【高一下期末】天津市南開(kāi)區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末階段性質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2/22021—2022學(xué)年度階段性質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.本部分聽(tīng)力考試共15小題，滿分為20分?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案涂寫(xiě)在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)位置上，答在試卷上的無(wú)效。2.錄音材料播放時(shí)，考生可將答案標(biāo)在試卷上；錄音材料播放完畢后，考生都將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)位置上。3.轉(zhuǎn)涂答案時(shí)，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。第一部分（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡9.15.B.￡15.19.C.￡19.15.答案為C。1.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary..B.Atabookstore..C.Inamuseum..2.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A.Afish.B.Abird.C.Amonkey.3.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Snowy.4.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub.C.Thesportsclub.5.Whenwillthefilmstart?A.At5:00.B.At6:00.C.At7:00.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）聽(tīng)下面幾段材料。每段材料后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段材料前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段材料讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6至第8小題。6.WhenwilltheGlastonburyFestivalend?A.OnJune24th.B.OnJune28th.C.OnJune30th.7.HowmuchdoesitcosttotakeacoachtoCastleCary?A.￡30.B.￡35.20.C.￡70.40.8Whatdoesthemansuggestbringing?A.Umbrellas.B.Somefood.C.Arainjacket.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第9至第11小題。9.HowdidthewomanfeelaboutEmpty?A.Interesting.B.Clever.C.Boring.10.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthosecardboardboxescalledFuture?A.Shelikesitverymuch.B.Hercatwouldlovetoplayinthem.C.Itisbetterthantraditionalpaintings.11.Whichofthefollowingdoesthemandisagreewith?A.TheworkLivingRoomisnotart.B.Everydayobjectscanalsobeart.C.Artshouldhavedifferentmeaningsforeveryone.聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第12至第15小題。12.Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?ARelatives.B.Strangers.C.Visitors.13.Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?A.Toexpressopinions.B.Toavoidarguments.C.Toshowfriendliness.14.Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?A.Politics.B.Movies.C.Salaries.15.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?A.Askingopen—endedquestions.B.Feelingfreetochangetopics.C.Makingsmalltalkinteresting.第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.本卷共55小題，共95分。（含聽(tīng)力）第一部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共10小題：每小題1分，滿分10分）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。例:Standoverthereyou'llheablatoseeithatterA.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.—MayIuseyourdictionary?I’mstuckinthesentence.—It’sjustonmydesk.________.A.Gotit B.Mypleasure C.Helpyourself D.Comeon【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際。句意：——我可以用一下你的字典嗎？我被一個(gè)句子困住了?！驮谖业淖雷由?。請(qǐng)隨意。A.Gotit懂了，明白了；B.Mypleasure很高興能為你效勞；C.Helpyourself請(qǐng)自便；D.Comeon快點(diǎn)，加油，得了吧。結(jié)合“它就在我的桌子上”可知，說(shuō)話一方請(qǐng)另一方隨意使用字典。故選C。2.（2016·浙江）onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.A.Since B.AfterC.While D.Unless【答案】C【解析】【詳解】試題分析：句意：盡管網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但是不是其所有的影響都是積極的。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；since既然，自從；after在……之后；unless除非。故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查連詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】這幾個(gè)詞都是連詞，要分清每個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ)的含義和用法，做題時(shí)關(guān)鍵看上下文和邏輯關(guān)系。since引導(dǎo)原因/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；while引導(dǎo)讓步/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。