專題12 閱讀理解（科普或環(huán)境保護(hù)類或健康類）-2017年中考英語(yǔ)試題分項(xiàng)版解析匯編

專題20閱讀理解（科普或環(huán)境保護(hù)類或健康類）1.【2017年內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市】閱讀短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)將正確答案序號(hào)按要求涂在答題卡指定位置。Labworkisfunbutyoumustbecareful.Listencarefullywhenyourteacherreadsandexplainstherulesbeforeyourfirstlablesson.LABRULESThroughoutthelessons*Donotenterthesciencelabwithouttheteacher'spermission(允許).*Nofoodordrinksaretobeallowedinthesciencelab.BeforetheExperiment*Readallinstructionscarefullybeforeeveryexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)).*Prepareallapparatus(儀器)andputtheminrightplacessothatyouwillnotknockthemoverwhiledoingtheexperiment.DuringtheExperiment*Ifyouareunsureofhowtouseanyapparatusorhowtooperate,askyourteacherforhelp.*Neversmellortastechemicalsunlessyourteachergivespermission.AftertheExperiment*Washallapparatusafteruseandreturnthemtotheplaceswheretheywere.*Throwwastematerialsintoproperwastebaskets.FirstAid*Reportallaccidentstoyourteacherimmediately.*Ifyouspillanychemicalsontoyourbodyorclothing,washwithplentyofwaterandreporttoyourteacher.31.【小題1】YoumustknowtheLABRULES______thefirstlablessons.A.beforeB.sinceC.duringD.after32.【小題2】Itisnecessaryforyouto______beforeeveryexperiment.A.readallinstructionscarefullyB.takeenoughfoodanddrinksC.smellchemicalsimmediatelyD.talkwithyourclassmates.33.【小題3】Ifyouarenotsureofhowtouseanyapparatus,______.A.readtherulescarefullyB.trythemagainandagainC.askyourteacherforhelpD.returnallapparatustotheplaceswheretheywere34.【小題4】Theunderlinedword“spill”means______.A.照射B.傷害C.摔下D.濺出35.【小題5】Whenyouareinthesciencelab,youmustn’t______.A.becarefulinordertopreventinjuryB.listencarefullywhenyourteacherexplainstherulesC.tastechemicalswithouttheteacher’spermissionD.throwwastematerialsintoproperwastebaskets2.【2017年山東青島】閱讀理解Ourabagthatwein.InsidethebagourbodiesaremostlyOurwaterthewaterthesea.ItAlso,theocean,wecanloseourThewindandthesuncouldOurbagofkeepsouroceanfromup.Ourskinkeepsoutsunshine.muchsunshinecanhurtus.alsokeepsoutimportantbecausekindsofdirtcanusOurskinfeelsItfeelswarmcoldtouches,andthathurtAcampfirefeelsAsnowballthrownourfacefeelscoldandhurtsus.Ahugthetouchofanotherskinonourown.OurhairaspecialkindofIthelpsuskeepoutofoureyes,earsandnose.HairalsogoodforkeepingusWhenwegoosebumps(雞皮疙瘩),ourbodyhairsstandup.Thenthehairsholdaircloseourskinathickblanket(毯子).Hairkeepstoo.Someanimalshavehairthanothers,sotheyhaveabetterblanketforcoldOurnails(指甲)areanotherspecialskinwhicharehard.Theyhelpkeepourfromgettinghurt.Ournailsasstrongasthenailsthatanimalshave.Buttheyaregoodforupcoins.【小題1】Ourabagfullof【小題2】Ourkeepsoutdirtandsunshine.【小題3】Ourhelpsusfeeltouchorhurtothers.【小題4】Ourhairhelpsprotectoureyes,earsandnose.【小題5】Ournailsareweakerthanthenailsthatanimalshavebutcankeepoursafe.3.