,thekidsinmyclasscalledme“fatty”purposely.Thismademefeel____23____.SometimesIwantedtobeatthemandtellthemtoleavemealone.____24____,Iwouldwalkaway,andattimes,Iwouldgohomeand____25____.Ineverletanyoneknowthisbecausetheywouldjust____26____meinsteadofrealizinghowmuchtheywere____27____me.WhenIwaseight,mymomandI____28____TOPS,aweight-losssupportgroup.SinceI’vebeeninTOPS,I’velearnedto____29____andtocountcalories.OnceIbecameawinnerforweightlossformyagegroup.Iwas_____30_____tobeonstageforthis,especiallyknowingsomemembersofmyTOPSgroupwerethereto_____31_____me.I’vealsolearnedhowgreatitistohavemyfamilysupportmy_____32_____aswell.Itrytogivethesamesupportbytalkingtoandhuggingsomeonewhohas_____33_____issues.IthinkbecauseofwhatI’ve_____34_____,Iammoreawareofhowapersonlikemefeels.Itrytohelpotherssincerelyand_____35_____.Ineverwanttohurtanyone’sfeelingsthewayminehavebeenhurt.21.A.secure B.positive C.concerned D.curious22.A.working B.schooling C.performing D.running23.A.excited B.joyful C.blessed D.upset24.A.However B.Besides C.Therefore D.Anyway25.A.train B.cry C.practise D.recover26.A.relyon B.stareat C.laughat D.apologizeto27.A.missing B.hurting C.valuing D.motivating28.A.explored B.watched C.created D.joined29.A.exercise B.predict C.serve D.forgive30.A.disappointed B.embarrassed C.proud D.ashamed31.A.convince B.support C.disturb D.protect32.A.efforts B.gifts C.instructions D.standards33.A.family B.sleep C.finance D.weight34.A.lookedthrough B.sortedthrough C.gonethrough D.driventhrough35.A.respectfully B.freely C.selfishly D.slightly【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.B26.C27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在面對身材問題和被欺凌時的心路歷程。作者在成長過程中曾因體重問題而受到歧視和欺凌，但她學(xué)會了冷靜和明智地處理這些挑戰(zhàn)。作者加入了一個減肥支持小組，并學(xué)會了控制飲食和計算卡路里。作者因減肥成功而獲得了獎項，并感到家人和支持小組的支持很重要。作者希望能幫助其他人并避免傷害別人的感情?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管在過去的幾年里，我對自己的身材感到擔(dān)憂，經(jīng)常感到被冷落，但我能夠冷靜而明智地處理它。A.secure安全的；B.positive積極的；C.concerned關(guān)心的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)后半句“oftenfeltleftoutoverthepastfewyears,Iamabletohandleitcalmlyandwisely”可知，作者在意自己的身材，對身材感到擔(dān)憂。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我開始上學(xué)的時候，班上的孩子故意叫我“胖子”。A.working工作；B.schooling上學(xué)；C.performing表演；D.running跑步。根據(jù)后半句中“thekidsinmyclass”可知，講的是作者開始上學(xué)的時候。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這使我感到不安。A.excited激動的；B.joyful喜悅的；C.blessed祝福的；D.upset沮喪的。根據(jù)前文“thekidsinmyclasscalledme“fatty”purposely”提到班上的孩子故意叫我“胖子”，可知，作者的同學(xué)說他胖，這會使作者感到不安。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我會走開，有時，我會回家哭。A.However然而；B.Besides此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Anyway無論如何。根據(jù)前文“SometimesIwantedtobeatthemandtellthemtoleavemealone”提到我想打他們并且叫他們不要理睬我，以及后半句“Iwouldwalkaway”提到我會走開，由此可知，上下句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我會走開，有時，我會回家哭。A.train訓(xùn)練；B.cry哭泣；C.practise練習(xí)；D.recover恢復(fù)。根據(jù)前半句“Iwouldwalkaway,andattimes,Iwouldgohome”然而，我會走開，有時，我會回家，以及后文“Ineverletanyoneknowthis”我從不讓任何人知道這一點，可知，作者自己離開是不想讓別人看見自己受到傷害哭的樣子。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我從不讓任何人知道這一點，因為他們只是嘲笑我，而沒有意識到他們對我的傷害有多大。A.relyon依靠；B.stareat盯著；C.laughat嘲笑；D.apologizeto道歉。根據(jù)前文“thekidsinmyclasscalledme“fatty”purposely”可知，作者的同學(xué)是在嘲笑他。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從不讓任何人知道這一點，因為他們只是嘲笑我，而沒有意識到他們對我的傷害有多大。A.missing錯過；B.hurting傷害；C.valuing重視；D.motivating激勵。根據(jù)前文“thekidsinmyclasscalledme“fatty”purposely”可知，作者的同學(xué)是在嘲笑他，由此可推知，這對他構(gòu)成了傷害。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我八歲的時候，我和媽媽加入了TOPS，一個支持減肥的組織。A.explored探索；B.watched觀看；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.joined參加。根據(jù)后文“SinceI’vebeeninTOPS”可知，作者和媽媽加入了這個組織。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從我上了TOPS，我就學(xué)會了鍛煉和計算卡路里。A.exercise鍛煉；B.predict預(yù)測；C.serve服務(wù)；D.forgive原諒。根據(jù)前文“aweight-losssupportgroup”可知，這個組織是減肥的組織，作者從這個組織應(yīng)該是學(xué)會了鍛煉。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很自豪能站在舞臺上，尤其是知道我的TOPS小組的一些成員在那里支持我。A.disappointed失望的；B.embarrassed感到尷尬的；C.proud自豪的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根據(jù)前文“OnceIbecameawinnerforweightlossformyagegroup.”提到有一次，我成為了我這個年齡段減肥的贏家。由此可知，作者對此感到自豪。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我很自豪能站在舞臺上，尤其是知道我的TOPS小組的一些成員在那里支持我。A.convince使信服；B.support支持；C.disturb打擾；D.protect保護。根據(jù)后文“I’vealsolearnedhowgreatitistohavemyfamilysupportmy________aswell.”提到家人的支持，可知，作者