22923-7現(xiàn)代物流英語-鄭若函 袁暉-參考 answer-19.12.8

TASK1LogisticsSystem物流系統(tǒng)ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases物流管理logisticsmanagement客戶服務(wù)Customerservice物資搬運(yùn)Materialhandling存貨管理Inventorymanagement訂單處理Orderprocessing;逆向物流reverselogistics;需求預(yù)測forecastingplanning退貨處理Returngoodshandling包裝Packaging運(yùn)輸Transportation物流信息Logisticsinformation采購Procurement;Ⅱ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Abasicdefinitionoflogisticsisthecontinuousprocessofmeetingcustomerneedsbyensuringtheavailabilityoftherightbenefitsfortherightcustomer,inthequantityandconditiondesiredbythatcustomer,atthetimeandplacethecustomerwantsthem,allforapricethebuyeriswillingtopay.2.Theprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,cost-effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofconformingtocustomerrequirements.3.ThethemefunctionsoflogisticsareTransportation、Inventorymanagement、Warehousing.4.ThesupportfunctionsoflogisticsincludesOrderprocessing、Packaging、Materialhandling、Logisticsinformation.5.Reverselogisticsisinvolvedinremovalanddisposalofwastematerialsleftoverfromtheproduction,distribution,orpackagingprocesses.6.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothemanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedtoconsumers.7.Therecentgrowthglobalcommerceandtheintroductionofe-commercethesizeofcomplexityoflogisticaloperations.Ⅱ.BackgroundreadingEXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Forthefirstsixyearsofthewartheadministrationofthesevitalsupplieswastotallyinadequate,affectingthecourseofoperationsandthemoraleofthetroops.2.Thislackofrecognitionpartlyspringsfromoftherelativelevelofunderstandingofbenefitofintegratedlogistics.3.Failuretocoordinateanyoneoftheseactivitieswithitgroup-fellowsandalsowiththoseintheothergroup,orundueemphasisoroutlay-putuponanyoneoftheseactivates,iscertaintoupsettheequilibriumofforceswhichmeansefficientdistribution.4.Insteadofbeingasubsequentproblem,thisquestionofsupplymustbemetandansweredbeforetheworkofdistributionbegins.5.Logisticsistheprocessofstrategicallymanagingtheprocurement,movementandstorageofmaterials,partsandfinishedinventory(andtherelatedinformationflows)throughtheorganizationanditsmarketingchannelsinsuchawaythatcurrentandfutureprofitabilityaremaximizedthroughthecost-effectivefulfillmentoforders.EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.However,manyorganizationsdohaveamorenarrowfunctionalviewofcustomerserviceassomethingthattheyactuallyperform.Forexample,afirmmayhaveacustomerservicedepartmentorCustomerserviceemployeesthathandlecomplaints,specialorders,damageclaims,returns,billingproblems,etc.2.Demandforecastingaimsattheneedforaccurateinformationonfuturecustomerneedssothatthelogisticssystemcanassuretherightproductsand/orservicesareavailabletomeetthoserequirements.3.Advancedsystemscanreducethetimebetweenorderplacementandshipmentfromawarehouseorstoragefacility.Inmanycasesordersaretransmittedfromthebuyer’scomputertothevendor’scomputer.4.Often,savinginotherlogisticsexpenses(suchasinventory,transportationand/orwarehousing)orincreasingsalesfromimprovedcustomerservicewilljustifythecostofthesystem.5.Transportationisfrequentlyusedtooffsetthepotentiallydamagingimpactoncustomerservicelevelsthatwouldotherwiseresultfromthoseinventoryreductions.6.Itisalsoworthmentioningthatforinventoriesofrawmaterialsandcomponentparts,thecustomeristhefirm’sownproductionline;forfinishedgoodsthecustomeristhefinaluseroftheproduct.7.Oftenthereturnedgoodscannotbetransported,stored,and/orhandledeasily,resultinginlogisticscosts.TASK2Supplychainmanagement供應(yīng)鏈管理ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases供應(yīng)鏈Supplychain供應(yīng)鏈管理Supplychainmanagement上下游upstreamanddownstream市場運(yùn)作Marketdriven靈活操作operationallyagile客戶導(dǎo)航customer-guided交貨提前期Deliveryleadtime產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量Theproductquality交貨可靠性Deliveryreliability產(chǎn)品價(jià)格TheproductpriceⅡ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Supplychain,(alsocalledvaluechainordemandchain),isthenetworkoftheinvolvedcompanies,throughupstreamanddownstreamlinkages,inthedifferentprocessesandactivitiesthatproducevalueintheformofproductsandservicesinthehandsoftheultimateconsumer.2.Logisticsmanagementisbasicallyconcernedwithoptimizingflowswithintheorganization,whilesupplychainmanagementextendssuchinternalintegrationtotheoutsideoftheorganization.3.SCMisanextensionofLogistics.Theconceptofsupplychainmanagementisrelativelynew;however,itisinfactanextensionofthelogistics.Logisticsmanagementisbasicallyconcernedwithoptimizingflowswithintheorganization,whilesupplychainmanagementextendssuchinternalintegrationtotheoutsideoftheorganization.4.SixstrategiesforSCMWiththenumerousadvantageofsupplychainintegration,itsmanagementcanbeacomplexchallenge.5.TradeFocused:Prioritizing“l(fā)owprice,bestvalue”fortheconsumer(aswiththelogisticsoptimizerstrategybutfocusinglessonbrandthanondedicatedservicetotradecustomers).6.