《水處理技術(shù)（雙語）》課件-砂過濾單元

Sandfiltrationunit-coarsefiltration砂過濾單元--粗過濾概述Overview1.膜：是指在一種流體相內(nèi)或是在兩種流體相之間有一層薄的凝聚相，它把流體相分隔為互不相通的兩部分，并能使這兩部分之間產(chǎn)生傳質(zhì)作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜過濾：是指利用特定材質(zhì)的薄膜過濾掉液體（水）中的污染物或其他成分的過濾方法。膜過濾采用的是一種半透膜，它只允許特定的物質(zhì)可通過薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.該工作單元側(cè)重兩點Thisworkunitfocusesontwopoints一是將飲用水中常用的固態(tài)物分離的固態(tài)物過濾過程oneisthesolidsfiltrationprocessthatseparatesthesolidscommonlyusedindrinkingwater過濾原理圖概述Overview概述Overview實際上，

使用沙層，通過在一點點滴落的過程中進行深層過濾來濾出未溶物和懸浮污染物。

Ineffect,thesandlayerisusedtofilteroutundissolvedandsuspendedcontaminantsbydeepfiltrationinalittledripprocess.污染物滯留在沙層，沉積形成濾后沉淀。隨著時間的推進，滲透性降低，沙層上方水位上升，并通過感應(yīng)的方式記錄下來。Contaminantsareretainedinthesandlayeranddepositedtoformpost-filtrationsedimentation.Astimeprogresses,permeabilitydecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerrisesandisrecordedbyinduction.傳感器信號將入口關(guān)閉，并開始反流過程。在PC上通過附帶的軟件對過濾過程的參數(shù)化進行配置.Thesensorsignalclosestheinletandstartsthebackflowprocess.TheparameterizationofthefiltrationprocessisconfiguredonaPCviatheincludedsoftware.例如改變反流時間或調(diào)整凈化空氣壓力，以粉碎濾后沉淀。含有粒度不同的石英砂礫的不同過濾層的結(jié)構(gòu)，以及通過透明過濾外殼對清潔性能進行監(jiān)視，屬于特殊環(huán)節(jié)。Forexample,thebackflowtimeischangedorthepurgeairpressureisadjustedtocrushthepost-filtrationprecipitation.Thestructureofthedifferentfilterlayerscontainingquartzgravelswithdifferentparticlesizesandthemonitoringofthecleaningperformancebymeansoftransparentfilterhousingsarespecialaspects.二是污水處理技術(shù)Second,sewagetreatmenttechnology功能Function該工作單元專門針對飲用水和污水工程中固體分離方面經(jīng)常采用的過濾方法。Thisworkingunitisspecificallydesignedforfiltrationmethodsoftenusedintheseparationofsolidsindrinkingwaterandwastewaterengineering.跟大自然一樣，沙層用來在通過深層過濾滲透時截留住懸浮在水中的未溶解雜質(zhì)。Likenature,thesandlayerisusedtotrapundissolvedimpuritiessuspendedinthewaterasitpercolatesthroughdeepfiltration.這些污染物附著在沙層中，形成濾餅。隨著時間的推移，沙層的滲透性降低，沙層上方的水位增加，由傳感器進行檢測。傳感器信號可以中斷進水，然后開始反向沖洗過程。Thesecontaminantsadheretothesandlayerandformafiltercake.Overtime,thepermeabilityofthesandlayerdecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerincreases,whichisdetectedbysensors.Thesensorsignalcaninterruptthewaterintakeandthenstartthebackwashingprocess.過濾過程的參數(shù)設(shè)置是通過隨軟件在PC上進行的，例如：調(diào)整反向沖洗時間或用于分解濾餅的沖洗空氣的壓力設(shè)置。TheparametersofthefiltrationprocessaresetonthePCusingtheaccompanyingsoftware,e.g.toadjustthebackflushtimeorthepressuresettingoftheflushingairusedtobreakupthefiltercake.功能Function學(xué)習(xí)的一個重要內(nèi)容是：介紹由不同顆粒大小的石英砂和石英礫石構(gòu)成的過濾層，以及通過透明的外罩觀察它們各自的清潔性能。Animportantpartofthestudyisthepresentationofthefilterlayersconsistingofquartzsandandquartzgravelofdifferentparticlesizesandtheobservationoftheirrespectivecleaningpropertiesthroughatransparentoutercover.功能Function主要包括：Mainlyincludes:水箱（地下水）1個，1Xwatertank(groundwater)沙濾裝置1套，1setofsandfilteringdevice.凈水箱1個，1Xwaterpurificationtank.反沖洗泵1個，1Xbackwashing

