天津市南開區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

2/22021—2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期南開區(qū)期末考試試卷高二年級(jí)英語學(xué)科聽力注意事項(xiàng)：1.本部分聽力考試共15小題，滿分為20分?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案涂寫在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)位置上，答在試卷上的無效。2.錄音材料播放時(shí)，考生可將答案標(biāo)在試卷上；錄音材料播放完畢后，考生將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)位置上。3.轉(zhuǎn)涂答案時(shí)，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡9.15.B.￡15.19.C.￡19.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Hikeamountain.B.Stayathome.C.Gotoafootballgame.2.Howlongwillittakeforthespeakerstofindtheorchestrafromnowon?A.Fiveminutes.B.Fifteenminutes.C.Twentyminutes.3.WheredoesthemansuggesttheycelebrateJack’sbirthdayparty?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inapark.C.Athome.4.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?A.Shetookcareofhermother.B.Shewenttoseeadoctor.C.Shewentjogging.5.Whywon’tthewomanapplyforthesummerjob?A.Therearetoomanyapplicants.B.Thesalaryisnotsatisfyingenough.C.Shedoesn’thavethequalificationneeded.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）聽下面幾段材料。每材料后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段材料前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段材料讀兩遍。聽下面一段材料，回答第6至第8小題。6.WhydoesthegirlthinkUsainBoltshouldnotgettheaward?A.Becausehehasneverwontheawardbefore.B.Because4x100meterscan’tshowhisability.C.Becausechancesshouldbegiventootherathletes.7.WhatmaycontributetoMurray’swinningaccordingtotheboy?A.Havingahugenumberoffans.B.Caringaboutwomenplayers’equality.C.WinningtwoOlympicsinglestitles.8.WhichofthefollowingisTUREofLebronJames?A.Hebeathishometownbasketballteaminthefinalsin2016.B.HehasbothOlympicgoldmedalsandNBAchampionships.C.Heismoreanexcellentteamleaderthanagreatplayer.聽下面一段材料，回答第9至第11小題。9.WhatisSusan’sproblem?A.Shecan’tfindanyonetoturntoforhelp.B.Sheisworriedabouttheboardinglife.C.Shedoesn’tgetpreparedforuniversity.10.WhatisKen’ssuggestionongettingalongwithroommates?A.Tocommunicateandcompromise.B.Tohangoutandjoinsomeclubs.C.Tofollowastrictdormschedule.11.HowdoesSusanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Confused.B.Exhausted.C.Relieved.聽下面一段材料，回答第12至第15小題。12.WhopaintedthepaintingofGuernica?A.TheNazisB.PabloPicasso.C.Thespeaker.13.Whataretheelementsthatcanbefoundinthepainting?A.Abullandamanlyingontheground.B.Adeadmanandahousedestroyedinthewar.C.Alightbulbandawoundedmanonahorse.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespeaker’sinterpretationofthepainting?A.Thewarusuallybringstragicresultstopeople.B.Thepainterholdsapositiveattitudetowardswar.C.Peoplearefrightenedofthewar.15.Whatisthespeaker’sviewoftheuseofcolor?A.Ithasachievedapowerfuleffect.B.Itshouldcoverawiderrangeofcolors.C.Itistoosimpletocausedebatesamongpeople.2021—2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期南開區(qū)期末考試試卷高二年級(jí)英語學(xué)科筆試本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題：聽力和筆試）、第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，共150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘（含聽力）。第Ⅰ卷1至13頁(yè)（含聽力），第Ⅱ卷14至20頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必將答案涂寫在答題卡上，答在試卷上的答案無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。祝各位考生考試順利！第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.本卷共55小題，共95分。（含聽力）第一部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。例：Standoverthere________you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.Manycountriesaresettinganimalshelters________homelesscatsanddogscanbeprotected.A.which B.when C.where D.that【1題答案】【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：許多國(guó)家正在設(shè)立動(dòng)物收容所來保護(hù)無家可歸的貓狗。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句。先行詞animalshelters是物，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。故選C。2.Withalotofproblem________,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海)A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled【2題答案】【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：有很多問題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)正度過一段艱難的時(shí)期。