while的用法比較多，不僅僅在選擇題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生在做閱讀理解、完形填空的時(shí)候，遇到while一定要判斷它的準(zhǔn)確含義，以便于正確理解句子的意思。3.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesandforks.A.another B.othersC.both D.all【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查代詞。句意：在一些國(guó)家，人們用筷子吃飯；然而在另一些國(guó)家，人們用刀子和叉子。A.another另一個(gè)；B.others其他人或物，泛指；C.both兩者都；D.all全部。根據(jù)句意，此處考查Some…others...，表示“一些……另一些……”，故選B。4.Ourclubisopentoeveryone____age,sexoreducationalbackground.A.dueto B.exceptforC.alongwith D.regardlessof【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們的俱樂(lè)部對(duì)每個(gè)人都開(kāi)放，無(wú)論年齡，性別或是教育背景。A.dueto由于；B.exceptfor除……之外；C.alongwith和……一起；D.regardlessof無(wú)論。這里意思是“無(wú)論年齡，性別或是教育背景”，根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境，故選D。5.Throughthisactivity,manystudentsnowunderstandwhatgreatdifficultytheirparentshavehad________themup.A.raise B.raising C.raised D.toraise【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：通過(guò)這次活動(dòng)，許多學(xué)生現(xiàn)在明白了他們的父母養(yǎng)育他們有多么大的困難。固定搭配：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“在做某事上有困難”，省略介詞in時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故選B。6.Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)________wayofreachingtargetcustomers.A.temporary B.complex C.accurate D.efficient【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：隨著網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的快速流行，網(wǎng)絡(luò)被看作是獲得消費(fèi)者的最有效的方法。temporary臨時(shí)的；complex復(fù)雜的；accurate精確的；efficient有效的。這里表示“網(wǎng)絡(luò)被看作是獲得消費(fèi)者的最有效的方法”。故選D。7.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.who B.when C.which D.where【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在那里他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知這里含有一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首。定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。8.I________toHuizhouwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.A.woulddrive B.havedriven C.wasdriving D.drove【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我正開(kāi)車(chē)去往徽州，突然我發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯(cuò)路了。本空在句中做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子后面有when引導(dǎo)句子，本句應(yīng)用了固定結(jié)構(gòu)：bedoing...when...，意為“正在做……這時(shí)（突然）……”，結(jié)合謂語(yǔ)found可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以drive用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)。9.Ifthereisalotofwork_________．I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished．A.todo B.tobedoingC.done D.doing【答案】A【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很樂(lè)意一直把它做完。分析句子可知，用不定式做定語(yǔ)表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞的名詞、代詞后，此處todo在句中做定語(yǔ)修飾work，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，故選A。10.Asagrassrootssinger,shereadseverythingshecan______concerningmusic,andtakeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.A.catchsightof B.getholdofC.takechargeof D.makementionof【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：作為一名草根歌手，她閱讀能夠找到的關(guān)于音樂(lè)的一切，并且抓住每一個(gè)提高自己的機(jī)會(huì)。A.catchsightof看見(jiàn)；B.Getholdof找到某物以供使用；C.Takechargeof控制；D.makementionof提到。根據(jù)takeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.可知，，她閱讀能夠找到的關(guān)于音樂(lè)的一切，并且抓住每一個(gè)提高自己的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】本題考查短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞+名詞+of的結(jié)構(gòu)。還有一些類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)，如：getthebestof勝過(guò)makethebestof充分利用，妥善處理；getthebetterof打??；takecareof照顧，照料；taketheplaceof代替，考生平時(shí)要多積累多總結(jié)。第二節(jié)完形填空（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從16~30各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)，將短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整。