專題05 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（原卷版）VIP

動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法①表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。Ioftentakeawalkinthepark.我經(jīng)常在公園散步。TheseT-shirtsarenew.這些T恤衫是新的。②表示客觀事實、真理。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽東升西落。③在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgobikeridingintheopenair.如果明天不下雨，我將在戶外騎自行車。I’lltellherthegoodnewswhenshecomesback.當她回來的時候，我將把這個好消息告訴她。④表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，takeplace等。1）ShanghaiWildAnimalPark_________manyvisitorseveryyear.A)attracted B)attracts C)hasattracted D)willattract2）Mynextdoorneighbor_________footballwithhisfriendseverySaturday.A)hadplayed B)playing C)hasplayed D)plays3）Wayne’ssister_________asawaitressinabigrestaurantforthetimebeing.A)worksB)worked C)hasworkedD)willwork一般過去時的定義①一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek，in2015，threedaysago，theotherday，justnow，atthemoment，thismorning，onceuponatime，longlongago?！猈hatdidyoudoyesterday?昨天你做了什么？—Iwentswimming.我去游泳了。②表示過去經(jīng)常性或習慣性發(fā)生的動作。WhenIwasatmiddleschool,Ioftenwenttoschoolbybike.我讀中學時經(jīng)常騎自行車去學校。一般過去時的用法(1)表示在過去某個時間所發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)。常與yesterday,lastweek,in1989,justnow,amomentago,theotherday等連用。Hewasherejustnow.他剛才還在這里。Whatdidyoudoyesterday?你昨天做了什么事?(2)在過去一段時間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作。Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.我們小時候常在一起玩。注意：表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作還可用usedto和would。Heusedtosmokealot,buthedoesn’tnow.他過去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。Wheneverwewereintrouble,hewouldhelpus.每當我們遇到困難，他都會幫助我們。(3)表示主語過去的特征或性格。AtthattimeshewasverygoodatEnglish.那時她英語學得很好。(4)用在狀語從句中表示過去將來。Hesaidhewouldwaituntiltheycameback.(5)一般過去時有時可以表示現(xiàn)在，多與want,hope,wonder,think,intend等動詞連用，使語氣更委婉。Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.不知你能不能幫我一下。有時用一般過去時也是時態(tài)一致的需要。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。注意：(1)表示一系列的動作，盡管有先后，都用一般過去時，最后兩個動詞之間用and連結(jié)。Heopenedthedoor,rushedoutandthendisappeared.他打開門，沖了出去，然后就消失了。(2)注意在語境中理解＂我剛才/原來還不……＂。—Yourphonenumberagain?Ididn’tquitecatchit.請再說一次你的電話號碼，好嗎？我剛才沒聽清楚。—It’s2566666.是2566666。1）Youcan’tfindAliceinShanghainow.She_________toAmericalastweek.A)hasflown B)hadflown C)flew D)willfly2）Kitty’sfamily__________intothenewflatthreeyearsago.A)moved B)wasmoving C)willmove D)moves3）WangMeng_________threegoldmedalsattheVancouver(溫哥華)WinterOlympicGames.A)wins B)won C)willwin D)wouldwin4）Theteachersinourschool_________onatwo-daytriptothemountainslastweekend. A)go B)goes C)went D)willgo5）Millionsofvisitorsthroughouttheworld_________Shanghaiduring2010WorldExpo. A)visit B)willvisitC)wouldvisitD)visited一般將來時主要構(gòu)成形式一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作，事情或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作或事情。1.will/shall+動詞原形，shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱，willnot=won’t，shallnot=shan’t。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先讀哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點回家好嗎？2.begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開播。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，暴風雨快來了。3.be+不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意為＂馬上做某事＂。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。1）SimonisinterestedinAmericanculture.He_________EnglishatTrojanUniversitynextyear. A)study B)studied C)willstudy D)wouldstudy2）AnotherbridgeacrosstheYangtzeRiver_________builtinoneortwoyears.was B)hasbeen C)wouldbe D)willbe3）They_________theirclassroomtowelcomemecomingChristmastomorrowafternoon.A)decorate B)willdecorate C)aredecorating D)decorated4）Mostofourclassmates_________tocollegeinacoupleofyears.A)goB)willgoC)havegoneD)went5）There_________aDisneylandParkinShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.A)isB)willbeC)wasD)wouldbe現(xiàn)在進行時的定義現(xiàn)在進行時主要用于表示目前正在進行的動作，有時也可表示現(xiàn)階段在進行的動作。TheteacherisgivingusanEnglishlesson.老師正在給我們上英語課。Thefarmersaregettingintheircrops.農(nóng)民們正在收割莊稼。Wearemakingpreparationsfortheconference.我們一直在為會議作準備。1.It’s______________(sun)todayinShanghai.2.—Howisit______________(go),Tom?—Notbad.Thankyou.3.Lookattheboy.He______________(study).4.Soundslikeyou______________(have)agoodtimenow.過去進行時的用法詳解(1)表示在過去某一時間正在進行的動作，此時句中往往有表示過去的時間狀語then,atthattime,thistime,yesterday等。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercametohome.(2)敘述在過去的同一時間都在進行的幾個動作，通常用While。Iwasstudyingatcollegewhilemybrotherwasteachingatuniversity.