國際市場營銷學(xué) （原書第18版）測試題Chapter 3 History and Geography The Foundations Of Culture

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Chapter3HistoryandGeography:TheFoundationsOfCulture

1)Acountry'shistoryinfluencesbusinessdecisionssuchasmarketentryandpersonneldecisions.

2)Confucianphilosophy,taughtthroughoutJapan'shistory,emphasizesthebasicvirtueofloyaltytothecountry.

3)Workingasindividuals,ratherthantogether,foracommoncauseisafundamentalbeliefinJapanesebehavior.

4)Recordingofhistoriceventsbyhistoriansbelongingtodifferentculturesgivesusasubjectiveviewofhistory.

5)Mexico'sattitudetowardAmericaisaccuratelysummedupinthestatement—"Geographyhasmadeusneighbors,traditionhasmadeusfriends."

6)InthecontextofU.S.foreignpolicies,theMonroeDoctrine,initsbroadestinterpretation,meantthattheUnitedStatessurrenderedoccupationofCubatotheSovietUnion.

7)ManifestDestinywasusedtojustifytheU.S.annexationofTexas,Oregon,NewMexico,andCalifornia.

8)TheMonroeDoctrinedictatedthattherewouldbenofurtherEuropeancolonizationintheNewWorld.

9)TheRooseveltCorollaryplayedasignificantroleintheU.S.acquisitionofthePanamaCanal.

10)InthecontextofU.S.foreignpolicies,theRooseveltCorollarypavedthewayfornon-AmericaninterventioninLatinAmericanaffairs.

11)AnaccuratedepictionoftheRooseveltCorollaryis"whateverisgoodfortheUnitedStatesisjustifiable."

12)Tounderstandacountry'sattitudes,prejudices,andfears,itisnecessarytolookbeyondthesurfaceofcurrenteventstotheinnersubtletiesofthecountry'sentirepastforclues.

13)Altitude,humidity,andtemperatureextremesareclimaticfeaturesthataffecttheusesandfunctionsofproductsandequipment.

14)Whiletemperaturesandrainfallaffecttradebecausetheycanvary,geographicalconditionssuchasmountainsandoceansdonothaveaneffectontrade.

15)Countriesthatsufferthemostfrommajornaturalcalamitiesareamongthepoorestintheworld.

16)Inthecontextofsocialresponsibilityandenvironmentalmanagement,theUnitedStatescontinuestobetheworld'stoppollution-causingnation.

17)Theprocessofcontrollingindustrialwastesleadstotheissueofdisposalofhazardouswaste,aby-productofpollutioncontrols.

18)Inthecontextofsocialresponsibilityandenvironmentalmanagement,theBaselConventionidentifiedsafedumpingzonesforhazardouswastesexportedbydevelopednations.

19)TheUnitedStatesleadsthefightagainstpollutionwiththemoststringentgreenhouseemissionstandardsintheworld.

20)Inthecontextofsocialresponsibilityandenvironmentalmanagement,sustainabledevelopmentisaboutprotectingtheenvironmentatallcosts.

21)SustainabledevelopmentisoftenfrowneduponintheUnitedStatesbecauseconsumersaremoreinterestedinstylethansustainability.

22)Oneofthefoundationsofmoderntechnologyistheabilitytogenerateenergybecausenationsarenotequalintheirabilitytoproduceenergy.

23)Inmuchoftheunderdevelopedworld,humanlaboristheprevalentsourceofenergy.

24)AmajorreasonwhyChinaisinefficientinoilusageisbecauseofoutdatedtechnology.

25)Theamountofrenewableenergyresourcessuchaswoodandsolarpowerhasdecreasedsharplyinthelastdecade.

26)Chinahasemergedasthemostefficientuserofenergyworldwide.

27)Accordingtosomeeconomists,economicprosperityisafactorthatleadstothedeclineinfertilityrates.

28)Currently,thedevelopingworldhasagrowingpopulationwhiletheindustrializedworld'spopulationisdeclining.

29)NorthAmericaistheregionoftheworldmostaffectedbyasteadilydecliningworker-to-retireeratio.

30)Continuousimprovementsinelectroniccommunicationshavefacilitatedtheexpansionoftrade.

31)TheBostonTeaPartyisanexampleofhowU.S.historyreallybeginswithChinabecause

A)ChinaplacedataxontheBritishwhointurntaxedthecolonists.

B)theBritishprohibitedAmericantradersfromdealingdirectlywithChina.

C)theBritishrecognizedChinaasamorevaluablemarket.

D)Chinaattemptedtoexportteaintothecolonies.

E)mostcolonistshadgenealogicalrootsinChina.

