武漢大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷23

武漢大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷23

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Accordingtoacrosstherelevantresearchcommunity,thepublishedattack

representsanextremepositioninitsdemandsforproof.

A、soundings

B>echoes

C、sonarsystems

D、reflections

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：soundings聲響，意見(jiàn)調(diào)查；echoes回聲，

反響：sonarsystems聲吶系統(tǒng)；reflections反射，見(jiàn)解?？崭裉幩谖淖值囊馑?/p>

是：根據(jù)相關(guān)研究團(tuán)體的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)句子意思推出正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2、Everyonewhohasvisitedthecityagreesthatitiswithlife.

A^vibrant

B、violent

C^energetic

D、full

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：vibram表示“有活力的，生機(jī)勃勃的”，其后常與介詞wilh連用，

如：anationvibrantwithenthusiasm（有熱情的民族）cfull需要與of搭配。

3、Thepriestmadetheofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.

A、mark

B、signal

C、sign

D、gesture

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)詞中,只有sign可與“cross（十字）“搭配，$11：toconsecratewith

thesignofthecross（畫(huà)十字祝福）。

4-.Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistsseemedtohim,butonedayhe

discoveredtheirdifference.

A、identical

vertical

C>parallel

D、specific

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別是：identical相同的,同一的,同樣的；vertical

垂直的,直立的；parallel平行的，類(lèi)似的，并列的；specific明確的,具體的,特

定的。本題應(yīng)選后面跟I。的形容詞，A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以，bul暗示了空格處填的是

后面difference的反義詞。句意：野生動(dòng)物技師和生物學(xué)家的工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)曾經(jīng)是

一樣的，但有一天他發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們之間的差別。

5、Theamongsttheworld'sscientistsisthattheworldislikelytowarmupover

thenextfewdecades.

A、censure

B>consensus

C、census

D、censor

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

6、Somelinguistsbelievethattheageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5

to8.

A、optimistic

optional

C、optimal

D、oppressed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)：“optimal最佳的”符合句意。其他三項(xiàng)中，“A選項(xiàng)：

optimistic樂(lè)觀的,B選項(xiàng)：optional可選擇的,隨意的，D選項(xiàng):oppressed受壓抑

的''都與句意不符，本句的意思是“一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為孩子學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的最佳年齡是

5—8歲”。

7、Whenbotheredbyotheranimalsorhumans,somespeciesofhornedlizardswill

posturethreateninglyandsquirtbloodfromtheireyes.

A^fiercely

B>distrustfully

C、menacingly

D、impudently

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：threateningly脅迫地，恐嚇地。menacingly威脅地,脅迫的。fiercely

猛烈地,厲害地。distrustfully不信任地。impudently粗魯?shù)?放肆地。

8、Thesenotes,whicharerelevanttointernationalstudents,areintendedtosupplement

informationgivenintheGuideandshouldbereadtheappropriatesectionson

accommodation,applications,entrancerequirements,etc.

A、incomparisonwith

B、inconjunctionwith

C、inconflictwith

D^incontrastwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

9、Theterm"NewAustralians'*cameintovogueinthe50sand60s,whichimpliedthat

thegoalofimmigrationwasassimilationandthatmigrantswouldplacetheirnew-found

Australianidentityaheadofthecontextfromwhichtheyhadcome.

A、athletic

B、eth沁

C、aesthetic

D、ethnic

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:ethnic人種的,種族的；athletic運(yùn)動(dòng)的;ethic道德規(guī)范,倫理;

aesthetic美學(xué)的,審美的。

10、Theyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfanintheoffice

tomorrow.

A、install

toinstall

C>tobeinstalled

D、installed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“havesb.dosth.”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

II、Ispentthewholedayyesterdayrearrangingmybookstheirsubjectsand

frequencyofuse.

A^asregards

B、asagainst

C、asof

D、asfrom

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)按照科目和使用的頻率。A項(xiàng)asregards“按照”符合

題意。其他三項(xiàng)asagainst”與...對(duì)照，相比“；aso儼從...開(kāi)始“；“asfrom

從……開(kāi)始”都不正確。

12^Theoldmanwasremarkably.Hewasamusician,engineer,writerand

philosopher.