本句為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選C項(xiàng)。3.AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buthegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.A.surprisingly B.typically C.eventually D.carefully【3題答案】【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初羅伯特不讓他的女兒去潛水，但最終他還是讓步了，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)自己的潛水技能非常自信。A.surprisingly令人驚訝地；B.typically典型地；C.eventually最后，終于；D.carefully認(rèn)真地。根據(jù)前文“Atfirst”可知，此處與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，C項(xiàng)“最后,終于”符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Thecityplanstomake50,000bicycles________forrenttoreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams.A.convenient B.suitable C.available D.accurate【4題答案】【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：該市計(jì)劃提供5萬輛自行車供出租，以減少污染和緩解交通堵塞。A.convenient方便的；B.suitable合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；C.available可獲得的，可用的；D.accurate精確的。根據(jù)下文“toreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams”可知，該市需要提供5萬輛自行車進(jìn)行出租，以此來減少污染和緩解交通堵塞。所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用available，短語availableforrent意為“可供出租的”。故選C項(xiàng)。5.Lisahadtohavehercarrepairedinagaragebecauseit_______seriously.A.damaged B.hadbeendamagedC.wasbeingdamaged D.haddamaged【5題答案】【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：麗莎的車損壞得很嚴(yán)重，她必須把車送到修車廠修理。根據(jù)語境，“車損壞”發(fā)生在“必須送去修理”之前，即“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，且主語it與謂語動(dòng)詞damage構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。6.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towind B.wind C.winding D.wound【6題答案】【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我抬頭向上看，注意到一條蛇正在蜿蜒向樹上爬來獲取它的早餐。分析句子可知，winditsway作賓語補(bǔ)足語，windingitsway與賓語snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。7.Thesoccerteamhasbeendoingwellthisseason，sotheywinthechampionship．A.should B.might C.would D.could【7題答案】【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意：這個(gè)賽季這支球隊(duì)表現(xiàn)很好，所以他們應(yīng)該能夠贏得冠軍。should應(yīng)該；might也許；would過去常常；could能夠；表現(xiàn)好，推測(cè)應(yīng)該獲勝，可知,故選A。8.Howarethingsgoing,Mr.White?Well,theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.what B.whereC.When D.which【8題答案】【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：——事情進(jìn)展的怎么樣，珍妮？——他們已經(jīng)開始著手處理目前的現(xiàn)狀，他們認(rèn)為這值得引起他們的注意，下文中先行詞thepresentsituation為下文定語從句的邏輯賓語，指物，故引導(dǎo)詞用which，故選D。9.Myrichexperienceasapassionateandresponsibletranslator_________meforthejobadvertisedonyourwebsite.A.equips B.qualifies C.enables D.allows【9題答案】【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我作為一名富有激情和負(fù)責(zé)任的翻譯的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)使我能夠勝任貴公司網(wǎng)站上招聘的職位。A.equips使裝備有；B.qualifies使有資格；C.enables使能夠；D.allows允許。主語為Myrichexperience，賓語為thejob，二者的關(guān)系是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)使有資格勝任工作”。故選B。10.—I’msorry,butIcan’tgototheget-togethertonight.—________?Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.A.Pardon B.Sowhat C.Howcome D.Whocares【10題答案】【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查交際用語。句意：——對(duì)不起，我不能參加今晚的聚會(huì)了。——怎么會(huì)這樣？昨天你還說要和我一起去的。A.Pardon不好意思；B.Sowhat那又怎樣；C.Howcome怎么會(huì)這樣；D.Whocares誰在乎。根據(jù)空后的“Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.(昨天你還說要和我一起去的)”可知，此處用“怎么會(huì)這樣”，表達(dá)驚訝與不解，故選C。第二節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從11~25各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)，將短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整。Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,thechoiceofan____11____shouldbemadeevenbeforechoiceofacurriculum(課程)inhighschool.____12____,mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,____13____becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheirposition.Actually,the“oneperfectjob”doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle____14____.