32)The________wasapoliticalprotestagainsttheBritishtaxingsystem.

A)HongKongRevolution

B)BostonTeaParty

C)TaipingRebellion

D)FirstOpiumWar

E)CantonUprising

33)WhichcommoditydominatedthetradebetweenBritainandChinaduringtheearly1800s?

A)bamboo

B)mother-of-pearl

C)silk

D)tea

E)porcelain

34)WhatcommoditydidtheEnglishEastIndiaCompanyturntoinordertohelpBritainerasethetea-causedtradedeficitwithChinaduringthe1800s?

A)watches

B)betelnuts

C)diamonds

D)textiles

E)opium

35)WhatwastheresultoftheFirstOpiumWarbetweentheBritishandChina?

A)ChinacededHongKongtoBritain.

B)HongKongwasdisplacedtoChinaatacostof$10millionpounds.

C)ChinablockadedallBritishports.

D)Opiumwaslegalizedtomaketradingeasierforbothcountries.

E)Notaxeswereallowedtobeleviedonopiumimportsorexports.

36)TheopiumwarsresultedinalossofconfidenceintheChinesegovernmentthatledtotherevoltknownastheTaipingRebellion.HowmanyChineseliveswerelostinthisrebellion?

A)2million

B)40,000

C)400,000

D)20–40million

E)2.4million

37)WhicheventisoneofthepivotalfactorsbehindthewarinessoftheChineseleadershiptowardforeigninfluencesingeneral,andreligiousmovementsinparticular,eventoday?

A)theBoxerRevolution

B)theSatsumaRebellion

C)theNanjingRebellion

D)theHongKongRevolution

E)theTaipingRebellion

38)WhateventultimatelybecameaboutforeignaccesstoChinesetrade?

A)theBoxerRevolution

B)theSatsumaRebellion

C)theVietnamWar

D)theLouisianaPurchase

E)theOpiumWars

39)HowdidtheBritishrespondin1839aftertheEmperorofChinaorderedthedestructionofopiuminventoriesinCanton?

A)TheBritishtaxedChinaforexistinginventories.

B)TheBritishsunkshipsinthePearlRiver.

C)TheBritishopenedallChineseports.

D)TheBritishjoinedforceswithChinaandalsodestroyeditsinventories.

E)TheBritishmadeanagreementwithAmericaforopiumsupplies.

40)Japanwasanisolatedcountrybeforethearrivalof________in1853.

A)MarcoPolo

B)AdmiralHalsey

C)CommodorePerry

D)AdmiralPennington

E)theEastIndiaCompany

41)WhichofthefollowingmaybestexplainwhytheJapanesehavesuchstrongloyaltytowardtheircompanies?

A)Zenphilosophy

B)Taoism

C)Confucianphilosophy

D)Buddhism

E)Bushidophilosophy

42)Duringtheearly1800s,theBritishtasteforteawascreatingahugetradedeficitforBritainwithwhatcountry?

A)France

B)Italy

C)Belgium

D)Finland

E)China

43)AccordingtoConfucianphilosophy,aboveallelse,loyaltyshouldbegivento

A)family.

B)spouse.

C)parents.

D)company.

E)country.

44)WhateventoccurredduringtheMexicanRevolution?

A)theoverthrowingofdictatorErnestoZedillo

B)theyouthmovementagainstreligion

C)thenationalizationofMexicanoilindustry

D)theexpulsionofNorthAmericanbusinessmen

E)thesupportofFrencharmsforrevolutionaries

45)OnSeptember13,thepresidentofMexico,thecabinet,anddiplomaticcorpsassembletorecall"despojoterritorial."Whatisitssignificance?

A)U.S.troopsclaimed890,000squaremilesoflandthatbecameArizona,California,NewMexico,andTexas.

B)U.S.borderofficialsallowedthepeacefulcrossingofMexicancitizensintotheUnitedStates.

C)TradebarrierswereliftedbetweenMexicoandtheU.S.

D)U.S.andMexicansoldiersdefeatedtheChineseattempttotakeoverthisland.

E)MexicojoinedforceswithEuropetodefeattheU.S.attempttopurchaseLouisiana.

46)Whichevent,leadingtotheoverthrowingofthedictatorDíaz,isparticularlyrememberedfortheexpulsionofforeigners—mostnotablyNorthAmericanbusinessmenwhowerethemostvisibleofthewealthyandinfluentialentrepreneurs?

A)theMaderoRebellion

B)theMexicanRevolution

C)theLosNi?osRebellion

D)theMexican-AmericanWar

E)theSanPatriciosRevolution

47)Historyhelpsusunderstandwhynationsbehavethewaytheydo.Forthisreason,mosthistorianstrytopresentinformation

A)anonymously.