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothemanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedtoconsumers.7.Inselectingsuppliers,thegeneralneedtoconsiderfactorssuchasprice,quality,reliability,service,geographiclocation,financialstatus,technicalcapabilities,inwhichthesupplierdeliveryleadtime,productquality,deliveryreliabilityandpricesofthesefourfactorsistoselectthesupplierofthemostcriticalfactor.8.Theproductquality:referstosuppliersofproductstomeetthebusinessneedsoftheextent,inthiscasereferstothetotalqualifiedproductsintheproportionoftotalproducts.Ⅱ.Backgroundreading(背景閱讀)EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Normally,severalindependentfirmsareinvolvedinmanufacturingaproductandplacingitinthehandsoftheendusersinasupplychain.Rawmaterialandcomponentproducers,productassemblers,wholesalers,retailingmerchantsandtransportationcompaniesareallmembersofasupplychain.2.Thesupplychainisviewedasasingleprocess.Responsibilityforthevarioussegmentsinthechainisnotfragmentedandrelegatedtofunctionalareassuchasmanufacturing,purchasing,distribution,andsales.3.Supplychainmanagementcallsforadifferentperspectiveoninventorieswhichareusedasabalancingmechanismoflast,notfirst,resort4.Groupingcustomerbasedonfulfillmentrequirements(suchasdeliverytermmerchandisingsupport,andvalue-addedservices)vs.traditionalcategories(e.g.byclassoftrade)identifieshowtoalignyouroperationstomeetyourcustomerrequirements.5.Leadingcompaniesareusingothertacticsinadditiontojust-in-timeand“l(fā)eanmanufacturing”practices.6.Furthermore,softwareforoptimizationhasbeenembracedbyalloftheseparties,asitoffersmathematicalmodelingsolutionstosupplychainproblems.EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Therearesomestrategiesthatcouldeliminatethisproblem,suchasintermediaryhubsandhubregulation,buttheywouldultimatelyleadtoadecreaseinefficiency..2.Ultimately,therearenumerousroad-blockspreventingInternet-informationhubsfrombecomingubiquitousinsupplychainmanagement,butoneappearstobethegreatesthurdle.3.Somepartnersmaybehappierwithnopositivegainasopposedtomenialpositivegainfromnewtechnologyifitspartnersreceivegreatgain.Inessence,trustandcooperationareevenhardertoimplementthanthesupplychaintechnology.4.TherearemanyadvantagesoftheInternet-enabledsupplychain.E-Businessapplicationsarearevolutionaryimprovementinthesupplychain.5.Onatechnicallevel,quickreturnsandspeedieroptimizationaretheimmediateadvantagesoftheInternetintegratedsupplychain.TASK3Transportation運(yùn)輸ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases運(yùn)輸Transport公路運(yùn)輸Customerservice鐵路運(yùn)輸railtransport水路運(yùn)輸watertransport航空運(yùn)輸airtransport管道運(yùn)輸pipelinetransport多式聯(lián)運(yùn)inter-modaltransportation整箱貨fullcontainerload(FCL)拼箱貨lessthanafullcontainerload(LCL)發(fā)貨人shipper收貨人consignee承運(yùn)人carrierⅡ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Howtoimprovetransportationworktocarryoutreasonabletransportation,notonlyaffectstheoccupiedtimeoflogistics,butalsoaffectstheleveloflogisticscosts.2.Whetherintheformofmaterials,components,work-in-process,orfinishedgoods,thebasicvalueprovidedbytransportationistomoveinventorytothenextstageofthebusinessprocess.3.Forcargoowners,transportsafetyandaccuracy,lowtransportcostssuchfactorsareimportant4.Ifthegoodshavetopassthroughthreestagesoftransportation,viz.,theyarefirstcarriedbyland,thenbysea,andfinallyagainbyland,theywilltravelinthesamecontainerfromtheplaceofloadingtothatofdischargeandthephysicallaboraswellasthecostofconveyingthemfromonevehicleoftransportationtothenextaresaved.5.Ifthecargoislessthanafullcontainerload(LCL),theexportersendsittothecontainerfreightstation,whereitwillbeconsolidatedwiththegoodsofotherexportersinagroupagecontainer.6.Iftheexporterintendstofillafullcontainerload(FCL),theforwarderorshippinglinewillbepreparedtosendanemptycontainertotheexporterforloading.7.Asaservicebusiness,carrierswanttochargetheircustomersthehighestratepossiblewhileminimizinglabor,fuel,andvehiclecostsrequiredcompletingthemovement.8.Thegovernmenthasavestedinterestintransportationbecauseofthecriticalimportanceofreliableservicetoeconomicandsocialwell-being.9.Realtimeinformationexchangesfinally,theuseoftheInternetasacommunicationsbackboneisrapidlychangingthenatureoftransportationoperations.