英文【世界銀行】連接經(jīng)濟(jì) 賦予婦女權(quán)力

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CONNECTINGECONOMIES,

EMPOWERINGWOMEN

RegionalTradeand

ConnectivityinSouthAsia

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

APartnershipoftheWorld

Bank—AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

?2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank

1818HStreetNW

WashingtonDC20433

Telephone:202-473-1000

Internet:

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Photocredit:?WorldBank;?AdobeStock;?DepartmentofCulture,BhutanDesign:ClayBrainsDesignsLLP

Note:WorldBank?nancialyearisJuly1toJune30,andthatall?nancial?guresinthereportareinU.S.dollars,unlessindicatedotherwise.

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

The

SouthAsiaRegional

TradeFacilitationProgram,

orSARTFP,isaregionaltrustfund

administeredbytheWorldBankand?nancedbyAustralia'sDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade.

SARTFPhassupported

women’seconomicempowerment

Focusareas

Transport

TradeFacilitationandTradePolicy

ConnectivityDevelopment

throughtradefacilitationand

connectivityintheBangladesh,

Bhutan,India,andNepalsubregion.

LocalEnterpriseandEconomicDevelopment

Total

41

grant

activities

316

products

knowledge

152

stakeholderevents

24SARTFP-inancedactivitiesinformed

WorldBank

investments,worthover

43

$10billion

?AdobeStock

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

?WorldBank

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

CONTENTS

IntroductionPage06

RoadtoJobsandDignity

Supportingwomen’seconomicempowermentintransportandregionalconnectivity

Page08

WomenattheForefrontofRevitalizingTourism

UnlockingSouthAsia’ssharedheritagetodrivewomen’sinclusionandprosperity

Bangladesh

Page14

SailingtheUnchartedWaters

Addressinggender-blindtransportsystemswithinclusiveandsafeinlandwaterways

Bhutan

Page20

BuildingAgri-EntrepreneursacrossSouthAsia

Strengtheningwomen’sparticipationinregionalvaluechainsandtrade

India

Page26

EmpoweringWomeninthePowerandUtilitiesSector

AdvancingSTEMeducation,technicalskills,andleadership

Nepal

Page32

SriLanka

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

INTRODUCTION

TheWorldBank’sSouthAsiaRegional

IntegrationandEngagementProgram

supportstransboundarycooperationfor

greaterconnectivity,crossbordertrade,

climateresilience,andhumandevelopmentintheregion.Genderinclusionisakeyfocusoftheprogram,ensuringthatallwomen

stakeholdersbene?tequitablyfromregionalintegratione?orts.

WithsupportfromtheSouthAsiaRegionalTradeFacilitationProgram(SARTFP),whichwas?nancedbytheAustralia’sDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade,theWorldBankpromotedregionalgrowthandwomen’s

economicempowermentthroughtradeandconnectivityprimarilyalongtheEastern

CorridorofSouthAsiaacrosstheBBIN(Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,andNepal)

countries.Withspecialattentionto

women-ownedandmicrobusinesses,it

achieveda?rstinmainstreaminggenderinregionalprojectsandprogramsacrosstheentireSouthAsianregion,includingin

distantcommunities.

SARTFPsupportedWorldBank’sSouthAsia

Region’sGenderInnovationLab,and

CommunityofPracticeonWomen’s

EconomicEmpowermentinSouthAsia,

whichproducedrigoroussystematic

reviews,evidencebriefs,synthesispapers,andappliedtoolsonenablingeconomicopportunitiesandagencyforwomen.ThisprovidedastrongfoundationforseveralWorldBankoperations,aswellasto

informeddiscussionswithregionalstakeholders.

Severalin-countryprogramswere

supportedtoleverageincreasedregionalconnectivitytobene?twomen.Oftentheseinitiativesledtoanintegratedapproachtowomen’seconomicempowerment,povertyreduction,valuechaindevelopment,andmarketcompetitiveness.