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans____15____gettingproperhelpfromacompetentoccupationalcounselor(職業(yè)顧問)orpsychologist.Knowing____16____abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss____17____.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others____18____toapieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits____19____prestige(聲望).Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents-ortheirparentsforthem-choosetheprofessionalfield,____20____boththerelativelysmallpercentage(百分比)ofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal____21____.Theimaginedprestigeofaprofessionis____22____goodreasonforchoosingitaslife’swork.What’sworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the____23____ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious____24____tothesefields.Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewantsoutoflifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake____25____forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulbeforemakingthefinalchoice.11.A.identification B.accommodation C.entertainment D.occupation12.A.Thereby B.However C.Though D.Therefore13.A.thoroughly B.mainly C.entirely D.partly14.A.means B.job C.way D.company15.A.without B.via C.with D.through16.A.little B.more C.much D.alot17.A.chance B.purpose C.basis D.opportunity18.A.apply B.appeal C.turn D.stick19.A.imagined B.inspirational C.generous D.talented20.A.concerning B.following C.ignoring D.considering21.A.preferences B.requirements C.tendencies D.ambitions22.A.one B.any C.the D.no23A.majority B.mass C.minority D.number24.A.proposal B.suggestion C.approval D.consideration25.A.turns B.parts C.risks D.choices【11~25題答案】【答案】11.D12.B13.D14.B15.A16.A17.C18.D19.A20.C21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章闡述了選擇工作之前要深思熟慮，并且為工作做好充分準(zhǔn)備，如何選擇一份合適的工作呢？不同的人追求不同的目標(biāo)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在理想的情況下，職業(yè)的選擇應(yīng)該在高中課程選擇之前就做出。A.identification識(shí)別；B.accommodation膳宿；C.entertainment娛樂；D.occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.(大多數(shù)有價(jià)值的職業(yè)都需要某種專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。)”可知，空格處指的是“職業(yè)”選擇。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)和行業(yè)的變化，部分是為了提高自己的地位，大多數(shù)人在他們的職業(yè)生涯中會(huì)做出多種職業(yè)選擇。A.Thereby因此；B.However然而；C.Though盡管；D.Therefore因此。根據(jù)下文“mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives(大多數(shù)人在他們的職業(yè)生涯中會(huì)做出多種職業(yè)選擇)”可知，此處和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用however表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)和行業(yè)的變化，部分是為了提高自己的地位，大多數(shù)人在他們的職業(yè)生涯中會(huì)做出多種職業(yè)選擇。A.thoroughly完全地；B.mainly主要地；C.entirely完全地；D.partly部分地。根據(jù)下文“andpartlytoimprovetheirposition(部分原因是為了提高他們的地位)”可知，此處說的也是“部分”原因，與下文的partly呼應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：年輕人應(yīng)該參加廣泛而靈活的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，為某一領(lǐng)域的工作做好準(zhǔn)備，而不是僅僅為某一份工作做準(zhǔn)備。A.means方法；B.job工作；C.way方式；D.company公司、陪伴。根據(jù)上文“thatwillpreparethemforafieldofwork(這將為他們的工作做好準(zhǔn)備)”可知，此處用job表“工作”與上文呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】考查介詞辨析。句意：不幸的是，許多年輕人不得不在沒有從稱職的職業(yè)顧問或心理學(xué)家那里得到適當(dāng)幫助的情況下制定職業(yè)規(guī)劃。A.without沒有；B.via經(jīng)由；C.with隨著；D.through穿過。根據(jù)上文的“Unfortunately(不幸地)”可知，此處指年輕人“沒有”從職業(yè)顧問那里得到幫助。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)職業(yè)世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他們對(duì)自己一生的工作的選擇總是碰運(yùn)氣。A.little極少；B.more更多；C.much非常；D.alot許多。分析語境和空格前的knowing可知，此處用副詞little修飾動(dòng)詞know表示“幾乎不知道、知之甚少”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)職業(yè)世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他們對(duì)自己一生的工作的選擇總是碰運(yùn)氣。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.purpose目的；C.basis基礎(chǔ)；D.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)。分析語境，再根據(jù)前面的on可知，此處用ona……basis表示“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，所以此處用onahit-or-missbasis表示“在隨機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上、碰運(yùn)氣”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：另一些人則堅(jiān)持從事一項(xiàng)他們不滿意、不適合的工作。