(3)表示在過去某一段時間內(nèi)一直持續(xù)進行的動作。Theywereexpectingyouyesterday,butyoudidn’tturnup.1.WhenIsawheronthewayhere,he________amagazine.A.reads B.isreading C.wasreading D.willread2.—Whyweren’tyouatthemeetingthismorning?—I_______forafriendofmine.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforyears!A.waited B.havewaited C.waswaiting D.amwaiting3.—Itwasreallykindofyoutogivemealifthome.—Oh,don’tmentionit.I_______pastyourhouseanyway.A.hadcome B.willcome C.havecome D.wascoming4.—Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?—OfcourseIdo.You________inthelibrary.A.werereading B.haveread C.willread D.read5.—Icalledyoubutyoudidn’treplytome.—Oh,sorry,I________Dad,wherearewegoing?(《爸爸去哪兒》)atthecinema.A.watched B.havewatched C.waswatching D.hadwatched現(xiàn)在完成時用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強調(diào)post對現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示)，常與for(+時間段)，since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時間段譯為：……時間②since+過去一個時間點(譯為：自從……以來)③since+時間段+ago④since+從句(過去時)⑤Itis+時間段+since+從句(過去時)注意：瞬間動詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導的時間段連用時，要改變成延續(xù)性動詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/getto→bein goout→beout finish→beoveropen→beopen die→bedead buy→haveFallill→beill Comeback→beback Puton→beon/wearWorry→beworried Catchacold→haveacold1.—Look!Someone__________theclassroom.—Well,itwasn’tme,Ididn’tdoit.A.iscleaning B.wascleaning C.hascleaned D.willclean2.Morethansixmillionguests________ShanghaiDisneylandParksincelastJune.A.visit B.visited C.werevisiting D.havevisited3.—HasyourcousinarrivedinBeijingyet?—Yes.She________Beijingsinceyesterdaymorning.A.arrivedin B.hasarrivedin C.hasbeenin D.hasbeento4.Britain________toleaveEuropeanUnionlastyear.DavidCameron,formerPrimeMinister________sincethen.A.decided;retired B.decided;hasbeenretiredC.hasdecided;retired D.hasdecided;hasretired5.—WhendidtheWhitescometoChina?—They________Chinaforsevenyears.A.havecometo B.havebeenin C.havecomein D.havebeento被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過去時主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語寫的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時主語+willbe+過去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項工作什么時候完成？現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因為我的車正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進行時主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個個大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當我經(jīng)過那個村莊時，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時主語+hadbeen+過去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強行進過這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動詞過去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣。按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動語態(tài))______________people______________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Abirthdaypresent________________________________________________________bymyparentseveryyear.3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線提問)How____________________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishsong__________________________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))It__________________________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))Metal__________________________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))I________________________________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch__________________________________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動語態(tài))______________abridge______________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))Thelightgreendresses__________________________________________out.11.Wecallthegame＂Lianliankan＂.(改為被動語態(tài))Thegame____________________________＂Lianliankan＂byus.隨堂練習1.(2019福建名校模擬,27)—WhereisDavid?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Oh,hetohaveatalkwithMrWhiteinhisofficejustnow.

A.asked B.wasasking C.wasasked2.(2019福州質(zhì)檢,31)Weontheprogramfortwoyears,andIbelieveitwillsoonbefinished,sopleasedon’tgiveupnow.

A.worked B.willwork C.haveworked3.(2019泉州質(zhì)檢,33)—Waiter,I’dlikeaglassoffreshgrapejuice.—Sorry,Madam.Grapejuiceonlyinsummerdays.

A.serves B.served C.isserved4.(2019龍巖質(zhì)檢,27)—Whatareyousoexcitedabout?—Ianinvitationtotheconcert.Ican’twaittogo.

A.receive B.willreceive C.havereceived5.(2019廈門質(zhì)檢,29)—Sam,haveyouheardofEHang184?—Sure,ittohelpusescapefromthecity’sterribletrafficjams.

A.invented B.isinventing C.isinvented6.(2