Someoftheseincludepromotinglocal

womenentrepreneurshipinsectorssuchastransboundarytourismandagricultural

trade.Forinstance,withSARTFPsupport,theWorldBankfacilitatedtheBusiness,

EnterpriseandEmploymentSupport(BEES)network,whichbringstogetherSouthAsian

06

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

?AdobeStock

non-pro?torganizationsthatprimarily

supportgrassrootswomenproducersandentrepreneurs.Thisnetworkleveraged

knowledgesharing,learning,collectiveaction,andadvocacyonwomen's

economicempowermentsothat

successfulinterventionscouldbescaleduptohelpwomenclimboutofpoverty.

Evidenceshowsthataccesstosafeand

inclusivetransportsupportsenhanced

economicactivityandsocialgrowthfor

women1.SARTFP-fundedinitiatives

improvedmarketaccessandeconomic

opportunitiesforwomenthroughinclusivewatertransport.Theactivitiesalso

popularizedtheconceptofregional

economiccorridors,bene?tingwomenandunreachedcommunities.Theyleveragedinformationtechnologyforcheaperand

improvedaccesstomulti-modallogisticsforwomenandsmalltraders.

Othersupportedinitiativesinformedanewautomatedsystemwhichsimpli?estradeproceduresattheborder,particularlyforwomentradersbyestablishingseparate

processingdesksandintroducingtari?policyconsiderations.

WithSARTFPsupport,theWorldBankalsolaunchedtheSouthAsiaWomeninPowerSectorProfessionalNetwork(WePower)in2019.Theregionalnetwork,whichisnowaclose-knitpartnershipof50organizations,ishelpingpromotegenderdiversityand

leadershipinthegender-blindpowerandutilitysectorandpromotegreater

participationofgirlsinScience,

Technology,Engineering,andMathematics(STEM)education.

Overall,SARTFP-?nancedactivitiesledto

signi?cantchangesforwomenatthe

groundlevelimprovingtheirqualityoflife,empoweringthemtoprosper,andactivelyparticipateinandbene?tfromthe

market-ledeconomy.Thestoriesof?ve

women,sharedbelow,presentafew

examplesinwhichtheWorldBankprojectssupportedwomenacrossSouthAsiawhile

alsoapprisingthatthejourneytogenderequityandprosperityisacontinuous

process.

1Safeandinclusivetransportandmobility,ESCAP,2020

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

07

ROADTOJOBSANDDIGNITY

Supportingwomen’s

economicempowermentintransportandregionalconnectivity

WesternEconomicCorridorandRegionalEnhancementProgram

CaseStudy:Bangladesh

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

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TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

In2004,whenHalimaBegumlostherhusband,she

struggledtomakeendsmeetandsupporthertwoyoungkids.Oddjobsearnedheradailywageofaround$1andthefamilycouldbarelyeatthreemealsaday.

Since2020onwards,HalimawasemployedbytheLaborContractingSocietyinitiative—formalgroupscreatedby

GovernmentofBangladeshtoprovideguaranteed

employmenttothepoor.Halimaisoneofthe795womenwhoareworkingfortheLocalGovernmentEngineering

Department(LGED)underthe?rstphaseoftheWorld

Bank-?nancedBangladeshWesternEconomicCorridor&

RegionalEnhancement(WeCARE)Program.Theprogram

helpsprovidee?cient,safe,andresilientconnectivityalongasectionoftheregionaltransportcorridor,withastrong

focusonwomenemployment.Thesewomenhavebeen

trainedinvariousskillsincludingroadmaintenance,

restoringroadsideslopes,repairingbridgeedges,?lling

sandpotholes,andclearingculvertchannels.Halimais

nowself-su?cient,andwithhersmallsaving,shehas

rentedapieceoflandwhichallowshertocultivatericeforoneperson.Shehasalsoboughtagoatandwishestoraisea?ocksomeday.

Ihavebeenworkingonthisprojectforthelastthreeyears.Idon’thavetoreachouttopeopleforhelp

anymore.Myneighborsalsorespectmenow.Ihaveasmallpieceofland,whereIcancultivatericeforasinglepersonformonths.Ifthisworkisextendedforanotherthreeyears,Icansavemoremoney,raiseafewcowsandgoats.Iwouldnothavetoworryabout

thefuture.

HalimaBegum

45years,Jessore,Bangladesh

09

?WorldBank

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

ABOUT

THEPROJECT

WesternEconomicCorridorandRegionalEnhancementProgram(WeCare)aimsto

develope?cient,safe,and

resilientconnectivityalongaregionaltransportcorridorinWesternBangladeshand

supportlocaleconomic

development,witha

gender-focusedlensinthehinterlandofthecorridor.