A.apply申請(qǐng)、運(yùn)用；B.appeal呼吁、上訴；C.turn扭轉(zhuǎn)；D.stick粘、貼。根據(jù)空格前的others和上文“Somedriftfromjobtojob.(有些人從一份工作換到另一份工作)”可知，此處用stickto表示“堅(jiān)持”從事工作，與上文的“換工作”形成對(duì)比。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤是，選擇一種職業(yè)是為了它想象中的聲望。A.imagined想象的；B.inspirational鼓舞人心的；C.generous慷慨地；D.talented有才能的。根據(jù)上文的“Onecommonmistake(一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤)”可知，此處要說明一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤，所以用imagined表示“想象中”的聲望，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他們的父母——選擇了這個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，忽視了在這個(gè)專業(yè)中相對(duì)較少的工人比例和極高的教育和個(gè)人素質(zhì)要求。A.concerning有關(guān)；B.following跟隨；C.ignoring忽略；D.considering考慮。根據(jù)上文的“Onecommonmistake(一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤)”可知，本段介紹的是關(guān)于職業(yè)選擇的一些普遍錯(cuò)誤，所以此處用ignoring表示學(xué)生或父母“忽略”了一些情況，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他們的父母——選擇了這個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，忽視了在這個(gè)專業(yè)中相對(duì)較少的工人比例和極高的教育和個(gè)人素質(zhì)要求。A.preferences偏愛；B.requirements要求；C.tendencies趨向；D.ambitions雄心。分析語境可知，此處承接上文，指忽視了在這個(gè)專業(yè)中相對(duì)較少的工人比例和極高的教育和個(gè)人素質(zhì)“要求”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查代詞和冠詞辨析。句意：想象中的職業(yè)聲望并不是選擇它作為終身職業(yè)的好理由。A.one一個(gè)；B.any任何；C.the這；D.no沒有。分析語境可知，本段主要介紹的是關(guān)于職業(yè)選擇的一些錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，所以此處指，想象中的聲望并不是一個(gè)“好理由”。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是機(jī)械和手工工作，大多數(shù)年輕人應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮這些領(lǐng)域。A.majority大多數(shù)；B.mass一群；C.minority少數(shù)；D.number數(shù)字。根據(jù)上文“Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork(因?yàn)楹艽蟊壤墓ぷ魇菣C(jī)械和手工工作)”，所以此處用majorty與后面的of搭配表“大多數(shù)”年輕人，且作主語。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是機(jī)械和手工工作，大多數(shù)年輕人應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮這些領(lǐng)域。A.proposal建議；B.suggestion建議；C.approval贊同；D.consideration考慮。分析語境可知，此處用短語giveconsiderationto表示應(yīng)該“考慮”這些領(lǐng)域，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人希望安全；另一些人愿意為了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而冒險(xiǎn)。A.turns轉(zhuǎn)彎；B.parts部分；C.risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.choices選擇。根據(jù)others和上文的“Somewantsecurity(有些人希望安全)”可知，此處表對(duì)比的意思，所以用短語takeriskfor表示“為……而冒險(xiǎn)”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。第二部分閱讀理解（共15小題；第26-35題，每小題2.5分；36-40題，每小題2分，滿分35分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。AThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.Itwasacompletelynewidea-atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.26.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A.DarwinwantedtomakeafortunebytakingthejourneyontheBeagle.B.ThemedicalschooldismissedDarwinbecauseofhisbadbehavior.C.ThecaptainoftheshipwaswillingtohelpDarwintorealizehisdream.D.HisfatherthoughtDarwinfailedtoliveuptothefamily’sexpectation.27.WhatinspiredDarwintolookformoreevidencetosupporthisidea?A.People’scommonbeliefthatallspeciesdidn’tchange.B.Hisrichknowledgeasageologistandnaturalist.C.Noticingthesimilarityofsomespeciesofanimals.D.Thelongandtiresomejourneyinhiscrowdedroom.28.Whatwasthefactorthatledtothediversityofbeaksoffinchesontheislands?A.Differentfoodavailable. B.Commonancestors.C.Changeableweather. D.Habitatsontheislands.29WhydidmoreandmorepeoplestarttoacceptDarwin’stheory?A.BecauseDarwin’bookdrewpublicattentionandcausedastorm.B.BecauseDarwin’stheoryandevidencewereconvincingenough.C.Becausetheypreferredtheevolutionfromlowerformsoflife.D.Becausetheywereshockedbythisground-breakingtheory.30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.B.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.C.Darwinspentyearstouringtheworldtopersuadepeopletoaccepthistheory.D.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumansevolvedovertime.【26~30題答案】【答案】26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，介紹了達(dá)爾文在貝格爾號(hào)的探索之旅。達(dá)爾文在旅途中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種，他注意到有些不同物種的動(dòng)物彼此間很相似，猜測(cè)“也許動(dòng)物為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境會(huì)逐漸進(jìn)化？”