【2017年山東泰安】閱讀理解Youdon’tneedtogetinatime-travellingmachinetoseehowtechnologywillchangeourlives,suchasthewayweshop.Severalnewtechnologiesthataretochangeyourbuyinghabitsalreadyappear.Let’sseewhat’sinstoreforyourfutureshopping.Tryiton,virtually（虛擬地）.Wanttoshoponlineforanewpairofglasses?Youdon’tneedtoguesswhichpairlooksbestonyou—usetheeBayFashioniPhoneapptotryapairofglassesyou’recheckingoutonapictureofyourface.Butwhataboutbuyingsomethingbigger?ThankstoMicrosoftKinect’sactiontracking（跟蹤）camera,youcancoverclothesonyourscreenbody.Youcanevenchoosethebackgroundofyourvirtualfittingroomtoimproveyourshoppingexperience.Getaperfect,customfit.Everyone’sbodyisshapeddifferently.Togetaperfectfit,yousometimeshavetogetyourclotheschanged.Butbyusing3Dscanningtechnology,alltheclothesyoubuywillfityourbodyperfectly.Somecompaniesscan（掃描）yourbodyusingHigh-techtogettherealsizes,sotheycanmakespecialclothesjustforyou.High-techshoppingcarts（推車）andcheckoutcounters（收銀臺(tái)）.High-techshoppingcartscouldbecommoninmallsandsupermarketsinthefuture.MicrosoftKinect-enabledcartsareundertest.Thecartcanfollowyoualongtheaisles（通道）,controlledonlybyyourmovementandyourvoice.IntheUnitedStates,severalsupermarketsuseacertainsetcalled“ScanIt”thatgivesbuyersthefreedomtoscanproductsontheirownwhiletheyshop.Ifwedon’twanttowaitinlinebeforethecheckoutcounters,wecanuseToshiba’snewobjectRecognitionScanner.Themachineidentifies（辨認(rèn)）aproductassoonasit’splacedinfrontofacamerajustbyitsshapeandcolor,evenifithasnobarcode.57.【小題1】AccordingtoParagraph2,theeBayFashioniPhoneappcan______.A.onlymakepicturesofourfacesB.helpussellmoreclothesonlineC.createusavirtualdressingroomD.choosesuitableglassesforus58.【小題2】Whichofthefollowingcanhelpgetthecorrectshapeofourbody?A.ObjectRecognitionScanner.B.TheeBayFashioniPhoneapp.C.3Dscanningtechnology.D.MicrosoftKinect-enabledcarts.59.【小題3】Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Checkoutcounterswilldisappearfromsupermarketsinfuture.B.High-techshoppingcartswillbewidelyusedinmallsandsupermarketsC.“ScanIt”cannotbeusedbybuyersthemselves.D.Thenewtechnologiesareonlydreamsthatareimpossibletocometrue.60.【小題4】Thispassagemainlytalksabout______.A.anewtime-travellingmachineB.theinfluenceofnewtechnologyC.someinventionstochangehabitsD.thewaysforfutureshopping4.【2017年四川成都】閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。Animalsgrowupindifferentways.Somenewbornanimalsarehelplessbuttheirmothersprotectthem.Anewbornkangarooisverysmall.Itisonlyafewcentimeterslong.Itclosesitseyesanddoesn'thavehair.Itstayssafeinitsmother'spouch（育兒袋）foralongtime.Anewbornmonkeycannotwalk,Itsmothercarriesiteverywhere.Otherbabyanimalscanwalksoonafterthey'reborn.Theylearntorunwiththeirmotherswhendangerisnear.Abayzebracanrun,anhourafteritisborn.Somebabyanimalsareborninaplacethatissafe.Babywolvesareusuallyborninbigholeswithlittlelight.Otherbabyanimalsarebornintheopen.Ababyelephantisoftenbornontheopenland.Animalsthatdrinktheirmothers'milkarecalledmammals.Amotherbear'smilkisrich.Babybearshavemilkforafewmonths.Thisisthesamewithbabyzebras.Asbabyanimalsgrow,theyneedsolid（固體的）food.Babylionseatwhattheirmothercancatch!71.【小題1】Accordingtothepassage,manynewbornanimalsneedtheirmothers'helpbecausethebabiescan't_______.A.lookafterthemselvesB.eatanyfoodC.walkbythemselves72.【小題2】Anewbornmonkey'smothercarriesiteverywherebecause______.A.itisverysmallB.itcan'twalkC.itclosesitseyes73.