10

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

?WorldBank

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

11

CHALLENGE

GenderbalanceinthetransportsectorandmarketspacesischallenginginthecontextofSouthAsia.Womenface

multiplebarriersatthesocietal,

institutional,andindividuallevels,andareoftenstigmatizedwhenworkingontheirowninpublicplaces.Lackof

female-friendlyfacilities,suchasseparatetoiletswithdoorsthatclose,constrain

women’smobilityandabilitytoworkin

infrastructureprojectsandmarketspaces.Inaddition,householdresponsibilities

especiallychild-rearing,playanimportantroleatanindividuallevelandin?uence

women’schoicestoworkoutside.FortheimplementationoftheWeCareProgram,thechallengewastoidentifyandaddressgapsatpolicy,regulatory,institutional,

andoperationallevel—includinggendergaps—toensureinclusionofwomeninlocaleconomicdevelopment.

INTERVENTION

SARTFP-fundedactivitiessupported

mainstreaminggenderintheprogram

designandimplementation,withgenderassessmentsandactionplanstopromotewomen’seconomicempowermentin

regionaltransportcorridorsandlogistics.Fivereportsandanalyticsincludinggenderassessments,feasibilityreports,road

safetysurveys,economicand?nancial

analysis,andareportonprioritizingruralinfrastructure,supportedproject

preparationandoutlinedactionplans.Theanalysisalsoprioritizedmethodologythatwascognizantofwomen’stradingand

transportationneeds,roleoftransportinwomen’seconomicempowerment,andtheassociatedrisks,includingofhuman

tra?cking.Throughtheestablishmentofwomen-friendlyruralandtransport

infrastructure,designatedstallspacesforfemalevendors,andintroductionof

childcarefacilities,theWorldBank’s

WeCareprogramaimstoaddresssocietal,institutional,andindividualbarriersfor

womentoregaintheirlivelihoodsandeconomicempowerment.

Femalelaborforceparticipationwas

mainstreamedinregionalconnectivityprojects.Inthe?rstphaseofWeCareProgram,the

LocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartmentemployed

795women

IMPACT

inroadconstructionandmaintenance.

Childcarefacilitieshavebeenincludedtoallowwomentobetterbalancetheirhouseholdandworkresponsibilities,thuscontributingto

increaseintheirlaborforceparticipation.

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

12

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

Financialcounselinghelped

94%of

thewomen

buildsavingsbetween$400to$1,500comparedtoonly25%ofwomenwithsavingsbeforetheprogram.

?WorldBank

Over

91%

ofthewomenemployedwereabletomeetday-to-day

expensescomparedto

13%

atthestartoftheprogram.

?WorldBank

?WorldBank

Entrepreneurship

opportunities

forwomenatruralmarketswere

ensuredbyallocatingaspecialspaceforfemalevendorsandestablishingfunctioningbathroomfacilitiesforthematmarketspace.Theseactionsareexpectedtoincreasefemale

entrepreneurshipatthesemarketlocations.

13

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

WOMENATTHEFOREFRONTOF

REVITALIZINGTOURISM

UnlockingSouthAsia’ssharedheritagetodrivewomen’sinclusionandprosperity

ProgramfortheDevelopmentoftheBuddhistCircuitinSouthAsia

CaseStudy:Bhutan

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

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TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

PemaLhamo,65,istheleadmemberofthewomen-led

communitygroup,NobgangTsherimDetshen.Thegroupwas

createdin2021torevivetheculturalvibrancyofthe

NobgangvillageinCentralBhutanandwastrainedto

managetwocommunity-ledsocialenterprises—atraditionalrestaurantandaBedandBreakfast.SupportedbytheWorldBank,Bhutan’sDepartmentofCultureprepareda“CulturalStewardshipPlan”forNobgangforrevitalizationand

restorationofthevillageinaculturallysensitiveandclimateresilientmanner.Theplanexploredavenuestoaddvaluetolocalagriculturalproductsandcreateincomegenerating

opportunitiesforwomenandyouth.