pump.PID控制界面兩個2x

PIDcontrolinterfaces吸液裝置1套（模擬污染物）1setofaspirationdevices

(simulatedcontaminants)EDS過濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction它是一種控訴沙過濾裝置，可以模擬快速沙濾、反沖洗過程。Itisacontrolv.sandfiltrationdevicethatcansimulatetherapidsandfiltrationandbackwashingprocess.EDS過濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction前視圖FrontViewEDS膜過濾的簡介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration后視圖Rearview定義：是指液體在強制通過多孔材料或濾床時，與固體懸浮物分離的過程。Definition:Itistheprocessofseparationofaliquidfromsuspendedsolidsasitisforcedthroughaporousmaterialorfilterbed.由于固體與液體密度相當(dāng)，導(dǎo)致固體懸浮在液體中，而使用絮凝、浮選和沉淀都無法再去除的固體，可使用過濾的方法去除。Solidsthatcannolongerberemovedusingflocculation,flotationandsedimentationduetotheircomparabledensitytotheliquid,resultinginsolidssuspendedintheliquid,canberemovedusingfiltration.過濾是由過濾介質(zhì)兩側(cè)的壓差驅(qū)動。Filtrationisdrivenbythedifferentialpressurebetweenthetwosidesofthefiltermedia.過濾的分離機制基于過濾介質(zhì)的空隙。Theseparationmechanismoffiltrationisbasedonthevoidsofthefiltermedia.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge表面過濾：膜過濾Surfacefiltration:membranefiltration深層過濾：沙過濾Deepfiltration:sandfiltration過濾一般分為表面過濾和深層過濾。Filtrationisgenerallydividedintosurfacefiltrationanddeepfiltration.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge過濾知識Filtrationknowledge過程特性慢速沙濾快速沙濾過濾速率0.05-0.3m/h5-15m/h介質(zhì)直徑0.3-0.45mm0.5-1.2mm床深0.9-1.5m0.6-1.8m氧含量3mg/l---成熟期幾天時間15分鐘-2小時預(yù)處理不需要混凝主要過濾機制濾除、生物活動深層過濾/濾除再生方法刮擦清洗反沖洗沙過濾裝置是最常見的深層過濾。Sandfiltrationunitsarethemostcommontypeofdeepfiltration.沙濾裝置除了石英砂材料外，還可能用到無煙煤、鐵砂等。底部一般位砂礫支撐層，上方位為過濾介質(zhì)（石英沙、無煙煤等）Sandfilterdevicemayuseanthracite,ironsand,etc.inadditiontoquartzsandmaterial.Thebottomisgenerallylocatedgravelsupportlayer,theupperorientationisfiltermedia(quartzsand,anthracite,etc.)沙過濾的分類：快速沙過濾、慢速沙過濾Classificationofsandfiltration:fastsandfiltration,slowsandfiltration過濾知識過濾知識Filtrationknowledge濾除：濾除或截留大于過濾介質(zhì)孔隙的顆粒Filterout:filteroutorretainparticleslargerthantheporesofthefiltermedia截斷：沿著水流線移動的顆粒在接觸過濾介質(zhì)表面時被去除Cut-off:particlesmovingalongthewaterflowlineareremovedwhentheycomeincontactwiththesurfaceofthefiltermedia慣性撞擊：重顆粒不沿著水流線Inertialimpact:heavyparticlesdonotfollowthelineofwaterflow擴散：因為顆粒的布朗運動或隨機運動Diffusion:becauseoftheBrownianorrandommotionoftheparticles快速沙濾裝置的內(nèi)在機制：Mechanismsinherentinrapidsandfiltrationdevices.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge流體動力學(xué)相互作用：（或粘附）顆粒-過濾層之間的相互作用Fluiddynamicsinteractions:(oradhesion)betweenparticles-filterlayerinteractions靜電相互作用：（或吸附）因為顆?；蜻^濾介質(zhì)的表面電荷靜電力

示例-范德華力和庫倫力Electrostaticinteractions:(oradsorption)becauseofelectrostaticforcesonthesurface

chargeofparticlesorfiltermediaExamples-VanderWaalsandCoulombforces沉淀：將溶液中的目的產(chǎn)物或主要雜質(zhì)以無定形固相形式析出再進行分離的操作。Precipitation:Theoperationofprecipitatingthetargetproductormajorimpuritiesinsolutionintheformofanamorphoussolidphaseandthenseparatingthem.圖為范德華力ThepictureisVanderWalik過濾知識Filtrationknowledge安裝成本低Lowinstallationcost容易獲得的過濾介質(zhì)Easilyaccessiblefiltermedia能耗低Lowenergyconsumption易于操作和維護Easytooperateandmaintain流速比慢沙濾裝置高出約40-100倍Flowratesareapproximately40-100timeshigherthanslowsandfilterunits無需其他化學(xué)品Noadditionalchemicalsrequired低維護成本Lowmaintenancecosts快速沙濾裝置具有以下幾個優(yōu)點：Rapidsandfiltrationunitsofferseveraladvantages.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge反沖洗是指水流反向通過過濾介質(zhì)以沖洗掉滯留固體的過程。Backwashingisthe