MichaelGreenbergisaverypopularNewYorker.Heisnotfamousinsportsorthearts.Butpeopleinthestreets___11___him,especiallythosewhoarepoor.Forthosepeople,heis“Gloves”(手套)Greenberg.Howdidhegetthat___12___?Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitandcarryingabriefcase(公文箱).Buthe’s___13___.Hisbriefcasealwayshassomegloves.Inwinter,Mr.GreenbergdoesnotactlikeotherNewYorkers,wholookatthesidewalkand___14___thestreet.Helooksaroundatpeople.Hestopswhenhe___15___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapairandthenhemoveson,lookingformorepeoplewithcold___16___.Onwinterdays,Mr.Greenberggivesawaygloves.Duringtherestoftheyear,he___17___gloves.Peoplewhohaveheardabouthim___18___himgloves,andhehasmanyinhisapartment.Mr.Greenberg___19___doingthis21yearsago.Now,manypoorNewYorkersknowhimand____20____hisbehavior.Butpeoplewhodon’tknowhimaresometimes____21____him.Theydon’trealizethathejustwantstomakethem____22____.Itrunsinthe____23____.Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.MichaelGreenbergfeelsthe____24____.Apairofglovesmaybea____25____thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.11.A.knowabout B.learnfrom C.cheerfor D.lookafter12.A.job B.name C.chance D.message13.A.calm B.different C.crazy D.curious14.A.crossover B.drivealong C.hurrydown D.keepoff15.A.helps B.chooses C.greets D.sees16.A.hands B.ears C.faces D.eyes17.A.borrows B.sells C.returns D.buys18.A.call B.send C.lend D.show19.A.delayed B.remembered C.began D.enjoyed20.A.understand B.dislike C.study D.excuse21.A.sorryfor B.satisfiedwith C.proudof D.surprisedby22.A.smart B.rich C.special D.happy23.A.city B.family C.neighborhood D.company24.A.honor B.pain C.same D.cold25.A.small B.useful C.delightful D.comforting【答案】11.A12.B13.B14.C15.D16.A17.D18.B19.C20.A21.D22.D23.B24.C25.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為記敘文。每當(dāng)寒冷的冬季來(lái)臨，MichaelGreenberg都會(huì)走上街頭，為窮人送上溫暖的手套，他的故事詮釋了那句話——予人玫瑰，手有余香?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但是街上的人都知道他，尤其是那些窮人。A.knowabout知道；B.learnfrom從……中學(xué)習(xí)；C.cheerfor為……喝彩叫好；D.lookafter照顧。由上文的“MichaelGreenbergisaverypopularNewYorker.(MichaelGreenberg是一位非常受歡迎的紐約人)”和下文“MichaelGreenberg都會(huì)走上街頭，為窮人送上溫暖的手套”可知，街上的人都知道MichaelGreenberg。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是怎么得到這個(gè)名字的？A.job工作；B.name名字；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.message信息。這里thatname指代上文人們給MichaelGreenberg起的昵稱“Gloves”Greenberg。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他與眾不同。A.calm冷靜的；B.different不同的；C.crazy瘋狂的；D.curious好奇的。由上文的“Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitandcarryingabriefcase(公文箱).(他和其他商人一樣，穿著西裝，提著公文包)”和下文的“Hisbriefcasealwayshassomegloves(他的公文包里總是有一些手套)”可知，連詞but提示上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可知，Greenberg和上文提及的其他商人有所不同。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在冬天，Greenberg不像其他紐約人那樣看著人行道，匆匆忙忙地走在街上。A.crossover橫越；B.drivealong一直往前開(kāi)；C.hurrydown沿著……匆忙走；D.keepoff別靠近。由下文的“Helooksaroundatpeople.Hestopswhenhe___5___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapair(他看著周?chē)娜?。?dāng)他看到有人沒(méi)戴手套時(shí)，他停了下來(lái)。他給了他們一雙)”可知，根據(jù)下文的動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)可判斷出，此處指那些和Greenberg先生不同的人從街道匆忙走過(guò)去的情形。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他看到有人沒(méi)戴手套時(shí)，他停了下來(lái)。A.helps幫助；B.chooses選擇；C.greets問(wèn)候；D.sees看見(jiàn)。由下文的“Hegivesthemapair”可知，應(yīng)先是看到別人沒(méi)帶手套，Greenberg先生才去給手套。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他給了他們一雙，然后繼續(xù)尋找更多手冰冷的人。A.hands手；B.ears耳朵；C.faces臉；D.eyes眼睛。呼應(yīng)上文的“withnogloves”，沒(méi)有手套的人自然是雙手冰冷的人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在今年剩下的時(shí)間里，他會(huì)買(mǎi)手套。