寒假提升第四講 名詞-【寒假分層訓(xùn)練】2025年七年級英語（冀教版）【含答案解析】

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁冀教版七年級上冊寒假分層訓(xùn)練第4講名詞知識梳理知識梳理【可數(shù)名詞】可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：（1）規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-smap→mapsbag→bags以s,x,ch,sh等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus→buseswatch→watcheswish→wishesbox→boxes(特例:stomach→stomachs)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-esbaby→babiescity→citiescountry→countries以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞加-smonkey→monkeysholiday→holidaystoy→toys以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞表示有生命的詞,加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes【巧學(xué)妙記】英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿。表示無生命的詞,加-sphoto→photospiano→pianos以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞加-szoo→zoosradio→radioskangaroo→kangaroosvideo→videos以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞大多數(shù)變f或fe為ve,再加-sshelf→shelvesthief→thievesknife→knivesleaf→leaves特殊名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,glasses(眼鏡)clothes,pants,jeans,scissors表示“某國人”的名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese變詞尾的man為menEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→Frenchmen詞尾加-sGerman→GermansAmerican→AmericansCanadian→Canadians【巧學(xué)妙記】中日不變,英法變,其他后面加-s（2）不規(guī)則變法：類別構(gòu)成方法例詞特殊名詞改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母foot→feettooth→teethman→men

mouse→micewoman→women詞尾加-en或-renox→oxen(公牛)child→children單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep,deer,spacecraft,fish(表示魚的種類多時,fish的復(fù)數(shù)為fishes)拓展：當(dāng)名詞作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)形式的使用原則如下:(1)名詞作定語,一般用單數(shù)形式。如:countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂,computergames電腦游戲,boystudents男學(xué)生,girlfriends女性朋友(2)個別名詞作定語,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:clothesstore服裝店,sportsmeeting運動會(3)man和woman作定語,和后面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。如:mandoctor→mendoctors男醫(yī)生,womanteacher→womenteachers女老師【集體名詞】(1)集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù),如people(人們),police(警察)。如果要表達(dá)單數(shù)形式則要用其他名詞。一名警察apolice(×)apoliceman/policewoman(√)一個人apeople(×)aperson(√)(2)family,class,team等集體名詞作主語,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的成員時謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。HisfamilyhasmovedtoBeijing.他的一家已經(jīng)搬到北京去了。Hisfamilyarehavinglunch.他的家人正在吃午飯。以-s結(jié)尾但仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞(不可數(shù)名詞),news(不可數(shù)名詞)和theUnitedStates等。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名、劇名、報紙名、雜志名等也視為單數(shù)。基礎(chǔ)鞏固專項練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)鞏固專項練習(xí)一、單項選擇1．—Therearemany________ofthisfarm.—Yes,youcanseesome________inthem.A．photo;potato B．photos;potatos C．photos;potatoes D．photoes;potatoes2．—Howmany________doyouhave?—Ihavethree.A．brother B．sisters C．brother’s D．sister3．Whenyoulearnnewwords,trytomake________withthemtohelpyourememberthewordsbetter.A．letters B．words C．sentences D．sentence4．—Whatarethese?—Theyare________.A．tomatoplants B．babychicken C．a(chǎn)pplestrees D．babygoose5．—Mygrandparentshavethree________.—Tom,Lucyandme.A．grandchild B．grandchildren C．grandchilds D．grandchildrens6．Canyouseesome________onthehill?A．sheeprunning B．sheeparerunning C．sheepsrunning D．sheeptorun7．Let’smaketwo________.A．snowmans B．snowman C．snowmen D．a(chǎn)snowman8．