B)objectively.

C)simultaneously.

D)verbally.

E)subjectively.

48)WhichstatementmostaccuratelyreflectsthefeelingsofmostMexicanstowardtheUnitedStatesintermsoftheeconomy?

A)MexicanstrustandfavortheUnitedStatesaboveothertradingpartners.

B)MexicanspreferEuropeansovertheUnitedStateswithrespecttotrade.

C)MexicoconsiderstheUnitedStatesaprotectorwhowillhelpitemergeasaworldpower.

D)MexicansseetheUnitedStatesasathreattotheirpolitical,economic,andculturalindependence.

E)MexicansseetheUnitedStatesasalandofabundantopportunityandgoodfortune.

49)CitizensoftheUnitedStatesfeltthattheMonroeDoctrineprovided

A)anopportunityforLatinAmericatobecomeasuperpoweramongnations.

B)excessivetariffsonimportedgoods.

C)higherpricedgoodsintheUnitedStates.

D)protectionforLatinAmericafromEuropeancolonization.

E)amessagetoLatinAmericathatRussiawasincontrol.

50)WhichpolicyimpliedthatLatinAmericawasonlyfortheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountriesshouldnotattempttocontrolit?

A)MonroeDoctrine

B)ManifestDestiny

C)Confucianphilosophy

D)TaipingRebellionpact

E)Opiumwartreaty

51)AccordingtoManifestDestiny,whogaveAmericansthepowertocreateamodelsociety?

A)Roosevelt

B)thepeople

C)God

D)family

E)bigbusiness

52)WhatwastheoverallendresultoftheMexicanWarof1846–1848?

A)MexicowasforcedtocedeCaliforniatotheU.S.

B)TheU.S.andMexicosignedanonaggressionpact.

C)MexicogaveupCaliforniaandtheU.S.gaveupBajaCalifornia.

D)MexicopaidtheU.S.$5millionforwardamages.

E)TheU.S.signedapledgetonotinvadeMexicoagain.

53)TheideaofManifestDestinywasusedtojustifytheU.S.annexationof

A)Virginia.

B)Ohio.

C)Pennsylvania.

D)NewMexico.

E)Carolina.

54)TwomainpointsoftheMonroeDoctrinewerethat________wastostopcolonizationintheNewWorldandnotinterfereingovernmentsintheWesternHemisphere.

A)Asia

B)theUnitedStates

C)LatinAmerica

D)Canada

E)Europe

55)ManifestDestinyandthe________wereacceptedasthebasisforU.S.foreignpolicyduringmuchofthe19thand20thcenturies.

A)RooseveltCorollary

B)NorthAmericanSecurityTreaty

C)MonroeDoctrine

D)GrantMandate

E)HaysCorollary

56)TheRooseveltCorollaryimpliesthat

A)LatinAmericacancontrolitsowneconomy.

B)whateverisgoodfortheUnitedStatesisjustifiable.

C)EuropeaninterventioninLatinAmericaisvalid.

D)theUnitedStatesandEuropeshouldworktogetherinLatinAmerica.

E)nopresidentshouldinterfereintheaffairsofanothercountry.

57)InthecontextofU.S.foreignpolicyinthe19thandthe20thcenturies,________,initsbroadestinterpretation,meantthatAmericanswereachosenpeopletocreateamodelsociety.

A)RooseveltCorollary

B)MonroeDoctrine

C)HaysCorollary

D)GrantMandate

E)ManifestDestiny

58)ManifestDestinyspecificallyreferredtothe

A)politicalcloutoftheUnitedStatesoverEuropeancountries.

B)territorialexpansionoftheUnitedStatesfromtheAtlantictothePacific.

C)focusoninvestmentandinfrastructuredevelopmentinAsia-Pacific.

D)networkofintelligenceoperationsacrosstheworld,especiallytheCommunistworld.

E)"whiteman'sburden"todeveloptheunderdevelopedpartsoftheworld.

59)AbstentionoftheUnitedStatesfromEuropeanpoliticalaffairswasoneofthethreebasicdictaofthe

A)MonroeDoctrine.

B)NorthAmericanSecurityTreaty.

C)HaysCorollary.

D)GrantMandate.

E)RooseveltCorollary.

60)WhichofthefollowingpolicieswasusedintheformationofaprovisionalgovernmentinCubain1906?

A)theManifestDestiny

B)theHayManifesto

C)theWilsonMandate

D)theRooseveltCorollary

E)theGadsdenPolicyPosition

61)The________,acornerstoneofearlyU.S.foreignpolicy,dictatedthatnofurtherEuropeancolonizationintheNewWorldwouldbeaccepted.