A、unilateral

B、universal

C、audacious

D、versatile

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:unilateral單邊的;universal普遍的;audacious大膽創(chuàng)新的,魯莽

的；versatile多才多藝的。

13>Oncethecontradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

A、principle

B、principal

C、potential

D、primitive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

14、Somegoodluckbroughtusnothingbuttrouble.

A^seemingly

BNsatisfactorily

C、uniformly

D、universally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、Thehousesinthisareawereallerectedinofhousingregulations.

A、compliance

defiance

C^alliance

D、obedience

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：這一地區(qū)的房子都是按照建房規(guī)定建蓋的。obedience服從，

順從；inobedienceof遵守,依照;compliance依從，incomplianceof符合,依

據(jù)；defiance挑釁，蔑視;alliance聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合。

16、Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,trafficdelays.

A、acknowledging

B、affording

C^allowingfor

D、accountingfbr

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：allowfor是習(xí)慣用法，表示“考慮，顧及”，其余幾項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

17、Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk

aroundonetopic.

A^coherently

B、initiativcly

C>flexibly

D、pointedly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

18、Their—thattheirprojectunderwaywassomethingentirelynewprovedto

beuntrue.

A、repetition

B、assumption

C^impression

D、comparison

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：assumption假定;想當(dāng)然。repetition重復(fù)；循環(huán);復(fù)制品。

impression印象壓痕。comparison比較，對(duì)照。

19、Thereisanundesirablenowadaystomakefilmsshowingviolence.

A、direction

B、tradition

C、phenomenon

D、trend

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（rend傾向，發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；（rend后常接不定式定語(yǔ)，但phenomenon,

tradition及direction一般不用不定式作定語(yǔ)。題目空格后有不定式，根據(jù)這一提

示，我們可以判斷正確答案是D。direction方向；tradition傳統(tǒng);phenomenon客觀

存在的情況或現(xiàn)象。句意：現(xiàn)在有一種不良傾向：拍攝暴力電影。

20、Thefootballmatchwasbecauseofthesnow.

A、calledoff

B、putaway

C、setaside

D、countedon

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

21、Inordertostimulatethedomesticeconomy,thegovernmenthastoreduce

imports.

A、pledged

resorted

C、suggested

D、hesitated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：resortto求助、訴諸于，采?。籶ledge發(fā)誓，保證；suggest建議；

hesitate猶豫。

22、Hewouldn'tanswerthereporters'questions,norwouldhefbraphotograph.

A^pose

B、summon

C、marshal

D、highlight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：pose擺姿勢(shì)，做姿態(tài)；summon（上級(jí)、法庭）叫某人到跟前來(lái)；

marshal禮貌周到地引領(lǐng)某人;highlight使…顯著。句意:他不愿回答記者的問(wèn)

題，也不愿擺姿勢(shì)拍照。

23、Yourwishtogofbrawalkdoesnotyourleavingthebabyaloneinthe

house.

A、rectify

B>notify

C、signify

D、justify

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（justify證明……為正當(dāng)）。句意為：你想出去散步并不能證明你可以

把孩子一個(gè)人留在家里。A.rectify糾正；B.notify通知；C.signify表明，意

味。

24、Nixonwasamanoflimitedmeans,andwhenhewonhisSenateseat,agroupof

businessmenhadpubliclysolicitedfundstoenablehimtokeepintouchwiththevoters

inhishomestate.

A、donated.

B、reserved

C>enlarged

D、sought

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：這句話的意思是：尼克松是一個(gè)手段有限的人。他當(dāng)選參議員的時(shí)

候，一群商人曾公開(kāi)——資金，以便他能夠與家鄉(xiāng)的選民保持聯(lián)系。在給出的選項(xiàng)

中，只有D項(xiàng)能夠替換劃線部分的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾資金一詞，因此正確答案是D。

25、AlthoughDarwinismwasaprofoundlyworldview,itwasessentially

passive,sinceitprescribednostepstobetaken,novictoriesovernaturetobecelebrated,

noprogramoftriumphstobesuccessivelygained.

A、limited

B、debatable

C、innovative

D、paradoxical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（innovalive富有革新精神的）。句意為：盡管達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說(shuō)代表深刻

而富有創(chuàng)新精神的世界觀，但它基本上是被動(dòng)的，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有提出要采取的步驟，

沒(méi)有提出如何征服值得贊美的大自然，沒(méi)有提出連續(xù)取得勝利的計(jì)劃。A.limited

有限的；B.debatable可爭(zhēng)辯的；D.paradoxical似非而是的。

26、Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,orwriting,whileothersatartor

basketball?