Asapartofthee?ort,theDepartmentofCulturerestoredatraditionalL-shapedkabu-darchambuilding,whichwasbuiltinthe18thcenturybyhermits.Thebuildingwasadaptedforuseandhandedovertothecommunity.Pemaandherteamof?veotherwomenandaman,weretrainedinhospitalitysectortoruntherestaurantandtheBedandBreakfastin

thisbuilding.Withupgradedskills,Pemaandherteamnowrunthiscommunityenterprise,o?eringtraditionaland

authenticexperiencestothetourists.

Ialwayslovedcookingtraditionaldishesformy

childrenandrelatives.Thisprogramhelpedmegainnewskillsinhospitalitysectorincludinginfoodsafetyandhousekeeping.NowIcanintegratemytraditionalskillsandnewknowledgeintoourrestaurantand

homestay.Ithasincreasedmycon?dence,incomelevels,andprovidedusallwithanopportunityatour

doorsteps.Thisexperiencehasallowedmeto

understandthatopportunitiesexistforeveryone,regardlessofageorgender.

PemaLhamo

65years,Nobgang,Bhutan

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

15

?WorldBank

ABOUT

THEPROJECT

BuddhistCircuitDevelopmentProjectaimstoprovide

sustainablesolutionsfor

improvingurbanizationand

livingconditions,enhancing

assetmanagementand

protection,andpromotinglocal

economicdevelopmentandtourismalongtheBuddhistCircuitinSouthAsia.

16

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

?DepartmentofCulture,Bhutan

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

17

CHALLENGE

SouthAsiahasunstructuredintra-regional

IMPACT

movementofaboutonebillionpeople,whoaredrivenbyitscross-borderrichanddiverseculturalandnaturalassets,visitstorelatives,andbusinesses.Thisholdsamajorpotentialtobuildpeople-to-peopleconnectivityinthisleastintegratedregionandovercome

socioeconomicdeprivationsamongthe

poorestandvulnerablegroupsincluding

womenintheremotepockets.Whilegloballytourismemploymentconsistsof50%women,inSouthAsia’sBuddhistdestinations,that

spanacrosstheregion,only2%ofwomenareemployedbythetourismsector.

INTERVENTION

DuringPhaseIoftheWorldBankproject,

between2016-2018,SARTFPsupported

formulationoftheBuddhistCircuitStrategyandaseriesoftoolsandguidelineswerepreparedonsustainability-drivendevelopment.This

includedananalysisonprivatesector

investmentsandthedesignofthe?rst

inclusivetourismproject?nancedbytheWorldBankinIndia—theUttarPradeshPro-Poor

TourismDevelopmentProject,andthe

preparatoryworkfortheMadhyaPradeshInclusiveTourismProject.

?WorldBank

ThePhaseII(2019-2021)assistedthegovernmentsofNepalandBhutanto

Over

15local

implementpoliciesandformulatesub-regionalplansforinclusiveandresilientterritorial

development,whileunlockingeconomic

women

fromvulnerablecommunitiesruntheAmmaCafé,asocialenterpriseatLumbini.Thesewomenwere

provideddailyliteracyclasses,

life-skills,gender-basedviolenceandhospitalitytrainings,and

cookingtrainingswithlocalchefs.

opportunitiesforvulnerablewomenand

communitieslivingalongtheBuddhistCircuit.

ThisincludedGreaterLumbiniArea

DevelopmentPlanframework,Punakha–

WangduePhodrangRegionalDevelopmentPlan,andBhutan’sCulturalLandscape

RegionalDevelopmentPlanningFramework.

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

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TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

Over

vulnerable

women

entrepreneurs

weretrainedandsupportedviaAmmaWomenFoundation.

Thesewomenincludelocal

weavers,tailors,artisans,

beekeepersandorganicfarmers.

?DepartmentofCulture,Bhutan

InCentralBhutan,awomen-ledcommunitygroup,

NobgangTsherimDetshen

preparedastewardshipplanfortherevitalizationofthevillage.

?DepartmentofCulture,Bhutan

Thisgroupwastrainedtomanage

community-ledsocialenterprises,

andsupportwasprovidedtostartatraditionalNobgangrestaurant,andNobgangBedandBreakfast,

bringingincome-generating

opportunitiesrightattheirdoorstep.