Ihavetwo________andten________.A．foot;finger B．feet;fingers C．foots;fingers D．feet;finger9．—Wouldyoulikesomemilk________sugar?—No,thanks.Toomuchsugarisbadforour________.A．without;tooth B．with;tooth C．with;teeth D．without;teeth10．—Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?—Thereare________.A．fivepeoples B．fivepeople C．fifthpeople D．fifthpeoples二、單詞拼寫11．Ladiesand(gentleman),thatdayhascome.12．Howmany(goose)canyousee?13．Howmany(sheep)doesmyunclehave?14．Theyarethose(child)bags.15．John,pleasebrushyour(tooth).16．Howamazing!Thelittlecatcaughttwo(mouse)lastnight.17．Isawtwo(mouse)inthekitchen.18．Thecoatsunderthetreearethose(child).19．Inautumn,(leaf)turnbrownandstartfallingfromthetrees.20．Arethey(Japanese)?能力提升能力提升三、完形填空Myunclehasabig21.Manyanimalsare22thefarm.Theyarecows,chickens,ducks,23,pigsanddogs.Thefarmisbigbutmyunclekeepsit24.Youcan25lovelyflowersthere.Thereare26trees.Oneisanappletree,theotherisanorangetree.Iliketolivethere,27Idon’thavemuchfreetime.I28togotoschoolonweekdays.SoontheweekendIoftengotheretohelp(幫助)29uncle.Ioftenhelphimfeedcows,pigsandchickens.All(所有)ofthese30arekindtome.ThedogsliketorunaroundmeandIliketoplaywiththem.Theducksliketoswimintheriver.Thepigliketosleep.Theyaresocute.21．A．farm B．house C．room D．classroom22．A．on B．in C．under D．a(chǎn)t23．A．sheep B．potatoes C．flowers D．lakes24．A．small B．bad C．cute D．tidy25．A．see B．look C．watch D．read26．A．one B．two C．three D．four27．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．or28．A．keep B．a(chǎn)sk C．need D．spell29．A．your B．my C．his D．her30．A．a(chǎn)nimals B．people C．plants D．trees四、閱讀理解“Mom,Ineedonedollar,”Bethsaid.“Why?”hermomasked.“MyfriendBenisgoingtobuyanicecream.Ineedadollartogetone,too,”shesaid.“Sorry,Ican’thelpyou,”Momsaid.Bethwassadaboutthis.“Beth,icecreamisnotsomethingyouneed.Thatissomethingyouwant,”hermomsaid.“Whatisthedifference?”Bethasked.“Aneedissomethingthatyoumusthave.”Hermomsaid.“Oh,isitsomethinglikefoodandwater?”Bethasked.“Yes,thatisright.Icecreamisatreat(樂趣)butnotamust.Itissomethingyouwant,”Beth’smomsaid.“IthinkIgetitnow.CanIdothehouseworkformydollar?”Bethsaid.“Thatisagreatidea!”Momsaid.31．WhydoesBethneedonedollar?A．Tobuyanicecream. B．TogiveBenanicecream. C．Togototheschool.32．Whichofthefollowingissomethingyouneed?A． B． C．33．Theunderlinedword“it”refersto________.A．food B．water C．icecream34．Whatmighthappen(發(fā)生)next?A．Bethcleanedthebedroom. B．Bethwasunhappywithhermom. C．Bethaskedherdadforonedollar.五、任務(wù)型閱讀請閱讀下面語篇，根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容回答問題。WuBinbinisastudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.Hegoestoschoolat8:00a.m.fromMondaytoFriday.Theyhavefourclassesinthemorningandthreeintheafternoon.From12:00to1:00p.m.studentshavelunchintheschooldininghall.TuesdayandThursdayarehisfavoritedays,becausehehasart.Itissomuchfunandhelikesitalot.Afterclass,theygotodifferentclubs.OnMondays,hegoestothesportsclubandplaysballgameswithhisclassmates.OnTuesdayandThursdayafternoons,hegoestotheEnglishCorner(英語角)tohaveconversationswithotherstudentsinEnglish.OnWednesdaysandFridays,hegoestothehomeworkclubanddoeshishomeworkthere.Healsoaskstheteachersquestions.Intheafternoon,schoolfinishesat5:00p.m.Therearemanyactivitiesinhisschool,too.Thismonth,theyhavetheSchoolDay.Parentscancometoschoolandspendanafternoonwiththeirkids.Hereistheinvitation(邀請函)studentsmakefortheSchoolDay.Parentslikeitverymuchbecauseit’sagoodwayforthemtogettoknowtheirchildrenbetter.35．WhydoesWuBinbinlikeart?36．HowlongdoesWuBinbinstayatschooleveryday?37．