A、work

gaze

C^aim

D、excel

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的后半句是說(shuō)而其他人在藝術(shù)或籃球方向勝過(guò)他人。D項(xiàng)“excel

優(yōu)秀，勝過(guò)他人”符合題意。如：Fransisexcelsasalong-dislancerunner.（弗朗西斯

是個(gè)出色的長(zhǎng)跑選手。）其他三項(xiàng)“work工作：gaze凝視；aim瞄準(zhǔn)”都不正確。

27>TheattackonFortSumternearCharlestonasharpresponsefromtheNorth,

whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

A、intenton

provoked

C、elated

D、pruned

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：B項(xiàng)“provoked挑撥，激怒”符合題意，如：Heclaimedthatitwasher

rudenessthatprovokedhimtostrikeher.（他聲稱(chēng)是她的無(wú)禮惹得他打了她）。其他三

項(xiàng)“A項(xiàng)intenton專(zhuān)心于;C項(xiàng)elated使得意：D項(xiàng)pruned剪除”都不正確。本題空

格處是說(shuō)激起北方強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

28、Thecomputercanstoredinformationinamatterofminutes.

A^retrieve

B>reassure

C、release

D、revive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（relrieve重新獲得，檢索）。句意為：計(jì)算機(jī)大約幾分鐘就能檢索到已

儲(chǔ)存的信息。B.reassure使放心：C.release釋放，發(fā)行（書(shū)，影片等）；D.revive

使復(fù)活，使再生。

29、Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）donationfromabenefactor.

A、handsome

B、awesome

C、miserly

D、prodigal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，handsome意為“英俊的，大方的“；awesome意

為“令人敬畏的，可怕的，有威嚴(yán)的"；miserly意為，吝嗇的，貪婪的"；prodigal意

為“極浪費(fèi)的，豐富的，十分慷慨的”。句意是，令我們高興的是，昨天我們從一位

捐助者那里收到了大量的捐贈(zèng)物。所以正確答案是D項(xiàng)。如Thecountryhasbeen

prodigalofitsforests（這個(gè)國(guó)家的森林正受過(guò)度的采伐）。

30、Thesoldierwasofrunningawaywhentheenemyapproached.

A、scolded

charged

C、accused

D、punished

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是C。C項(xiàng)的意思是：accus?控告，譴責(zé)。beaccusedof被

指控。其他各項(xiàng)的意思是：scold責(zé)罵，申斥，斥責(zé)；charge裝滿，控訴；punish

懲罰，處罰。

二、閱讀理解（本題共/27題，每題/.0分，共/27

分。）

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer-governmentor

private--shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenand

men.Howeverifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeof

discriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthe

degreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeof

employer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikely

thatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Theresultsofastudyby

Fuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs'sresultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninan

industrycomposedofgovernmentemployeeswouldby14.6percentgreaterthanthe

earningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,other

thingsbeingequal.Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectof

discriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreater

thantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsof

womenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownmadeanexperiment.Hisresults

suggestthatmenandwomenarcnottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.For

men,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,

andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.OnecaninferfromBrown's

resultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-

employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmay

encounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.Brown'sresults

donotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,

demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnot

havingasmucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.(302

words)

31、Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段敘說(shuō)的是政府和私營(yíng)雇主在工資給予方而都存在性別歧

視.只是程度有所不同。第二、三段講的是女性老板也會(huì)遭受到顧客、供直商等的

歧視.從另外一個(gè)方面敘說(shuō)在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)里女性的劣勢(shì)D較好地概括了這些方面。

32、Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomen

mayencounterEXCEPT.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：只有D項(xiàng)文章來(lái)提到.