19

?WorldBank

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

SAILINGTHE

UNCHARTEDWATERS

Addressinggender-blindtransportsystemswithinclusiveandsafeinlandwaterways

AssamInlandWaterTransportProject

CaseStudy:India

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

20

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

RunuHazarikaisamotheroffourandagrandmother.InhervillageMajgaoninNorthGuwahati,Assam,shehasanotheruniquedistinction.SheisoneofthefewwomenownersandoperatorsofaBhutbhuti,asmalltraditionalboatwhichis

usedfortransportationacrosstheBrahmaputrariverinNortheastIndia.

Fiveyearsago,whenherhusbandpassedaway,Runutookoverthemantleofhissmalltransportationbusiness.Initiallyhesitant,shefoundabouttheJibondingaSchemeofthe

AssamInlandWaterTransportAuthority,whichprovidedincentivestomodernizeandmechanizeboatswithmarineengines,improvingsafetyande?ciency.Theschemealsoencouragedwomentoapplyandseekeconomic

opportunitiesasvesselownersandoperators.Runu,whoisamongthe35womenapplicants,hasbeenrunningthe

transportbusinessforthelastfouryearsnow.Theboat,

whichishermainsourceofincome,isequippedwithmarineengine,andafrontandabackgear.Itissafer,morereliable,andeasiertooperate.

Iamprobablytheonlywomaninmyvillagewhois

runningthelocalwatertransportationbusiness.

Peoplearoundmeareverysupportiveandalways

encouragemetogrowandupliftmybusiness.The

boatsarenowmechanizedwithamarineengine,

whichhasmadeiteasierforustooperatetheboatsandhasincreasedopportunitiesforwomento

ventureintotransportationbusiness.Ithasaddressedthesafetyconcernsoftheboatoperators,especiallywomen,andhasimprovedthewatertransport

experiencebothforoperatorsandpassengers.Iamnowearningaliving,andalsoservingmycommunity.

RunuHazarika

47years,Majgaon,Assam,India

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

21

?WorldBank

ABOUT

THEPROJECT

AssamwaterwayslinkstothekeytransportcorridorswithBhutan

andBangladeshandprovides

connectivitytolargesectionsof

ruralandurbancommunitiesin

theNortheastregioninIndia.

TheAssamInlandWaterTransportProject(AIWTP)aimstoimprove

theferryinfrastructureandinlandwatertransportservices,makingtheferriesmoresustainable,

inclusive,andaccessible,and

overallsupportwomen’seconomicparticipationincludingintradeandownershipofwatertransport

vessels.

22

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

?AdobeStock

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

23

CHALLENGE

EasternSouthAsiahasanextensive

networkofinlandwaterwayswhich

connectIndia’snorth-eastregionto

BangladeshandBhutan.Manyofthe

communitiesherearehighlydependentonwatersforaccesstoeconomicopportunityandconnectivity.Overall,the3,500kmsoftheEasternWaterwaysGridintheregionhasthepotentialtorejuvenatethe

economiesoftheeasternsubcontinent,generatingrichdividendsfortheregion’s600millionpeople.Butwomenarenotequalpartnersinthisdevelopmentstory.

AsperaSARTFP-supportedstudy,inpartsofAssam,71%ofmalerespondentswereusinginlandwatertransport(IWT)fortradeandtransportationascomparedtobarely28%ofwomen.Someofthechallengesforwomencommutersincludedpooraccess,lackofbasicamenitiessuchastoiletsanddrinkingwater,infrequentferryservices,

potentialforsexualharassment,and

ine?ectivecomplaintsmechanism.This

discouragedtheuseofinlandwater

transport,andtheirgreaterparticipationineconomicactivitiesliketrade.

room,dedicatedareasfordi?erentlyabledpassengers,andappropriatecauseways

withprotectivehandrailforbarrier-free

access.Dedicatedseatsforwomen,well-litspaces,installationofclosed-circuit

televisioncameras,andpublicaddress

systemsattheterminalswerealso

incorporatedintheprojectdesignto

ensuresociallyinclusiveIWTdevelopment.