A.borrows借來(lái)；B.sells賣(mài)；C.returns歸還；D.buys買(mǎi)。由上文的“Onwinterdays,Mr.Greenberggivesawaygloves.(在冬天，Greenberg先生會(huì)分發(fā)手套)”和下文的“hehasmanyinhisapartment(他公寓里有很多手套)”可知，Greenberg先生會(huì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)手套以便冬天可以發(fā)放。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他的人都送他手套，他公寓里有很多手套。A.call打電話；B.send寄送；C.lend借出；D.show展示。由上文的“Hestopswhenhe___5___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapair(當(dāng)他看到有人沒(méi)戴手套時(shí)，他停了下來(lái)。他給了他們一雙)”可知，聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)Greenberg先生在街上送人手套事跡的人就會(huì)給他寄來(lái)手套。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Greenberg先生21年前開(kāi)始這樣做。A.delayed耽擱；B.remembered記得；C.began開(kāi)始；D.enjoyed喜歡。由本處的“Mr.Greenberg___9___doingthis21yearsago.”可知，此處指Greenberg先生21年前開(kāi)始在街上送人手套。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，許多貧窮的紐約人知道他，理解他的行為。A.understand理解；B.dislike不喜歡；C.study學(xué)習(xí)；D.excuse原諒。由上文的“Now,manypoorNewYorkersknowhim”可知，許多貧窮的紐約人理解Greenberg先生在街上送人手套的行為。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但不認(rèn)識(shí)他的人有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)他感到驚訝。A.sorryfor抱歉；B.satisfiedwith滿意；C.proudof為……而自豪；D.surprisedby吃驚。由上文的“Butpeoplewhodon’tknowhim”可知，不認(rèn)識(shí)Greenberg先生的人有時(shí)就會(huì)對(duì)他在街上送人手套的舉動(dòng)感到驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他只是想讓他們開(kāi)心。A.smart聰明的；B.rich富有的；C.special特殊的；D.happy快樂(lè)的。由常識(shí)和下文的“Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(邁克爾的父親總是幫助窮人，因?yàn)樗嘈胚@會(huì)讓每個(gè)人都更幸福)”可知，在寒冷的冬天，得到一雙手套，手暖了，心里也開(kāi)心，Greenberg先生在街上送人手套只是想讓手冷的人開(kāi)心。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是家族遺傳。A.city城市；B.family家族；C.neighborhood鄰里；D.company公司。由下文的“Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(邁克爾的父親總是幫助窮人，因?yàn)樗嘈胚@會(huì)讓每個(gè)人都更幸福)”，結(jié)合Greenberg先生在街上送人手套的舉動(dòng)，可得出樂(lè)于助人是Greenberg先生家族遺傳。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：MichaelGreenberg也有同感。A.honor榮耀；B.pain痛苦；C.same相同；D.cold寒冷。呼應(yīng)上文的“hebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier”可知，和父親一樣，Greenberg先生幫助人只是想讓每個(gè)人都更幸福。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一副手套也許是件小事，但在冬天它能起到很大的作用。A.small小的；B.useful有用的；C.delightful高興的；D.comforting令人安慰的。but提示上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，big的反義詞是small，手套雖小，但作用很大。故選A項(xiàng)。第二部分閱讀理解（共25小題：滿分45分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；第31—40題，每小題2.5分；36—45題，每小題2分；滿分35分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。AInterviewer:Goodevening,andwelcometoBetweenthePages.Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Welcome,Richard!Richard:Thankyou.It’sapleasuretobehere.Interviewer:Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Itsuggeststhatthepresentdayisanewageforinventions,butmanypeoplemightthinkthatthegreatageofinventionisover.Richard:Well,that’saninterestingpoint.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina:gunpowder,papermaking,printingandthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions:thesteamengine,thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnow,wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.Interviewer:Soaremostofthenewgreatinventionstech-based?Richard:Alot,yes.Forexample,advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech,aswellastheflexiblebattery,meanweshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Interviewer:Canyougiveussomeexamples?Richard:Sure.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Intermsoftheenvironment,itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces,withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”.What'smore,hugeadvancesinsolartechnologymeanitcanbeeco-friendly,too.Interviewer:Impressivestuff!I’vealsobeentoldthatyou’reaninventoryourself.Isthatcorrect?Richard:Yes,Iam,butI’monlyonememberofabigteam—mostinventorsnowworkaspartofbiginternationalteams.Interviewer:Isee.