2020年12月四級(jí)真題第3套學(xué)習(xí)資料

淘寶店鋪：光速考研工作室年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)第3套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesintheWayofCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特別說(shuō)明 六級(jí)考試每次僅考兩套聽力，第三套聽力試題同第一套或第二套試題一致PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thethingspeoplemake,andthewaytheymakethem,determinehowcitiesgrowanddecline,andinfluencehowempiresriseandfall.So,anydisruptiontotheworld’sfactories26.Andthatdisruptionissurelycoming.Factoriesarebeingdigitised,filledwithnewsensorsandnewcomputerstomakethemquicker,more27,andmoreefficient.Robotsarebreakingfreefromthecagesthatsurroundthem,learningnewskillsandnewwaysofworking.And3Dprintershavelong28aworldwhereyoucanmakeanything,anywhere,fromacomputeriseddesign.Thatvisionis_29_closertoreality.Theseforceswillleadtocleanerfactories,producingbettergoodsatlowerprices,personalisedtoourindividualneedsanddesires.Humanswillbe30manyofthedirty，repetitive,anddangerousjobsthathavelongbeena31offactorylife.Greaterefficiency32meansfewerpeoplecandothesamework.Yetfactorybossesinmanydevelopedcountriesareworriedaboutalackofskilledhumanworkers—andsee33androbotsasasolution.ButeconomistHelenaLeurentsaysthisperiodofrapidchangeinmanufacturingisa34opportunitytomaketheworldabetterplace.“Manufacturingistheonesystemwhereyouhavegotthebiggestsourceofinnovation,thebiggestsourceofeconomicgrowth,andthebiggestsourceofgreatjobsinthepast.Youcanseeitchanging.That’sanopportunityto35thatsystemdifferently,andifwecan,itwillhavetremendoussignificance.”A)automation I)interactionB)concerns J)leaningC)enormously K)mattersD)fantastic L)movingE)fascinated M)promisedF)feature N)shapeG)flexible O)sparedH)inevitablySectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHistoryoftheLunchBoxA)Itwasmadeofshiny,brightpinkplasticwithaLittleMermaidstickeronthefront,andIcarrieditwithmenearlyeverysingleday.Mylunchboxwasoneofmyfirstprizedpossessions,aproudstatementtoeveryoneinmykindergarten:“l(fā)loveMermaid-Arielonmylunchbox.”B)Thatbulkycontainerservedmewellthroughmyfirstandsecondgrades,untilthelive-actionversionof101Dalmatianshittheaters,andIneededthenewestredplasticboxwithcharacterslikePongoandPerditaonthefront.IknowI’mnotalonehere—Ibetyoulovedyourfirstlunchbox,too.C)LunchboxeshavebeenconnectingkidstocartoonsandTVshowsandsuper-heroesfordecades.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Onceuponatime,theyweren’tevenboxes.Asschoolshavechangedinthepastcentury,themiddaymealcontainerhasevolvedrightalongwiththem.D)Let’sstartbackatthebeginningofthe20thcentury—thebeginningofthelunchboxstory,really.Whiletherewereneighborhoodschoolsincitiesandsuburbs，one-roomschoolhouseswerecommoninruralareas.Asgrandparentshavebeensayingforgenerations,kidswouldtravelmilestoschoolinthecountryside(oftenonfoot).E)“Youhadkidsinruralareaswhocouldn’tgohomefromschoolforlunch,sobringingyourlunchwrappedinacloth,inoiledpaper,inalittlewoodenboxorsomethinglikethatwasaverylong-standingruraltradition,”saysPaulaJohnson,headoffoodhistorysectionattheSmithsonianNationalMuseumofAmericanHistoryinWashington,D.C.F)Citykids,ontheotherhand,wenthomeforlunchandcameback.Sincetheyrarelycarriedameal,thefewmetallunchbucketsonthemarketweremainlyfortradesmenandfactoryworkers.G)AfterWorldWarll,abunchofchangesreshapedschools—andlunches.Morewomenjoinedtheworkforce.Smallschoolsconsolidatedintolargerones,meaningmorestudentswerefartherawayfromhome.AndtheNationalSchoolLunchActin1946madecafeteriasmuchmorecommon.Still,therewasn’tmuchofamarketforlunchcontainers—yet.Studentswhocarriedtheirlunchoftendidsoinare-purposedbucketortinofsomekind.H)Andtheneverythingchangedintheyearof1950.YoumightaswellcallittheYearoftheLunchBox,thanksinlargeparttoageniusmovebyaNashville-basedmanufacturer，AladdinIndustries.Thecompanyalreadymadesquaremetalmealcontainers,thekindworkerscarried,andsomehadstartedtoshowupinthehandsofschoolkids.I)Butthesecontainerswerereallydurable,lastingyearsonend.Thatwasgreatfortheconsumer,notsomuchforthemanufacturer.SoexecutivesatAladdinhitonanideathatwouldharnessthenewfoundpopularityoftelevision.TheycoveredlunchboxeswithstrikingredpaintandaddedapictureofTVandradiocowboyHopalongCassidyonthefront.J)Thecompanysold600,000unitsthefirstyear.Itwasamajor“Ah-ha!”moment,andawaveofothermanufacturersjumpedonboardtocapitalizeonnewTVshowsandmovies.