【小題3】Babywolvesareusuallybornina(an)______place.A.openB.brightC.safe74.【小題4】Newbornmammals'mainfoodis________.A.mother'smilkB.solidfoodC.smalleranimals75.【小題5】Howmanykindsofbabyanimalsarementionedinthispassage?A.SixB.SevenC.Eight5.【2017年浙江金華】閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Almostallanimalsneedtosleeptostayhealthy.Butsleepingcanalsobedangerousbecauseotheranimalsmayhurtthosewhoaresleeping.Thisleadstomanydifferentwaysofsleepingthathelpthemstaysafe.Someofthesewaysmaysurpriseyou!Almostallbatssleepupsidedown.Theyhangfromabranchofatreeortheceilingofacave.Uphigh,batsaresafefrommostotheranimals.Iftheyareindanger,theyjustflyaway.Adolphinsleepswithjusthalfitsbrainatatime.Itmuststayawaketobreatheandtowatchfordanger.Dolphinmothersandbabiescangowithoutsleepforaslongastwomonthstostaysafe.Someduckssleepwithjusthalftheirbrains,too.Theseducksoftensleepinaline.Theducksatbothendshelptokeepthegroupsafe.Theykeeponeeyeopentowatchfordanger.Theducksinthemiddlesleepdeeplywithbotheyesclosed.Sealsbreatheair,butthatdoesn’tstopsomeofthemfromsleepingunderwater.Theyholdtheirbreathanddivedeeptosleepforuptotwentyminutesatatime.Sleepingdeepunderwaterhelpsthesesealsstaysafefromanimalsthathuntthemnearthesurface.Horsesoftensleepstandingup.Theirlegslockinplacesotheydon’tfallover.Ifahorseislyingdown,itneedsalongtimetogetup.Ahorsecanrunfromdangermorequicklyifitisalreadystanding.Aflamingocansleepwhilestandingononeleg.Thestandingleglockssoitstaysstraight.Theotherlegremainsclosetotheflamingo’sbody.Itsheadrestsonitsback.Aflamingolives(andsleeps)nearmanyotherbirdstostaysafe.Someseabirdscansleepwhiletheyfly.Theselargebirdsspendmostoftheirlivesovertheocean.Theyareindangeronthewater,buttheyaresafeintheair.Theyflyformanyhourswithoutflapping（拍打）theirwings.Sometimestheysleepwhiletheyareflying.Wouldyouliketosleephowtheysleep?38.【小題1】Theanimalsthatsleepwithhalftheirbrainsare_______.A.ducksandsealsB.dolphinsandducksC.batsanddolphinsD.flamingosandseabirds39.【小題2】Horsesoftenstandupwhentheysleepbecause_______.A.theycanrunfromdangerquicklyB.theyareafraidoffallingoverC.thishelpsthemtosleepdeeplyD.ittakesthemalongtimetogotosleep40.【小題3】Theunderlinedword“hunt”inParagraph5probablymeans_______.A.offertohelpB.cometoteachC.refusetoprotectD.wanttokill41.【小題4】Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowanimalssleepB.SleeptostayhealthyC.SleepasanimalsdoD.Whatsleepinganimalsarelike6.【2017年浙江麗水】閱讀理解。閱讀下列材料,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng).Thinkofasimpleobject—apieceofchalk,forexample.Areyourememberingitsname,itsshape,itscolororitssize?Areyourememberingwhatitisusedfor,orthesounditmakeswhentheteacherwritesontheblackboard?Scientistssaythatmemoryincludesdifferentpartsofthebrain,suchaslanguageandtheabilityofsense.Theybelievethatyoubegintocreateamemorywhenyounoticesomethingyou’reyoursenses.Thenmessagesaresenttodifferentbraincells,whichjointogethertoformconnections.Anewconnectiongoesintoyourshort—termmemory.Itisstoredthereforabout30seconds,andthenitiseitherlostorstoredinyourlong—termmemory.Havingagoodmemorymeansmakinglotsofconnectionsandstoringtheminyourlong—termmemory.Todothis,youneedtokeepyourbrainingoodshape.Eatplentyofbrainfoodsuchasfishoil,fruitandvegetables.Laughteralsomakesyourbrainmoreactive.Also,don’tforgettoexercise.Sodosomesportsorjustmovearoundalotinthehouse.Finally,getplentyofsleep.Thiswillmakeyourmemoriesgrowstronger.Whenyouwanttoremembernewinformation,youmustpayspecialattention.Useyoursenses--sight,smell,hearingandtouch-andkeeprepeatingtheinformation.Todowellinyourexamsthisyear,turnofftheTV,silenceyourmobile,andreviewyourworkregularly.Toremembersomethingspecial,useyourimaginationtocreatevisual(視覺的)connections.Forexample,youneedtotakeapencil,aneraser,yourIDcardandchipstoyournextexam.ImaginetheIDcardasthebodyofananimal,thepencilitslongneck,andtheeraseritshead.Youranimalishungry,sonowimagineiteatingabagofchips.Itmaysoundcrazy,butitsfunanditworks.Anotherwayistodosomethingdifferenttoyourroom.Turnapictureupside-down,ortieasockaroundthedoorhandletoremind(提醒)yourselfofsomethingtoremember!38.【小題1】Atthebeginning,thewritergivesanexampleto_________.A.leadinthetopicofthearticleB.showtheimportanceofchalkC.letreadersrememberthewordD.makereadersknowhisfavorite39.【小題2】HowmanywaysarementionedtohaveagoodmemoryinParagraph2?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.40.【小題3】Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis___________.A.howtodowellinexamsB.howtoremembernewinformationC.whytoreviewyourworkD.whattoeattomakememoriesstronger41.【小題4】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Memoryhasnothingtodowithlanguages.B.Laughtercanhelptoimproveourmemory.C.Apictureofeatingchipsisthemostuseful.D.Ourbrainisdifficulttokeepingoodshape.7.【2017年浙江紹興】閱讀理解。閱讀下面材料，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。Haveyoueverseenacarwithoutadriver?Itsoundscrazy,butthesecomputer-drivendriverlesscarswillsoonbefillingroadsnearyou.CompanieslikeGoogleandTeslahavebeendesigningandtestingthesecars,andthetechnologyisthere.Sohow?Thecarshavesensors（感應(yīng)器）allaroundwhichcanfindothercarsandobjectsintheroad.Roadsignsarereadbycameras,andsatellitenavigationsystems（衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)）areusedsothecarknowshowtogetwhereyouwanttogo.Allyouhavetodoistypeintheaddress!Finally,acentralcomputersystemtakesinalltheinformationthatitreceivesfromthesensorsandcamerasandworksoutwhentospeedup,stopandturn.Soundlikeyourideaofheaven（天堂）?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmorreadingabookwhile‘driving’wouldbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Youwouldn’thavetoworryaboutrememberingdirectionstowhereyou’regoing.Inaddition,computerswouldalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople—theywouldobeytherulesandhavequickeractiontimeswhenindangeroussituations.However,therearemanydrawbacksofdriverlesscars.Computerswouldhavedifficultiesmakingethical（道德的）decisions:ifachildranintotheroad,wouldthecomputerchoosetohitthechildorturnsuddenlyandpotentiallykillthecar’spassengers?Moreover,Ipersonallyfinddrivingfun–I’dmissneverdrivingacarmyself.Therewouldalsobemanyotherdecisionstobemade–shouldchildren,ordrunkpeople,beallowedinadriverlesscarbythemselves?Orwouldthereneedtobeapersonwithadrivinglicenseinthecaratalltimes?I’mnotcertainI’dwantadriverlesscar–butit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethey’llbecomemoreaffordableandpopularonourroads.42.