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?Richard:Mostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes,whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.!Now,reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.Interviewer:Onelastquestion.Thisistheoneeveryonereallywantstoknow:willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?Richard:Ithinkyou’vebeenwatchingtoomanymovies!NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!But,astheysay,“Neversaynever!”26.WhatdoweknowaboutDr.RichardFairhurst?A.HeisaninterviewerofaTVprogramme.B.HeisthedirectorofBetweenthePages.C.Heisadoctorfromthelocalhospital.D.HeistheauthorofTheNewAgeofInvention.27.RichardintroducesthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChinainordertoshow.A.theiradvantagesovertheinventionsintheWestB.hisbroadknowledgeinthefieldofscienceinthepastC.theexistenceofthegoldenagesofinventioninhistoryD.theiruselessnessforthedevelopmentofthesocietynow28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostinventorspreferworkingbythemselvespresent.B.Thedesiretosolveproblemsinspiresinvention.C.Environmentisatopconcerninthenewgreatinventions.D.Atoftoday’sgreatinventionsarebasedontechnology.29.WhatisRichard’sattitudetowardsthetimemachine?A.Heconsidersitpossibletoinventatimemachine.B.Heisquiteindifferenttotheinventionofatimemachine.C.Hethinksitunrealistictoseeatimemachineonthescreen.D.Heissurethatatimemachinewillnotbeinvented.30.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ComputerTechnologyB.AFamousInventorC.TheNewAgeofInventionD.InspirationsforInventions【答案】26.D27.C28.B29.A30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章以訪談的形式讓讀者了解《新發(fā)明時(shí)代》的作者和其對(duì)新發(fā)明時(shí)代的觀點(diǎn)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.(今晚，我將與Dr.RichardFairhurst交談，他的新書(shū)《新發(fā)明時(shí)代》剛剛出版)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst是《新發(fā)明時(shí)代》的作者。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina:gunpowder,papermaking,printingandthecompass.(歷史上有過(guò)發(fā)明的黃金時(shí)代。想想中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明：火藥、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)和指南針)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst提及中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明是為了表明歷史上存在發(fā)明的黃金時(shí)代。故選C項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段段中的“Mostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.(大多數(shù)發(fā)明都是從認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)需要解決的問(wèn)題開(kāi)始的)”和“Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(但仍然重要的是，我們有一種強(qiáng)烈地想要思考和創(chuàng)造的渴望，這才是真正的發(fā)明精神)”可知，B項(xiàng)“解決問(wèn)題的愿望激發(fā)了發(fā)明”正確。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段段中的“Thisistheoneeveryonereallywantstoknow:willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?(這是每個(gè)人都想知道的：有人會(huì)發(fā)明時(shí)間機(jī)器嗎？)”和最后一段中的“NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!But,astheysay,'Neversaynever!'(現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有這樣的發(fā)明，我想說(shuō)，我們離這樣的發(fā)明還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走！但是，常言道‘別輕易說(shuō)絕不’)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst認(rèn)為我們離發(fā)明時(shí)間機(jī)器還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，但別輕易說(shuō)不可能，說(shuō)明他認(rèn)為發(fā)明時(shí)間機(jī)器是可能的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段中的“Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.