“ThePartridgeFamily,theAddamsFamily,theSixMillionDollarMan,theBionicWoman—everythingthatwasontelevisionendeduponalunchbox,”saysAllenWoodall.He’sthefounderoftheLunchBoxMuseuminColumbus,Georgia.“ItwasagreatmarketingtoolbecausekidsweretakingthatTVshowtoschoolwiththem,andthenwhentheygothometheyhadthemcapturedbackonTV,”hesays.K)Andyes,youreadthatright:Thereisalunchboxmuseum,rightneartheChattahoocheeRiver.Woodallhasmorethan2,000itemsondisplay.Hisfavorite?TheGreenHornetlunchbox,becauseheusedtolistentotheradioshowbackinthe1940s.L)Thenewtrendwasalsoagreatexampleofplannedobsolescence,thatis,todesignaproductsothatitwillsoonbecomeunfashionableorimpossibletouseandwillneedreplacing.Kidswouldbegforanewlunchboxeveryyeartokeepupwiththenewestcharacters,eveniftheiroldlunchboxwasperfectlyusable.M)Themetallunchboxcrazelasteduntilthemid-1980s,whenplastictookover.Twotheoriesexistastowhy.Thefirst—andmostlikely—isthatplastichadsimplybecomecheaper.Thesecondtheory—possiblyanurbanmyth—isthatconcernedparentsinseveralstatesproposedbansonmetallunchboxes,claimingkidswereusingthemas“weapons”tohitoneanother.There’salotontheinternetaboutastate-widebaninFlorida,butafewdaysworthofdiggingbyahistorianattheFloridaStateHistoricalSocietyfoundnosuchlegislation.Eitherway,themetallunchboxwasout.N)Thelastfewdecadeshavebroughtanewlunchboxrevolution,ofsorts.Plasticboxeschangedtolinedclothsacks,andeventually,globalismbroughttiffincontainersfromIndiaandbentoboxesfromJapan.Eventheoldmetallunchboxeshaveregainedpopularity.“Idon’tthinktheheyday(鼎盛時(shí)期)haspassed,”saysD.J.Jayasekara,ownerandfounderof,aretailerinPasadena,California.“Ithinkithasevolved.Thedaysoftheready-made,‘youstickitinalunchboxandcarryittoschool’arekindofdone.”O(jiān))Theintroductionofbackpackschangedthelunchboxsceneabit,headds.Oncekidsstartedcarryingbookbags，thatbulkytraditionallunchboxwashardtofitinside.“Butyoucan’tjustthrowasandwichinabackpack,”Jayasekarasays.“Itstillhastogointoacontainer.”Thatis,inpart,whysmallerandsoftercontainershavetakenoff—theyfitintobackpacks.P)Anddon’tworry—whetherit’saplasticbentoboxoraclothbag,lunchcontainerscanstilleasilybecoveredwithpopularculture.“Wekeeppacewiththemovieindustriessowecanpredictwhichcharactersaregoingtobepopularforthecomingmonths,”Jayasekarasays.“Youknow,kidsarekids.”36.Lunchcontainerswerenotnecessaryforschoolkidsincities.37.PuttingTVcharactersonlunchboxesprovedaneffectivemarketingstrategy.38.Smallerlunchboxesarepreferredbecausetheyfiteasilyintobackpacks.39.Lunchboxeshaveevolvedalongwiththetransformationofschools.40.Aroundthebeginningofthenineteenfifties,someschoolkidsstartedtousemetalmealcontainers.41.Schoolkidsareeagertogetanewlunchboxeveryyeartostayinfashion.42.Ruralkidsusedtowalkalongwaytoschoolintheolddays.43.Theauthorwasproudofusingalunchboxinherchildhood.44.Themostprobablereasonforthepopularityofplasticlunchboxesisthattheyarelessexpensive.45.Thedurabilityofmetalmealcontainersbenefitedconsumers.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AgrowingnumberofU.S.bikeridersareattractedtoelectricbikesforconvenience,healthbenefitsandtheirfunfactor.Althoughebikesfirstappearedinthe90s,cheaperoptionsandlonger-lastingbatteriesarebreathingnewlifeintotheconcept.Establishedbikecompaniesandstartupsareembracingebikestomeetdemand.About34millionebikesweresoldworldwidelastyear,accordingtodatafromeCycleElectricConsultants.MostweresoldinEuropeandChina,wherethebikesalreadyhaveexplodedinpopularity.Recently,theU.s.markethasgrownto263,000bikes,a25%gainfromtheprioryear.Theindustryisbenefitingfromimprovedbatteriesassuppliersovertheyearsdevelopedtechnologyforlaptops,smartphonesandelectriccars.In2004,thepriceofbatteriesusedonebikesfell,spurringEuropeansales.Butlowercostoptionsareemerging,too.Thismonth,threeU.S.bikesharecompanies,Motivate,LimeBikeandSpin,announcedelectricbicycleswillbeaddedtotheirfleets.NewYork-basedJumpBikesisalreadyoperatinganelectricbikeshareinWashington，D.C.