【小題1】Whenusingadriverlesscar,youneedonly.A.readtheroadsignscarefullyB.checkthecamerasC.puttheaddressintothecomputerD.rememberthedirections43.【小題2】Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusabouttheofdriverlesscars.A.instructionsB.standardsC.advantagesD.tests44.【小題3】Theunderlinedword“potentially”inParagraph4means““.A.possiblyB.successfullyC.especiallyD.naturally45.【小題4】What’sthewriter’sopinionaboutfuturedriverlesscars?A.They’llcausemoreaccidents.B.They’llbelessexpensive.C.They’lluselessenergy.D.They’llrunmuchfaster.8.【2017年貴州安順】Manyofusdon'tpaymuchattentiontotheuuportanceofeyecare.Itissaidthatifyoutakecareofyourbody,thenyoucansurelybehealthy.Thatiswhyoureyesshouldbegivenalotofcare.Naturaleyecareshouldbeputinanumberoneplace.Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood,genes(基因)andaging(老化).Televisions,coruputersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouworkinfrontofthecomputer,itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromultravioletrays.Eatinghealthyfoodswilldogoodtoyoureyesight.RememberthatvitaminsA,CandEaregoodforeyes.Trytoeatfoodgroupsthathavethesevitamins.Andyoushoulddoeyeexercisesbecauseexerciseprotectsyoureyesight,too.Ifapersonexercisesregularly(定期地)andeatstherightkindoffood,hiseyeswillstayingoodconditionforalongtime.Allabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes.Beinghappyallthetimecanbehelpfultoaperson'seyesight,too.Inaword,eyecareisveryimportant,nomatterhowoldapersonis.71.【小題1】isthemostimportantwaytoprotectoureyes.A.NaturaleyecareB.TakingmedicineC.SeeingthedoctorD.Beinghappyallthetime72.【小題2】Allthefollowingcausescanleadtobadeyesightexcept___________.A.ageB.heightC.readingD.computers73.【小題3】Whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetoworkinfrontofthecomputer?A.Eathealthyfoods.B.Cleantheeyesbyusingcoldwater.C.Wearapairofsunglasses.D.Havearestafterworkingforawhile.74.【小題4】Whatdotheunderlinedwords"ultravioletrays"mean?A.沙塵B.閃電C.紫外線D.超聲波75.【小題5】Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.WaysofEyeCareB.WaysofEyeExercisesC.WaysofBeingHappyD.WaysofBeingHealthy9.【2017年黑龍江哈爾濱】Therearemanykindsofamazinganimalsintheworld．Haveyoueverwatchedoneofthem﹣Canadageese（雁）？Theycanteachusalessonaboutteamwork（合作）．Inautumn，CanadageesehavetoflytothewarmsouthtogetawayfromCanada'coldwinter．Whentheyleavethegroundandriseintotheair，theyflyinnoorder．ThentheyquicklyformaVshape，withonebirdleadingthegroup．TheVshapeallowsCanadageesetosaveenergy．Theheadbirdmovesitswings（翅膀）upanddown．Theresulting（產(chǎn)生的）forceoftheairhelpliftthenextbird．Eachbirdwilldosountiltheygettothesouthernpart．Thebirdattheheadofthegrouphasthehardestjob．Whenitgetstired，anotherbirdmovestothefrontandtakesitsplace（代替它）．Bysharingthisjob，thegroupcantravelgreatdistances．CanadageeseflyinginaVshapecanflyseventypercentfartherwithouthavingarestthanthebirdsflyingalone．