33、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第一段第四句。

34、AccordingtoBrownsstudy,whatearningscategoriesdowomenhave,fromhighest

tolowest?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段第四句Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearnings

category,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowesto女性相反，女性的

收入高低次序應(yīng)該是政府雇傭金最高，其次是私人雇傭金.最少是自主謀業(yè)者。

35、Whatistheauthor'sintentiontowritethisarticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一句后半部分用的是否定意義的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.表明政府和私營(yíng)老飯存

在歧視婦女的現(xiàn)象，所以我們以為作者寫(xiě)作的意圖是反對(duì)歧視婦女。

Despitetheirmanydifferencesoftemperamentandofliteraryperspective,Emerson,

Thoreau,Hawthorne,Melville,andWhitmansharecertainbeliefs.Commontoallthese

writersistheirhumanisticperspective.Itsbasicpremisesarethathumansarethespiritual

centeroftheuniverseandthatinthemaloneisthecluetonature,history,andultimately

thecosmositself.Withoutdenyingoutrighttheexistenceeitherofadeityorofbrute

matter,thisperspectiveneverthelessrejectsthemasexclusiveprinciplesofinterpretation

andpreferstoexplainhumansandtheworldintermsofhumanityitself.Thispreference

isexpressedmostclearlyinthetranscendentalistprinciplethatthestructureofthe

universeliterallyduplicatesthestructureoftheindividualself;therefore,allknowledge

beginswithself-knowledge.Thiscommonperspectiveisalmostalwaysuniversalized.Its

emphasisisnotupontheindividualasaparticularEuropeanorAmerican,butuponthe

humanasuniversal,freedfromtheaccidentsoftime,space,birth,andtalent.Thus,for

Emerson,the"AmericanScholar"turnsouttobesimply"ManThinking;"while,for

Whitman,the"SongofMyselfmergesimperceptiblyintoasongofallthe"childrenof

Adam,"where"everyatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou".Alsocommontoall

thefivewritersisthebeliefthatindividualvirtueandhappinessdependuponself-

realization,which,inturn,dependsupontheharmoniousreconciliationoftwouniversal

psychologicaltendencies;first,theself-assertingimpulseoftheindividualtowithdraw,

toremainuniqueandseparate,andtoberesponsibleonlytohimselforherselfand

second,theself-transcendingimpulseoftheindividualtoembracethewholeworldinthe

experienceofasinglemomentandtoknowandbecomeonewiththatworld.These

conflictingimpulsescanbeseeninthedemocraticethic.Democracyadvocates

individualism,thepreservationoftheindividual'sfreedomandself-expression.Butthe

democraticselfistornbetweenthedutytoself,whichisimpliedbytheconceptof

liberty,andthedutytosociety,whichisimpliedbytheconceptsofequalityand

fraternity,Athirdassumptioncommontothefivewritersisthatintuitionandimagination

offerasurerroadtotruththandoesabstractlogicorscientificmethod.Itisillustratedby

theiremphasisuponintrospection—theirbeliefthatthecluetoexternalnatureistobe

foundintheinnerworldofindividualpsychology—andbytheirinterpretationof

experienceas,inessence,symbolic.Boththesestressespresumeanorganicrelationship

betweenthesellandthecosmosofwhichonlyintuitionandimaginationcanproperly

takeaccount.Thesewriters'faithintheimaginationandinthemselvesaspractitionersof

imaginationledthemtoconceiveofthewriterasaseerandenabledthemtoachieve

supremeconfidenceintheirownmoralandmetaphysicalinsights.(464words)

36、Themainideaofthispassageisthediscussionon.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第一段第一句，它點(diǎn)出了主題。

37、WhichstatementofihefollowingisNOTtrueintermsofhumanisticperspective?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A、B和C的內(nèi)容在第一段都有，符合人文主義的觀點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在他

們各自早已出名了。

38、Whatdoesthesecondparagraphintendtoconvey?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：universal是“全球性的”之意，等同于C項(xiàng)中的anywhere。

39、Thethirdparagraphtellsusthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段講的是個(gè)人道德與幸福在于“自我肯定''和"自我超越”的相結(jié)

合，即處理好“為我”和“為他”之間的關(guān)系。

40、Thereasonofthefivewritersfortheirobjectiontoscientificmethodisthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第四段第一句。這幾位名人都認(rèn)為“內(nèi)省”的方法比科學(xué)的方法更