A)MadisonCorollary

B)MonroeDoctrine

C)HaysCorollary

D)WilsonPolicyPosition

E)ManifestDestiny

62)WhatwastheresponseofLatinAmericatopoliciesfoundintheMonroeDoctrineandtheRooseveltCorollary?

A)TheywerewelcomedbecausetheycreatedastrongereconomyforallLatinAmericancountries.

B)TheywereusedasrolemodelsforLatinAmericanlegislation.

C)TheywereonlyconsideredimportantforsomeofthecountriesinLatinAmerica.

D)Theywereseenasasignofhope.

E)TheywereconsideredanunwelcomeintrusioninLatinAmericanaffairs.

63)WhenVicenteFoxbecameMexico'sfirstoppositionpartypresident,hestruggledwiththedrugproblemandtheviolenceitcreatedinhiscountry.Whatdidheproposetoalleviatethisissue?

A)Heimplementedazerotolerancepolicyandfirstoffendersweresentencedtojail.

B)Hedecidedtoonlylegalizemarijuanaformedicaluse.

C)Hesuggestedthatalldrugsbelegalized,includingLSD,opium,meth,andmore.

D)Hecreatedacabinetpostthatwouldaddresstheissueandcomeupwithasolution.

E)Heignoredtheissuebecauseitwastoolargeforhimtocontrol.

64)________isthestudyoftheearth'ssurface,climate,continents,countries,peoples,industries,andresources.

A)Geophysics

B)Geography

C)Cartography

D)Demography

E)Sociology

65)Acountrythatstrugglestoexportcropsbecauseitcannotbuildtransportationaroundthelargemountainsthatcovermostoftheterrainisbeingaffectedby

A)sociology.

B)geography.

C)cartography.

D)demographics.

E)geomatics.

66)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheperceptionofgeographicalfeaturessuchasmountainsinthecontextofeconomicgrowthinEurope?

A)Theyprovidenaturalprotectionfrompotentiallyhostileneighbors.

B)Theyareimpedimentstoefficienttradeandcommunication.

C)Theyarenaturallandmarksthatsymbolizenationaltreasure.

D)Theyarefortuitousblessingsthatprovideawealthofnaturalresources.

E)Theyaresymbolsofnationalheritageandhistory.

67)Inthecontextofsocialresponsibilityandenvironmentalmanagement,whichofthefollowingisaby-productofpollutioncontrols?

A)corporateenvironmentalresponsibility

B)highertariffsagainstdevelopingcountries

C)thedisposalofhazardouswaste

D)reducedavailabilityofpetroleumproducts

E)theemissionofgreenhousegases

68)Whichofthefollowingcountriesistheworld'stoppolluter,atpresent,inalmostallrespects?

A)Brazil

B)China

C)Sudan

D)Afghanistan

E)Zimbabwe

69)WhateffectdidtheBaselConventionhaveonworldtrade?

A)ItallowedtheUnitedStatesfullcontroloverthedevelopingcountriesofCentralAmerica.

B)Itmandatedatotalbanontheexportofhazardouswastebydevelopednations.

C)Itimplementedhighertariffsonexportsthatcreatedgreenhouse-gasemissions.

D)Itrequiredacountrytoremovetaxbarrierswhenimportingorexportingtoacontingentnation.

E)Iteliminatedanti-dumpingpoliciesonelectronicdevices.

70)________developmentisajointapproachamongthosewhoseekeconomicgrowthwith"wiseresourcemanagement,equitabledistributionofbenefitsandreductionofnegativeeffectsonpeopleandtheenvironmentfromtheprocessofeconomicgrowth."

A)Parallel

B)Global

C)Sustainable

D)Unrestricted

E)Holistic

71)Mostoftheenergyintheunderdevelopedareasoftheworldcomesfromwhatsource?

A)Nuclearpower

B)Humanlabor

C)Windenergy

D)Geothermalpower

E)Fossilfuel

72)Whichsourceofenergydominatestheworld'senergyusage?

A)Hydroelectricpower

B)Petroleumproducts

C)Windenergy

D)Geothermalpower

E)Nuclearpower

73)Themainreasonscertainproductsdominateenergyusagearoundtheworldisbecausetheyare

A)easytostoreandtransport.

B)favoredbymostgovernments.

C)thecheapestformoffuel.

D)themostefficientformsoffuel.

E)unlimited.

74)WhichstatementdescribestheconsumptionofpetroleumproductsbytheUnitedStates?

A)Americaisthelargestproducerofpetroleumproducts.