WhatdoesWuBinbindoatthehomeworkclub?38．WhenistheSchoolDayinNo.1MiddleSchool?Whatdoparentsthinkofit?39．What’syourfavoriteschoolactivity?Whydoyoulikeit?六、短文填空根據(jù)圖片、內(nèi)容及元音提示寫出單詞，使文章的意思完整正確。注意：所寫單詞必須包含所給元音。例:MynameisDavid.Ilove________(/?:/),andIlikebasketballverymuch.答案:sportsAhealthydietwithexercisewillhelpyoulookbetter,feelbetterandlivelonger.ButIamsadtosaythatmanychildrendon’thaveahealthylifestyle.TheyeatmuchfastfoodlikeFrenchfriesandfriedchicken.40(/?/)toomuchfastfoodisnotgood.Ifyou41(/?/)liketolivealongandhealthylife,youhavetolookafteryourlivinghabits.Itis42(/?:/)togetayearlyphysicalexamination(年度體檢),too.Youdon’t43(/??/)tohearanybadnews,butthedoctorwilltellyouhowhealthyyouare.It’salsoagoodideaforyoutoreadabookonhealthyeating.Fromthebook,youmayfindsomeusefultipsonhowtoeathealthily.Iamingood44(/e/)now.PeopletellmethatIlookveryyoung.Healthyeatinghashelpedmeanditwillalsohelpyou!參考答案：題號12345678910答案CBCABACBCB題號21222324252627282930答案AAADABBCBA題號31323334答案ABCA1．C【詳解】句意：——有很多這個農(nóng)場的照片?！堑模憧梢栽谡掌锩婵吹揭恍┩炼??？疾槊~的數(shù)。photo照片，單數(shù)形式；photos照片，復(fù)數(shù)形式；photoes錯誤表達(dá)；potato土豆，單數(shù)形式；potatos錯誤表達(dá)；potatoes土豆，復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)“many”可知，第一空用photo的復(fù)數(shù)形式photos；根據(jù)“some”可知，第二空用potato的復(fù)數(shù)形式potatoes。故選C。2．B【詳解】句意：——你有幾個姐妹？——我有三個?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。Howmany詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。3．C【詳解】句意：當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)生詞時，試著用它們造句以幫助你更好地記住單詞。考查名詞詞義辨析和名詞復(fù)數(shù)。letters字母；words單詞；sentences句子；sentence句子，單數(shù)。根據(jù)“Whenyoulearnnewwords”可知，此處指試著用生詞造句，makesentenceswith意為“造句”，要用sentence的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選C。4．A【詳解】句意：——這些是什么？——它們是西紅柿植株?？疾槊~短語辨析。tomatoplants西紅柿植株；babychicken小雞；applestrees表述錯誤；babygoose小鵝。根據(jù)“—Whatarethese?—Theyare….”可知，需要用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式來進(jìn)行回答；從各選項在語法和表意上判斷，選項A“tomatoplants”符合。故選A。5．B【詳解】句意：——我祖父母有三個孫子孫女。——湯姆、露西和我?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)“Mygrandparentshavethree”可知，此處指的是三個孫子孫女，應(yīng)該填名詞復(fù)數(shù)grandchildren“孫子/女”。故選B。6．A【詳解】句意：你能看到一些羊在山上奔跑嗎？考查名詞的數(shù)和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。sheep為單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式仍為sheep，排除C；seesb/sthdoingsth“看見某人某物做某事”，此處應(yīng)用動詞run的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選A。7．C【詳解】句意：我們來做兩個雪人吧。考查名詞的數(shù)。snowmans錯誤表達(dá)；snowman雪人，單數(shù)形式；snowmen雪人，復(fù)數(shù)形式；asnowman一個雪人。根據(jù)空前的“two”可知，此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式snowmen。故選C。8．B【詳解】句意：我有兩只腳和十只手。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。two修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，foot的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式為feet；ten修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，finger的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式為fingers。故選B。9．C【詳解】句意：——你想要喝點帶糖的牛奶嗎？——不，謝謝。太多糖對我們牙齒不好?？疾榻樵~辨析及名詞復(fù)數(shù)。without沒有；with有。根據(jù)“No,thanks.Toomuchsugarisbadfor”可知，第一空是指加糖的牛奶；第二空用牙齒的復(fù)數(shù)teeth。故選C。10．B【詳解】句意：——你家有多少人？——有五個人。考查基數(shù)詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)“Howmany”可知此處回答數(shù)量，用基數(shù)詞five，排除CD；people的復(fù)數(shù)是people，排除A。故選B。11．gentlemen【詳解】句意：女士們，先生們，那一天已經(jīng)到來了。根據(jù)“Ladiesand...”可知，此處需填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式與Ladies相對應(yīng)，gentleman“先生”，名詞單數(shù)形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為gentlemen。