(今晚，我將與Dr.RichardFairhurst交談，他的新書(shū)《新發(fā)明時(shí)代》剛剛出版)”和下文訪談內(nèi)容可知，文章以訪談的形式讓讀者了解《新發(fā)明時(shí)代》的作者Dr.RichardFairhurst和其對(duì)新發(fā)明時(shí)代的觀點(diǎn)，C項(xiàng)“新發(fā)明時(shí)代（TheNewAgeofInvention）”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。BWrittenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell—knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeonecookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut,wesay“It’sgreat!”,evenifwethinkit’sawful.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps,theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Finally,wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywasfine?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?31.WhydoestheauthorquoteWalterScott’sfamousexcerpt?A.Heexplainsthereasonswhypeoplewanttotellwhitelies.B.Hewantstoattachmoreimportancetothispassage.C.Heshowsthattellinglieshasbeencommonforlong.D.Hehopestocallonpeopletotellwhitelies.32.Ifamealisinfactawful,whydopeoplesayitisdelicious?A.Theydon’twishthehosttobehurt.B.Theywishthehosttocookmoredeliciousfood.C.Theywishthehosttoservethemmore.D.Theydon’twishthehosttocooksuchameal.33.Accordingtothepassage,whenwesayourfriend’shaircutiswonderful,infactwemaywantto.A.improvethesituationforothersB.protectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothersC.makeourfriendhappyD.keepourfriendship34.Accordingtothepassage,whenwehaveabadday,theauthoradvisesusto.A.hideourtruefeelingsandlietoothersthatourdayisfineB.shareitwithafriendC.goonatripalonetorelaxourselvesD.tellourparentsandaskfortheiradvice35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowtheimportanceofhonesty.B.Toanalyzethereasonsoftellinglies.C.Topromotethebenefitsofwhitelies.D.Topersuadereaderstoavoidtellinglies.【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了人們說(shuō)善意謊言的原因，但善意謊言也會(huì)帶來(lái)不好的后果，作者最后建議不要說(shuō)謊?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell—knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!(‘啊，謊言一旦開(kāi)始，我們須得織就一張錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)！’沃爾特·斯科特的這些詩(shī)句寫(xiě)于200多年前，至今仍是蘇格蘭詩(shī)歌中最著名的摘錄之一)”可知，200多年前沃爾特·斯科特就對(duì)說(shuō)謊有了一個(gè)清晰明確的認(rèn)識(shí)，說(shuō)謊一旦開(kāi)始就會(huì)有之后的許多謊言，其所寫(xiě)詩(shī)句還被廣泛流傳，作者引用其著名詩(shī)句說(shuō)明于人類(lèi)而言說(shuō)謊早已司空見(jiàn)慣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.(也許我們會(huì)安慰自己，我們所說(shuō)的大多數(shù)謊言都是“善意的謊言”：我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)他人不受真相的傷害而撒的小謊)”和第三段中的“Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.(我們大多數(shù)人當(dāng)然不會(huì)說(shuō)實(shí)話——我們?nèi)鲋e說(shuō)食物“好吃”)”可知，如果一頓飯真的很糟糕，人們說(shuō)它好吃的原因是不希望主人受到傷害。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.(也許事實(shí)上，我們?nèi)鲋e只是為了不讓別人失望和生氣，以免殃及自身)”可知，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)朋友的發(fā)型很棒時(shí)，事實(shí)上我們可能想不讓別人失望和生氣，以免殃及自身。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywasfine?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?(如果你度過(guò)了糟糕的一天，你會(huì)告訴你的父母嗎，還是會(huì)含淚撒謊說(shuō)你今天過(guò)得很好？如果是后者，你不認(rèn)為你的父母會(huì)想聽(tīng)你的話，理解你的感受嗎？尊重他們對(duì)你的關(guān)心并征求他們的意見(jiàn)不是更好嗎？)”可知，當(dāng)我們度過(guò)糟糕的一天時(shí)，作者建議我們告訴我們的父母并征求他們的意見(jiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?(回到沃爾特·斯科特的詩(shī)句，我們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是善意的謊言也會(huì)產(chǎn)生我們無(wú)法事先知道的結(jié)果。也許你說(shuō)的“美味”一餐會(huì)在你每次來(lái)訪時(shí)提供。如果你的朋友發(fā)現(xiàn)你對(duì)他的“美妙”歌唱撒了謊，他會(huì)再次相信你的意見(jiàn)嗎？如果你只分享好消息而不是壞消息，你怎么能期望別人真正理解你的情緒？此外，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)與你最親近的人一直在向你隱瞞真相，你會(huì)有什么感受？)”可知，作者認(rèn)為善意謊言也會(huì)帶來(lái)不好的后果，所以作者希望說(shuō)服讀者不要說(shuō)謊。故選D項(xiàng)。