可靠。“內(nèi)省”包括“直覺(jué)”和“想象

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworks

allthetimeevenwhentherearcnooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.The

biologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.It

tellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhen

toeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesand

evendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.Manhasknownabout

themforthousandsofyears.Butthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythmswas

notmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,

notedthatoneofhisplan:sopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosed

thematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplace

allthetime.Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearned

thatman'sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofaliltlelessthan25hours

insteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,

EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.The

peopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistento

andlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadto

effectivetreatmentstorcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingand

mentalillness.ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwo

livingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightor

moonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroom

betweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronic

devicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,

bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwaves

duringsleep.Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursa

dayduringanexperimentTheydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermitted

towearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.Inthefirst

fouryearsofresearch,DrWeitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweenthe

agesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Last

month,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethe

firstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thand

stayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,

whichwerepublishedinthenewspaper.

41、Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

42Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplant

maintaineditsopening-and-closingcycles.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

43、Thesentence"Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms."(In

Paragraph4)probablymeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

44、IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnot

workthesametimeeachday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

45、WhatisMr.Weitzman'sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

46、MissSobolleftthelaboratory.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)豫:*.D

知識(shí)?解扁暫無(wú)解析

InTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYouAre(2004),Dr.KevinLeman

notesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewerefirst-bornmalesordnlychildren.

MorethanhalfofUnitedStatespresidentshavebeenfirst-bornsorfirst-bornboys.It'sa

prettysignificantfindinghistorically,becausefamiliesusedtobebiggerthantheyare

today."Inadditiontobeinghighachievers,olderchildrenalsogenerallyhavehigherIQs

(智商)ihanyoungerones.Researchershaveriotedthatthemorekidsafamilyhas,the

lowereachchild'sindividualIQtendstobe.Theygiveafewreasonsforthis.Parents

onlyhavesomuchtime,attention,andmoney.Themorekidstheyhave,themorethese

thingsaredivided.First-bornsinitiallygeltheentireparental-timepie.What'smore,the

ratioofgrown-upstokidsdecreaseswitheachnewbaby.Soiheyoungeronesare

suiroundedbymorechildren'slanguageonaverage[han[heolderkids.Someresearchers

thinkparentalattentionisthekeytopersonalitybirth-orderdifferences.InhisbookBom

toRebel,psychologistFrankSullowaysayscompetitionforMomandDad'sattentionis

thethingthatreallyshapesourpersonalitiesand,infacthasshapedhistory.Heargues

thatweadaptourpersonalitiesaspartofourstrategytoseekfavorfromMomandDad.

Youngersiblings(兄弟姐妹)tendtobecomerebels.Sullowaystudiedpoliticalactivists

andfoundthatlater-bornactivistsweremoreradicalthantheirfirstbornpeers.The

conclusionofhisbookisthatsiblingcompetitionforparentalattentioncanaffectsociety

asawholeintimesofrevolution.ThomasJefferson,KarlMarx,andFidelCastrowereall

youngersiblings,fbrexample.Ascompellingasthisallis,it'salsosomethingweshould

probablytakewithcaution,thereareotherthingsthathappentousinlifebesidesthe

additionofsiblingstoourfamilies.Aparentcandie;ahurricanecanleaveushomeless;

wecancatchalife—threateningdisease.Anyoneofthesethingswillprobablyhave

moreofaneffectonourpersonalitiesthanthepresenceofsiblings.A2002studybore

thisoutAfterinterviewing535undergraduates,researchersconcludedthatpersonality

differencesrelatedtobirthorderwere"folklore",althoughIQandachievement

differenceswerewidelysupportedbyresearch.

47、Whatisimpliedby"theyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildren'slanguage

onaveragethantheolderkids"(Para.3)?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第三段可知后來(lái)出生的孩子明顯和父母溝通甚少。

48、Sulloway,authorofBorntoRebel,suggeststhatyoungersiblings.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章的第四段可知。

49、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorshapingpersonality?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文第六段提到了A項(xiàng)“父母雙亡”；C項(xiàng)“自然災(zāi)害”；D項(xiàng)“疾病威

脅惟獨(dú)沒(méi)有提到B選項(xiàng)。

50、Whatisthemeaningoffolklore"inthelastparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文中可知，“folklore”并不是其原來(lái)的本意“民俗學(xué)，民間風(fēng)俗，民

間傳說(shuō)“，而是指沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)證實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)。

51、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisproposedbyresearchers?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第一段可判斷出D項(xiàng)是最符合題意的。