這一猜想激勵(lì)達(dá)爾文去尋求更多證據(jù)，并提出了“進(jìn)化論”這個(gè)全新的觀點(diǎn)，在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了這一理論，徹底地改變了人類對(duì)于地球上生命的認(rèn)識(shí)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.（并且在他剛收到父親的來信，信中預(yù)言他將會(huì)成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。）”可知，他爸爸認(rèn)為達(dá)爾文將會(huì)是全家人的恥辱，言外之意，他會(huì)辜負(fù)家人對(duì)他的期望，選項(xiàng)D符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.（他注意到，有些不同物種的動(dòng)物彼此間很相似。也許動(dòng)物為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境會(huì)逐漸進(jìn)化？雖然這只是一個(gè)設(shè)想，但足夠激勵(lì)達(dá)爾文去尋求更多證據(jù)。）”可知，達(dá)爾文注意到不同物種的動(dòng)物間的相似性，從而想去尋求更多證據(jù)，證明動(dòng)物是否會(huì)為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境而逐漸進(jìn)化。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.（達(dá)爾文注意到，在群島中的每一個(gè)小島上，雀鳥之間有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據(jù)所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進(jìn)化而來的。）”可知，導(dǎo)致雀鳥的喙不同的原因是所在島嶼上可覓得的食物不同。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.（然而達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說服力，越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。）”可知，是達(dá)爾文極有說服力的科學(xué)研究，讓越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】主旨大意題。從全文可知，達(dá)爾文在旅途中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種，他注意到有些不同物種的動(dòng)物彼此間很相似，猜測(cè)“也許動(dòng)物為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境會(huì)逐漸進(jìn)化？”這一猜想激勵(lì)達(dá)爾文去尋求更多證據(jù)，并提出了“進(jìn)化論”這個(gè)全新的觀點(diǎn)，在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了這一理論，徹底地改變了人類對(duì)于地球上生命的認(rèn)識(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“達(dá)爾文的貝格爾號(hào)之旅激發(fā)了他的進(jìn)化論”與文意相符，故選A項(xiàng)。BSittingbackinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong“SkyRailway”hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.Thewords“railwayslikemassivedragonsarewindingamongthemountains”seemparticularlyvividasItravelacrossthe“roofoftheworld”.IwasoneofthepeoplewhocamefromallpartsofChinatoworkonthisrailway.Takingyearstocomplete,theQinghai-TibetRailwayisarecordofallofoureffortstoovercomethemostdifficultengineeringchallenges.Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.ThefirstlandmarktocatchmyeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridgebuiltoverpermafrost.Look!AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.Topreventdamagetowetlandsandgrasslands,675bridgeswithatotallengthofabout160kilometerswerebuiltbetweenGolmudandLhasa.Weevenmoved140,000squaremetersofwetlandtoanewareainordertoprotectitsdistinctecosystem.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.Locatedatover5,000metersabovesealevel,thisisthehighestrailwaystationintheworld.Inlocationssuchasthis,thethinair,changeableweatherandhighlevelsofUVradiationpresentedperhapsthegreatestchallengeforrailwayworkers.Tomakesurewestayedhealthy,severaloxygen-makingstationswereconstructed.Wewerealsoabletoenjoyregularbreaksinlowerareas.AswepassCuonaLake,Ifeelasenseofprideandachievement.Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.Waterbirdsplayinginthelake,andcattleandsheepwanderingthegrasslandsbringthescenerytolife.TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople’sadmirationforcenturies.Now,thankstoourefforts,passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thesong“SkyRailway”wasplayedasbackgroundmusicinthetrain.B.Waysofprotectingthedelicateecosystemweretakenintoconsideration.C.Foreignexpertswerefrightenedtoseedragonsamongthemountains.D.Theauthorkepttherecordofsolvingthetoughestengineeringproblem.32.WhichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?A.withoutinterruption B.forentertainmentC.intheirfreetime D.withouthurrying33.Whywasa20-kmwallbuiltaccordingtoParagraph6?A.Becauseitseparatedthehabitatsofbirdsandcattle.B.Becauseittransformedconstructionwasteintosand.C.BecauseitkeptCuonalakefrombeingpolluted.D.BecauseitconnectedCuonalakeandtherailway.34.Whatistheauthorproudofattheendofthepassage?A.Theireffortstobuildtherailwayandprotecttheecosystem.B.Thathehasmadetherailwayextraordinaryfortourists.C.Passengers’admirationfortheQinghai-TibetPlateau.D.ThesplendidlandscapesalongtheSkyRailway.