B)Americaislikelytostayself-sufficientforthenextseveraldecades.

C)Americaisthethirdlargestconsumerofpetroleumproducts.

D)Americahasbecomeamajorimporterofpetroleumproducts.

E)PetroleumproductsarenolongerthelargestsourceofenergyfortheU.S.

75)Whichcountryisconsideredtobetheworld'smostefficientuserofenergy?

A)Canada

B)Vietnam

C)Japan

D)India

E)China

76)IthasbeennotedthatChinaisinefficientinoilusage.Whatseemstobethemainreasonforthisinefficientuseofenergy?

A)governmentregulations

B)consumerconsumption

C)outdatedtechnology

D)lackofalternatives

E)preponderanceofneed

77)WhichsourceofenergyisusedmostinAmerica?

A)wind

B)solar

C)coal

D)oilandgas

E)wood

78)Whenstudyingthedynamicsofglobalpopulationtrends,itisimportanttorememberthat

A)thedemandforgoodsworldwidemayhavenoeffectonmigrationpatterns.

B)changesinthedistributionofpopulationamongtheworld'scountriesmayfailtoinfluencedemand.

C)theglobalfinancialcrisishascausedmigrationfromruraltourbanareaswithincountries.

D)economicgrowthforecastsandassumptionsaboutfertilityratesareindependentofeachother.

E)theexistenceofsheernumbersofpeopleissignificantinappraisingpotentialconsumermarkets.

79)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruewithrespecttotheeconomiceffectsofcontrollingpopulationgrowth?

A)Fertilityratesincreaseproportionatelytotherateofeconomicgrowth.

B)Adeclineinfertilityrateisafunctionofeconomicprosperity.

C)Lowermale-femaleratiosfavorhigherfertilityrates.

D)Developingnationstendtohavelowerfertilitycomparedtodevelopednations.

E)Higherpopulationgrowthrateshaveresultedinincreasedglobaltrade.

80)Thepopulationoftheindustrializedworldismostaccuratelydescribedas

A)increasingatanunprecedentedpace.

B)indeclineandrapidlyaging.

C)mainlyconsistingofyoungadults.

D)similartothepopulationofdevelopingcountries.

E)remainingconstantforalongtime.

81)Thepartoftheworldwiththelargestportionofpeopleover65yearsisalsothepartoftheworldwiththefewestnumberofpeopleunderage15years.Basedonthis,whatmightoccurinthisareaoftheworld?

A)aconsciousefforttoslowdownrapidurbanizationandindustrialization.

B)alargerfocusonautomationandtechnologyinindustries.

C)aheavytaxburdenonfutureworkers.

D)anincreasedfocusonlowerbirthratesthroughincentives.

E)anincreaseinmigrationtoothernations.

82)Whatwouldhelpbalancetheexplosivepopulationexpansioninlessdevelopedcountriesandtheworkershortageinindustrializedregions?

A)stableworker-to-retireeratio

B)freeflowofimmigration

C)betterseniorretirementprograms

D)prenatalsexscanning

E)provisionsforhigherpension

83)Whatisthemostuniversalmeansusedbygovernmentstocontrolbirthrates?

A)familyplanning

B)universalaccesstohealthcare

C)highliteracylevels

D)educationforwomen

E)improvednutrition

84)Innumerouscultures,afamily'sonlywealthisrepresentedbythenumberofchildrentheyhave.Thisdemonstrateshow________candeterpopulationcontrol.

A)financialbenefits

B)poorenforcementmechanisms

C)biologicalfactors

D)governmentwelfareschemes

E)culturalattitudes

85)Inthecontextofglobalpopulationtrends,anationneedsafertilityrateofabout2.1childrenperwomantobeableto

A)reduceitspopulation.

B)maintainitspopulation.

C)encourageimmigration.

D)increaseitspopulation.

E)discourageimmigration.

86)Whichregionismostaffectedbyagingandthusbyasteadilydecreasingworker-to-retireeratio?

A)Africa

B)NorthAmerica

C)SouthAmerica

D)Asia

E)Europe

87)Countrieslike________andtheU.S.epitomizetheproblemscausedbyanincreasingpercentageofelderlypeoplewhomustbesupportedbyadecliningnumberofskilledworkers.

A)Brazil

B)China

C)Egypt

D)Chile

E)Japan

88)________represent(s)theattemptsofcountriestoovercomeeconomicandsocialimbalancescreatedinpartbytheinfluenceofgeography.

A)Importtariffs

B)FreeTradepolicies

C)Traderoutes

D)Globalmigration

E)Resourcesharingpacts

89)Wha