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andthe

Alaskanpeninsulahavepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussian

missionaryIvanVenationselectedappropriatecharactersoftheCyrillicalphabetto

representAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabularyand

formulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independent

seahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,

werealmostobliterated.Theslaughterofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwas

sufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoral

transmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedafanaticaldevotiontotheir

languageastheironlyculturalheritage.TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguistic

burdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewith

theiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartin

churchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In

1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharply

withtheirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.To

communicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchaknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital

asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscameto

regardEnglisheducationasadevicetoweanthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.The

introductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrenascenceofRussian

cultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.The

harshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulin

retrospect.RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglish

increaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleut

linkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwas

interpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmany

regulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathat

theAleutswereclandestinelyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadawritten

languageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianand

somethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleuts

sufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleut

resentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.Graduallydespitethefailureto

emancipatetheAleutsfromasterilepastbyrelatingtheAleutandEnglishlanguages

moreclosely,thepassageofyearshasassuagedthebittermisunderstandingsandcaused

anorientation,awayfromRussiantowardEnglishastheirsecondlanguage,butAleut

continuestobethelanguagethatmoldstheirthoughtandexpression.

52、Theauthorisprimarilyuuncerncdwilhdescribing.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者重在描敘的是阿留申人對(duì)白己語(yǔ)言的忠誠(chéng)和美國(guó)人的無(wú)法理解。

53、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfor

theAleuts'devotiontotheirlanguage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:由第一段最后兩句話“Theslaughterofthemajorityofanadult

generationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwas

dependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedafanatical

devotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage."可以得到答案B。

54、WhydoestheauthormentionthattheRussianskilledthemajorityofadultAleuts?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：俄國(guó)對(duì)阿留申人的屠殺導(dǎo)致了阿留申人對(duì)自己語(yǔ)言的狂熱忠誠(chéng)，作者

提到屠殺一事就是為了解釋阿留申人對(duì)自己語(yǔ)言的狂熱忠誠(chéng)的原因。

55、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第四段第二句話“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianand

AleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussian

wasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.”喑示了答案C。

56、Distributingwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldbemostlikelytoencourage

AleutstomakemoreuseofEnglish?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：由阿留申人對(duì)自己文化及其忠誠(chéng)這一點(diǎn)，我們可以推測(cè)，一本以阿留

申文化為主的阿一英雙語(yǔ)課本是最有可能推動(dòng)英語(yǔ)在阿留申的普及的。

Onereactiontoalltheconcernabouttropicaldeforestationisablankstarethatasksthe

question,"SinceIdon'tliveinthetropics,whatdoesithavetodowithme?"Theanswer

isthatyourwayoflife,whereveryouliveintheworld,istiedtothetropicsinmany

ways.Ifyouliveinahouse,washyourhair,eatfruitandvegetables,drinksoda,ordrive

acar,youcanbecertainthatyouareaffectedbythelossoftropicalforests.Biologically,

wearelosingtherichestregionsonearthwhen,eachminute,apieceoftropicalforestthe

sizeoftencityblocksvanishes.Asmanyasfivemillionspeciesofplants,animalsand

insects,40to50percentofalllivingthings,livethere,andarebeingirrevocablylost

fasterthantheycanbefoundanddescribed.Theirlossisincalculable.Takemedicine,for

example.Fewerthanonepercentoftropicalforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheir

chemicalcompounds.Nonetheless,scientistshaveintegratedawealthofimportantplants

intooureverydaylives.TheWestAfricancalabarbeanisusedtotreatglaucoma,while

thesankerfootplantofIndiayieldsreserpine,essentialfortreatinghypertension.AWest

Africanvineprovidesthebasisforstrophanthus,aheartmedicine.Quinine,analkaloid

derivedfromboilingthebarkofthecinchonatree,isusedtopreventandtreatmalaria.

Derivativesfromtherosyperiwinkleoffera99percentchanceofremissionforvictims

oflymphocytieleukemia,aswellasa59percentchanceofrecoveryfromHodgkin*s

disease.Infact,ofthe3,000plantspeciesintheworldknowntocontainanti-cancer

properties,2,100atefromthetropicalrainforest.Thenthereisrubber.Formanyuses,

onlynaluralrubberfrunitreeswill