CDuringtheannualpoliticalmeetings,environmentalprotectionwasdefinitelyamongthebiggestconcerns.Actually,itwasalsoanissuethatancientChinesepaidgreatattentionto.Infact,theworld’searliestenvironmentalprotectionconcept,ministryandlawswereallborninChina.So,whatdidtheancientChinesedotoprotecttheenvironment?InearlyancientChina,environmentalprotectionwaspromotedtothepoliticallevel.Xunzi,afamousthinkerinWarringStatesPeriod,broughtuptheconceptofmanagingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection.Hestatedinhisbookthatvegetation(植被)shouldnotbedamagedatwill.GuanZhong,anofficial400yearsaheadofXunzi,wasalsoanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Duringhistermofoffice,heclaimedthat“aKingwhocannotprotecthisvegetationisnotqualifiedtobeaking”.AccordingtoarecordinQingdynasty,theenvironmentalprotectionministryinearlyancientChinawascalled“Yu”,standingbothfortheinstitutionandtheofficialtitle.Althoughmostfunctionsweresimilartosuchministriestoday,theadministrationrangeofitwasmuchlarger,includingthemountains,forests,rivers,lakesandsoon.ThenineministriesestablishedbyShun,anancientChineseking,alreadyincluded“Yu”,theenvironmentalprotectionministry.Thefirst“Yu”officialwasamancalledBoyi,whowasindeedanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.HewasacapableassistanttoDayu,anancientChinesewater-controlexpert.Heinventedwells,protectingpeople’sdrinkingwaterfrompollution.Heknewalotaboutanimalsandalsocalledforanimalprotection.EnvironmentalprotectionlawsdatedbacktotherulingperiodofDayu,whichwasmorethan4,000yearsago.Duringhisrule,heissuedaban,forbiddingpeopletocutdownwoodinMarchorcatchfishinJune,thetimewhentheyweresupposedtoboom.InSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriodalmost3,000yearsago,“environmentalprotectionlaws”appearedinitstruesenseinQin,whichwasrecordedinLawofFieldsandregardedasChina’searliestenvironmentalprotectionlaws.36.WhichstatementwouldXunziprobablyagreewith?A.Vegetationshouldn’tbedamagedatall.B.Muchattentionshouldbepaidtopeople’sdrinkingwater.C.Thekingwhofailedtoprotecttheenvironmentshouldberemoved.D.Runningacountryandenvironmentalprotectionshouldbecombined.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.TheQingdynasty. B.TheministryofYu.C.Theofficialtitle. D.Themodernministry.38.Whycouldn’tfishbecaughtinJuneduringDayu’srule?A.Fishdidn’ttastedeliciousinJune.B.ItwastoohottocatchfishinJune.C.FishhadaperiodofrapidgrowthinJune.D.Fish-catchingtimehadalreadypassedinJune.39.WhowasthefirstenvironmentalprotectionministerinancientChina?A.Shun. B.Boyi. C.Xunzi. D.GuanZhong.40.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtheAncientChineseProtecttheEnvironmentB.FamousEnvironmentalProtectionExpertsinAncientChinaC.Dayu—aGreatEnvironmentalProtectorD.MeasuresoftheWorld’sEarliestEnvironmentalProtection【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.B40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)古代對(duì)環(huán)保的重視以及各朝代政府設(shè)立環(huán)境保護(hù)部門(mén)來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Xunzi,afamousthinkerinWarringStatesPeriod,broughtuptheconceptofmanagingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection.Hestatedinhisbookthatvegetation(植被)shouldnotbedamagedatwill.(荀子是戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期著名的思想家，他提出了通過(guò)環(huán)境保護(hù)來(lái)管理國(guó)家事務(wù)的概念。他在書(shū)中指出，植被不應(yīng)被隨意破壞)”可知，荀子認(rèn)為治國(guó)應(yīng)與環(huán)保相結(jié)合，植被不應(yīng)被隨意破壞，A項(xiàng)“植被根本不應(yīng)該被破壞”太過(guò)絕對(duì)，表述有誤。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由第三段“AccordingtoarecordinQingdynasty,theenvironmentalprotectionministryinearlyancientChinawascalled“Yu”,standingbothfortheinstitutionandtheofficialtitle.Althoughmostfunctionsweresimilartosuchministriestoday,theadministrationrangeofitwasmuchlarger,includingthemountains,forests,rivers,lakesand