，andislaunchinginSanFranciscoThursday.Ridescost$2for30minutes.Thesystemworkslikeexistingdocklessbikesharesystems,whereridersunlockbikesthroughasmartphoneapp.“Thisisthebeginningofalong-termshiftawayfromregularpedal(踏板)toelectricbikes,”saidJumpBikesCEORyanRzepecki.“Whenpeoplefirstjumponanebike,theirfacelightsup.It’sexcitingandjoyfulinawaythatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbike.”Twoyearsago,CEOChrisCocalisofPivotCycles,whichsellshigh-endmountainbikes,foundthatU.S.bikeshopsweren’tinterestedinstockingebikes.SomeretailerswarnedCocalisthatthey’ddropthebrandifitcameoutwithanelectricbike.Nowthatsalesaretakingoff,thevastmajorityofbikedealersareaskingCocaliswhenhe’llmakeanebikeavailable.“There’stremendousopportunitytogetagenerationofpeopleforwhomsufferingisn’ttheirthing,”Cocalissaid.“Ebikeridersgettheenjoyablepartofcyclingwithoutthemassivesufferingofclimbinghugehills.”46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutebikes?A)Theirhealthbenefitsandfunvaluesoutweightheircost.B)TheydidnotcatchpublicattentionintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1990s.C)Theydidnotbecomepopularuntiltheemergenceofimprovedbatteries.D)Theirwidespreaduseisattributabletopeople’senvironmentalawareness.47.WhatbroughtabouttheboostinebikesalesinEuropeatthebeginningofthecentury?A)Updatedtechnologyofbikemanufacture.B)Thefallingpricesofebikebatteries.C)Changedfashioninshort-distancetravel.D)Therisingcostsformakingelectriccars.48.WhatistheprospectofthebikeindustryaccordingtoRyanRzepecki?A)Morewillbeinvestedinbikebatteryresearch.B)Thesalesofebikeswillincrease.C)Itwillprofitfromebikesharing.D)Itwillmakeadifferenceinpeople’sdailylives.49.WhatpreventedChrisCocalisfromdevelopingebikessooner?A)Retailers’refusaltodealinebikes.B)Highprofitsfromconventionalbikes.C)Users’concernaboutrisksofebikeriding.D)Hisfocusonsellingcostlymountainbikes.50.WhatmakesChrisCocalisbelievethereisagreateropportunityforebikesales?A)Thefurtherloweringofebikeprices.B)Thepublic’sconcernfortheirhealth.C)Theincreasinginterestinmountainclimbing.D)Theyoungergeneration’spursuitofcomfortableriding.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theterms“globalwarming”and“climatechange”areusedbymany,seeminglyinterchangeably.Butdotheyreallymeanthesamething?Scientistsshapedthehistoryofthetermswhileattemptingtoaccuratelydescribehowhumanscontinuetoaltertheplanet.Later,politicalstrategistsadoptedthetermstoinfluencepublicopinion.In1975，geochemistWallaceBroeckerintroducedtheterm“climatechange”inanarticlepublishedbyScience.In1979,aNationalAcademyofSciencesreportusedtheterm“globalwarming”todefineincreasesintheEarth’saveragesurfacetemperature,while“climatechange”morebroadlyreferredtothenumerouseffectsofthisincrease，suchassea-levelriseandoceanacidification(酸化).Duringthefollowingdecades,someindustrialistsandpoliticianslaunchedacampaigntosowdoubtinthemindsoftheAmericanpublicabouttheabilityoffossil-fueluse,deforestationandotherhumanactivitiestoinfluencetheplanet’sclimate.Worduseplayedacriticalroleindevelopingthatdoubt.Forexample,thelanguageandpollsexpertFrankLuntzwroteamemoencouragingtheuseof“climatechange”becausethephrasesoundedlessscarythan“globalwarming,”reportedtheGuardian.However,Luntz’srecommendationwasn’tnecessary.AGoogleNgramViewerchartshowsthatby1993climatechangewasalreadymorecommonlyusedinbooksthanglobalwarming.Bytheendofthenextdecadebothwordswereusedmorefrequently,andclimatechangewasusednearlytwiceasoftenasglobalwarming.NASAusedtheterm“climatechange”becauseitmoreaccuratelyreflectsthewiderangeofchangestotheplanetcausedbyincreasingamountsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thedebateisn’tnew.Acenturyago,chemistSvanteArrheniusstartedoneofthefirstdebatesoverthepotentialforhumanstoinfluencetheplanet’sclimate.ArrheniuscalculatedthecapabilityofcarbondioxidetotrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere,butotherchemistsdisagreed.Somearguedthathumanswerentproducingenoughgreenhousegases,whileothersclaimedtheeffectswouldbetiny.Now,ofcourse,weknowthatwhateveryoucallit,humanbehavioriswarmingtheplanet,withgraveconsequencesahead.51.Whydidpoliticiansusethetwoterms“globalwarming”and