Duringthelongflyingjourney，Canadageesecommunicatewithoneanother，Theyhonk（鳴叫）toencouragethebirdsupfronttokeepupthespeed．Theyalsocheeroneanotherupwhileworkingtowardthesamedestination．WhathavewelearnedfromthelovelyCanadageese'sexperienceandskills？Worktogether!Whetherinourpersonallivesorourjobs，weneedthespiritofteamwork!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正、誤．（注意：考生將答題卡相應(yīng)位置涂黑．正確的涂"A"，錯(cuò)誤的涂"B"）41．【小題1】BecauseofCanada'scoldwinter，Canadageesehavetoflytothewarmsouthinautumn．42．【小題2】Whentheheardbirdgetstired，anotherbirdmovestothefrontandbecomesannewheadbird．43．【小題3】CanadageeseflyinginaVshapecanflyseventeenpercentfartherwithouthavingarestthanthebirdsflyingalone．44．【小題4】Duringthelongflyingjourney，Canadageesehardlycheeroneanotherupwhileworkingtowardthesamedestination．45．【小題5】Fromthepassage，we'velearnedthatthespiritofteamworkisimportanttous．10.【2017年黑龍江哈爾濱】Drugscomeindifferentforms．However，canyouimaginethatdrugscomeinchickeneggs？AteamofscientistsfromEnglandprovethatitcancometrue．Theyhavedevelopedspecialchickensthatlayeggswithdrugsinside．Thesespecialdrugscanhelptreatsomekindsofdiseases．Untilnow，theyhavemadetwokindsofdrugs．Onedrugcantreatskincancerandtheothercantreatanervedisease（神經(jīng)性疾?。瓹ertaindrugsareproducedbythespecialchickensinsidetheireggwhites．Thesedrugsaremadeofproteins（蛋白質(zhì)）whichcanbefoundinanimals'skin，hair，milkandmeat．ThescientistsalsouseDNAtechnologytomakesurethatthedrugsareonlyinsidetheeggwhites．Inthisway，thechickenscanstayhealthy．Besideseggwhites，drugsmadeofproteinscomeinmilkofcowsandsheep．Comparedwithcowsandsheep，thespecialchickenshaveascendancyoverthem．First，theyarecheapertoraise．Second，theyneedlessroomandgrowfaster．Thesespecialchickencanpassontheirdrug﹣producingabilitytotheirchildren．Sofar，fivegenerations（代）ofthespecialchickenshaveappeared．Butscientistsmayneedmoretimetomakethedrugsperfect．It'ssaidthatscientistswillrealizetheirdreaminfivetotenyears．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案．46．【小題1】Theunderlinedword"ascendancy"inthepassagemeans""inChinese．A．情況B．優(yōu)勢(shì)C．劣勢(shì)47．【小題2】Accordingtothepassage，thespecialdrugsare．A．pillsthatcantreatallcancersB．justthescientists'imaginationC．madeofproteins48．【小題3】Accordingtothepassage，thespecialchickens．A．needlessroomandgrowfasterB．weredevelopedbyscientistsfromFranceC．producecertaindrugsoutsidetheeggs49．【小題4】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．ThescientistsneveruseDNAtechnologytokeepthespecialchickenshealthy．B．Itmaytakescientistsmoretimetomakethedrugsperfect．C．Untilnow，scientistshavemadethreekindsofdrugs．50．【小題5】Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A．It'smainlyaboutaseriousdisease．B．It'smainlyaboutanaturalabilityofthespecialchickens．C．It'smainlyaboutthespecialdrugs．11.【2017江蘇南京】Justlikeacarengineneedspetrol(汽油),yourbodyneedsfuel(燃料;養(yǎng)料).Itneedsfood!Thethingsyoueatanddrinkareturnedintoenergy.Youneedenergyforeverything—playing,walking,running,thinking—evensleeping.Feelinghungrymaymeanyouarerunninglowonenergy.Ifitisnotmealtime,youmayneedasnacktore-fuel.Butwhatsortofsnackshouldyoueat?Thisislikechoosingtherightfuelforacar.S