Basedontherecommendationsofthestudy,theAssamInlandWaterTransportProjectisalsodesignedtoenable

economicallydisadvantagedwomen

producers,entrepreneurs,andsmall-scaletraderstoconnectwithvalue-addedchainsthatcanboosttheirparticipationand

pro?ts.Theprojecthasalsobeendesignedtoprovideanenablingenvironmentfor

womentoengageasserviceprovidersintheIWTsectorandencouragewomen

entrepreneurs.Forinstance,the

“Jibondinga”schemewasintroducedto

improve?eetsafetyandoperational

standardsanditencouragedmorewomentoapplyforvesselownershipandto

become?eetoperators.

INTERVENTION

SARTFP?nancedtheWorldBankstudyon

Gender-InclusiveInlandWaterTransport

andTradeFacilitationinAssam,which

helpedmainstreamgenderinAssamInlandWaterTransportprojectpreparationand

design.Toaddressthechallengesfacedby

womencommuters,theprojectincorporatedthedesignforgender-inclusiveterminalsandferries.Theseincludedgender-segregated

andwheelchair-accessibletoilets,nursing

SOUTHASIAREGIONAL

24

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

IMPACT

Hoursofoperationofferryservicesincreasedfrom

10hoursto

perdaywithnightnavigationfacilities.

Withgender-inclusivedesign

changestoferriesandterminals,

improvedfrequency,andenhancedoperationshourswithnight

2million

navigationservices,theridershipandusageofferriesdoubledfrom1millionin2019to

(avg27%womenusers)in2022

?AdobeStock

Womenself-helpgroupsand

womenentrepreneurswere

providedadditionalincentivesin

“Jibondinga”scheme

whichfacilitatedvesselownershipandmodernizationof?eetto

improvesafetyandoperational

standardsofferryservices.Outof825applications,35werewomen.

APartnershipoftheWorldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignA?airsandTrade(2015-2024)

?WorldBank

25

MayaGurungrunshersmallbusinesschandanfiber,a

cottageindustryunitwherewomenmakeyarnandweavesustainableproductsfromcardamonfiber.In2011,whenMayasetuphersmallshop,therewaslittleknownabout

thevalueofcardamonfiber,itsassociatedproducts,andthecriticalrolewomenplayinformallyinthissector.In2019,thestudyonunderstandingtheRoleofwomenHome-Based

workersinthevaluechainsofLargecardamomandAlloin

Nepalfocusedontheintegralroleofwomeninthesesupplychainsandrecommendedmeasuresforproductsexpansionandtoimproveworkingconditionsforwomen.Thestudy

alsoidentifiedwaystoupgradevalue,improveprocessesinpost-harvestproduction,andpositionthevalue-added

productsfordomesticandinternationalmarkets.

usingsomeoftheserecommendations,Mayahasgrownherbusinesswithupgradedequipment,andimprovedfinishedproductdesigns.shenowhas14employees,andactively

promotesherproducts,whicharewashable,durable,and

usenaturaldyes.TheproductsarealsobeingsoldbysABAHNepal,anon-profitorganization.Maya'sprofitshavejumpedfrom100-140%ofhercostsin2018toover200%atpresent.AsthesoleentrepreneurofcardamomfiberinEastern

Nepalandthechairpersonofthetechnicalgroupfocusedonlargecardamomfiberproducts,Mayacollaborateswithlocalgovernmentsandmunicipalitiestotrainwomeninthis

sectorandearnsanadditional$60perday·

Iamhappytoseethattheroleplayedbywomenincardamomvaluechainsisbeingrecognizedand

thatmultiplestakeholdersareencouragingusto

growbiggerasentrepreneurs.wethoughtthatthetradersandmiddlemendidnotunderstandour

problems,butnowitisgoodtoseethattheyarebeingsensitizedandareresponsivetoourissues.

MayaGurung

52years,ownerchandanfiber,koshiprovince,Nepal

27

ApartnershipoftheworldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade(2015-2024)

28

SUTHASIAREGIONAL

TRADEFACILITATIONPROGRAM

ApartnershipoftheworldBank-AustralianDepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade(2015-2024)

29

In2019,theBEESnetworkwas

formallyregisteredasalegalentityanditdevelopedafive-year

standardoperatingplan.The

networkhasacombineddirectoutreachofapproximately

6.5milion

women(andindirectly,anadditional17.1million),acrossalleightsouthAsiancountries.