故填gentlemen。12．geese【詳解】句意：你可以看見多少只鵝？howmany后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，goose的復(fù)數(shù)形式為geese。故填geese。13．sheep【詳解】句意：我叔叔有多少只綿羊？sheep“綿羊”，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。故填sheep。14．children’s【詳解】句意：它們是那些孩子們的包。child“孩子”，名詞。根據(jù)“bags”可知，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語。故填children’s。15．teeth【詳解】句意：約翰，請刷你的牙齒。根據(jù)“Pleasebrushyour…”以及所給單詞可知，此處牙齒表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式teeth。故填teeth。16．mice【詳解】句意：真震驚！這個小貓昨晚抓了2只老鼠。mouse“老鼠”，名詞；由“two”可知，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；mouse的復(fù)數(shù)為mice。故填mice。17．mice【詳解】句意：我在廚房里看到兩只老鼠。根據(jù)空前的“two”可知，此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式mice。故填mice。18．children’s【詳解】句意：樹下的那些外套是那些孩子們的。those修飾用復(fù)數(shù)形式，空處表達(dá)外套是孩子們的，應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式children’s。故填children’s。19．leaves【詳解】句意：秋天，樹葉變黃并開始從樹上落下。根據(jù)謂語動詞“turn”可知，主語用復(fù)數(shù)leaves“樹葉”。故填leaves。20．Japanese【詳解】句意：他們是日本人嗎？Japanese“日本人”，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。故填Japanese。21．A22．A23．A24．D25．A26．B27．B28．C29．B30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了作者叔叔的農(nóng)場。21．句意：我叔叔有個大農(nóng)場。farm農(nóng)場；house房子；room房間；classroom教室。根據(jù)“Manyanimalsare...thefarm.”可知，此處指農(nóng)場。故選A。22．句意：它們是奶牛、雞、鴨、羊、豬和狗。on在……上；in在……里；under在……下面；at在……時。根據(jù)“thefarm”可知，onthefarm表示“在農(nóng)場上”。故選A。23．句意：它們是奶牛、雞、鴨、羊、豬和狗。sheep綿陽；potatoes土豆；flowers花；lakes湖。根據(jù)“Manyanimals”可知，此處應(yīng)是一種動物。故選A。24．句意：農(nóng)場很大，但是我叔叔保持它整潔。small小的；bad壞的；cute可愛的；tidy整潔的。根據(jù)“Thefarmisbigbutmyunclekeepsit...”可知，此處指保持農(nóng)場整潔。故選D。25．句意：你可以看到那里有可愛的花朵。see看到；look看起來；watch觀看；read讀。根據(jù)“Youcan...lovelyflowersthere.”可知，此處指看到花。故選A。26．句意：有兩棵樹。one一；two二；three三；four四。根據(jù)“One...theother...”可知，一共有兩棵樹。故選B。27．句意：我喜歡生活在那里，但是沒有很多時間。and然后；but但是；so所以；or或者。根據(jù)“Iliketolivethere,...Idon’thavemuchfreetime.”可知，雖然很喜歡農(nóng)場，但是沒有很多時間住在那里。故選B。28．句意：我每天需要上學(xué)。keep保持；ask問；need需要；spell拼寫。根據(jù)“I...togotoschool”可知，我需要上學(xué)。故選C。29．句意：所以周末我經(jīng)常去那里幫我叔叔。your你的；my我的；his他的；her她的。根據(jù)“Myunclehasabig...”可知，此處指我的叔叔。故選B。30．句意：所有這些動物都對我很好。animals動物；people人們；plants植物；trees樹。根據(jù)“Ioftenhelphimfeedcows,pigsandchickens.”可知，此處指奶牛、豬和雞這些動物。故選A。31．A32．B33．C34．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了Beth跟媽媽要一美元買冰淇凌，但是媽媽認(rèn)為冰淇凌并不是必需品，所以Beth決定用做家務(wù)來換取這一美元。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MyfriendBenisgoingtobuyanicecream.Ineedadollartogetone,too”可知，要一美元買冰淇凌，故選A。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Aneedissomethingthatyoumusthave.”、“Oh,likefoodandwater?”及“Yes,thatisright.”可知，必需品是你必須要有的東西，圖片中睡覺是人們的必需品，故選B。33．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Icecreamisatreat(樂趣)butnotamust.Itissomethingyouwant”可知，冰淇凌是你想要的某樣?xùn)|西，所以it指代icecream，故選C。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“CanIdothehouseworkformydollar”及“Thatisagreatidea!”可知，接下來Beth會做家務(wù)，故選A。35．Becauseit’ssomuchfun.36．Hestaysatschoolfor9hours./For9hours.37．Hedoeshishomeworkandaskstheteachersquestions.38．(It’s)OnFriday,Dec.20th.Theythinkit’sagoodway(forthem)togettoknowtheirchildrenbetter.39．Theartfestival.Becausewecanlearnalotandhavealotoffun.【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了武斌斌，一中學(xué)生，課余參加體育、英語角和作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)等社團(tuán)活動，學(xué)校活動豐富，家長好評。35．根據(jù)“Itissomuchfunandhelikesitalot.”可知，因為它太有趣了。故填Becauseit’ssomuchfun.36．根據(jù)“Hegoestoschoolat8:00a.m.”及“Intheafternoon,schoolfinishesat5:00