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovethathumanscanconquernature.B.ToadvertisethetravelroutealongtheQinghai-TibetRailway.C.Topraisetheworkers’effortsinbuildingtheQinghai-TibetRailway.D.TohighlighttheamountofworkrequiredtobuildtheQinghai-TibetRailway.【31~35題答案】【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要通過作者的一次沿青藏鐵路的旅行，介紹了青藏鐵路的設(shè)計(jì)，建設(shè)以及成就。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中最后一句“Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.（如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是人們最關(guān)心的問題之一。）”可知，在修建鐵路時(shí)，保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的問題被考慮在內(nèi)，故選擇B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.（鐵路橋下修建了三十三條野生動(dòng)物通道，讓動(dòng)物得以在自然棲息地中安全自由地通行。就像現(xiàn)在的這群藏羚羊一樣，野生動(dòng)物們使用這些通道已有數(shù)年，它們似乎完全沒有意識(shí)到我們正以每小時(shí)100多千米的速度呼嘯而過。）”可知，由于這種設(shè)計(jì)，藏羚羊在吃草時(shí)，可以不慌不忙，故選擇D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.（我們用成千上萬的沙袋沿著湖邊建了一堵20公里長(zhǎng)的墻，以保護(hù)它不受建筑垃圾的污染。）”可知，建立這堵長(zhǎng)墻的主要目的是保護(hù)措那湖不受污染，故選擇C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.（如今，由于我們的努力，來自全國(guó)各地的旅客都能親眼觀賞到這片神奇的土地。我們建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我為此感到驕傲和自豪。）”可知，作者因他們?yōu)樾藿ㄨF路和保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所做的努力而感到驕傲。故選擇A項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.（如今，由于我們的努力，來自全國(guó)各地的旅客都能親眼觀賞到這片神奇的土地。我們建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我為此感到驕傲和自豪。這真一條了不起的“天路”）”可知，本文主要是在贊美工人們?cè)谛藿ㄨF路時(shí)的辛苦努力，故選擇C項(xiàng)。CAlthoughcomputertechnologyisoftennecessarytoday,usingapenorpencilactivatesmoreareasofyourbrainthanakeyboarddoes.Youcanpotentiallyremembermorebyhandwriting,accordingtoanewstudy.Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingformemoryhavebeendebatedforsometime.Thenewstudysetouttoansweronequestion:Howdoeshandwritingcomparetousingakeyboardwhenitcomestorememberingnewinformation?Intotal24participantstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthemtowritewithapenandtheneachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.Whileperformingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes(電極)nexttotheirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors.Thosesensorsrecordedtheparticipants’brainwaves.Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andtheyshowedthatwritingturnedonmemoryareasinthebrainwhiletypingdidn’t.AudreyvanderMeer,thenewstudy’sleader,saysthissuggeststhatwhenwewritebyhand,werememberbetter.“Thisisbecausewritinginvolvescomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivitygivesthebrainmore‘hooks’tohangyourmemorieson.”sheexplains.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthatwritingbyhandisrelatedtovisualnotetaking.“Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnotetakerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbeinterlinkedbyboxes,arrowsandsmalldrawings,”sheadds.Thisstudydoesnotrecommendbanningdigitaldevices.Infact,itsauthorspointout,computersandotherdeviceswithkeyboardshavebecomenecessaryinmodernsociety.Keyboardingcanespeciallybenefitthosewithcertainspecialneeds(suchasiftheyhavetroubleusingtheirhands)andtypingbeatswritingwhenitcomestospeed,theyadd.36.Whywereparticipantsaskedtowearcapsinthestudy?A.Torecordtheirbrainwaves. B.Toinformthemoftheirtasks.C.Toallowthemtofocusonwriting. D.Toprotecttheirheadslikehairnets.37.WhatdoesAudreyvanderMeertrytoexplain?A.Whyhandwritingismorecomplexthantyping. B.Whythebrainworkswhenitcomestolearning.C.Whysmalldrawingsareconnectedtomemory. D.Whykeywordsarehelpfultovisualnotetaking.38.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?A.helpsyoutoremembermoredetails. B.remindsyoutohaveregularreviews.C.tagsyourmemoriesforfurtherrecalling. D.easesyourtensionofmemorizingthings.39.Whatisthestudy’sauthors’viewontyping?A.Itrelievespeople’sbands. B.Itremainsvitalandhelpful.C.Itisnotworthrecommending. D.Itismorechallengingthanw