Ⅱ.Backgroundreading(背景閱讀)EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Therailwaytransporthasstrongercuracyandcontinuity.Railtransportisalmostfreefromtheclimate;thereareregularandaccurateoperationdayandnightthroughouttheyearcanbecarriedoutonaregularbasis.2.Inaddition,railtransportmadeupofthetransport,maintenance,vehicles,publicworks,electricityworksandotherbusinessunits,thereshouldbeastrongeraccuracyandconsistency.3.China'srailtransportisanimportantgoodsdistributionmethodintheinternationaltransport.Transportedbetweenprovincesandinthedomesticregionsforeigntradegoods,rawmaterials,semi-finishedproductsandpackagingmaterials,whicharemainlyaccomplishedbyrailtransport.4.Astheroadtransportnetworkgenerallydensitytentimeslargerthantherailway,waterwaynetwork,andisdistributedtoowidely,soroadtransportvehiclesthatcan"totheeverywhere,everytimethere."5.Itcanrealize"door-to-door"transport:Asthetrucksaresmallerthanothertransportvehicleandgenerallydonotneedtoreloadonhalf-way,inadditiontowidelydistributedalongtheroadnetwork,itcanalsoleavetheroadnetworkdowntofactoriesandenterprisesandurbanhousing,6.Restrictionsareplacedontheoperationofroadvehicles,theserestrictionsincludebanningvehiclesatcertaintimesorcompletely,parkingrestrictions,andpedestrianonlyareas.7.Pipelinesarewellestablishedfortrunkhauls,especiallyforcrudeoilandpetroleumproducts.8.Avoidanceoflossthroughpilferage.Traditionallythefthasbeenaseriousproblemfortransshipmentfacilityoperatorsandsecurityoftransitisanimportantdeterminantinmodalchoicedecisions.EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Theabsenceenrouteofintermediatehandlingplusquickerseatransitscomparedwithbreakbulkcargoshipmentslowerstheriskofdamageandpilferage.2.ShipownersandPortAuthoritiescontinuetoinvestheavilyinportequipmentanditsinfrastructuretospeeduptransshipmentarrangements,quickenportturn-roundtimeandimprovetransittime.3.Documentationissimplifiedbytheuseofthroughdocumentationorcombinedtransportbilloflading,involvingacommoncodeofliabilityforthethroughtransit.4.Containerizationfacilitatesthemaximumuseofcomputerizationinmanyareas,especiallycontainercontrol,consumerbilling,containerstowageinthevessel,containertracking,documentprocessing,cargoreservationandsoon.5.Internationalmaritimecontainernetworkexpandsannuallyasportsandberthsaremodernizedtogetherwiththeirinfrastructure.6.Anincreasingnumberofbuyersarenowarrangingtheirowninternationaltransportarrangementsfeaturingthecontaineronanintermodalbasis.7.Buyersareparticularlyurgedtomakethebestuseoftheavailableweight/volumetriclimitationsofthecontainertypechosenanddesignthepackagingarrangementsaccordingly,withbrokenstowagebeingkepttoaminimum.TASK4Packaging包裝ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases銷售包裝consumerpackage工業(yè)包裝theindustrialpackage容納作用Containment保護(hù)功能Protection分配功能Apportionment使用功能Utilization便利功能Convenience交流功能CommunicationⅡ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Packagingiscloselytiedtowarehouseefficiencyandeffectiveness.2.Thebestpackageincreasesservice,decreasescost,andimproveshandling.Goodpackagingcanhaveapositiveimpactonlayout,design,andoverallwarehouseproductivity.3.Therearetwobasickindsofpackages:theconsumerpackageandtheindustrialpackage.4.ThesupportfunctionsoflogisticsincludesOrderprocessing、Packaging、Materialhandling、Logisticsinformation.5.Theindustrialpackageisalsoknownastheexteriorpackage,andisprimarilyalogisticsresponsibility.6.Thisrolemayinvolveprotectionfromdamageinthewarehouseoronthewayoftransportation,securityfromtamperingorcontaminationbyotherproducts,orshieldingfromweather.7.Ifthepackagebreaksopen,theitemcanbedamagedorlost,orevencauseenvironmentalpollution.8.Theuseofunambiguous,readilyunderstoodsymbolssuchasaUPC(UniversalProductCode).Ⅱ.Backgroundreading(背景閱讀)EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Packagingistheendoflogistics,butitisalsothestartingpointformarket.2.Topackagingandhandlingrelations,suchashandremoval,packaging.weightshouldbecapableofartificialunit.3.Theitempackagingisreferstothesmallestpackinghandsovertotheuserhand's,orcompletelyorapartofthegoodsloadsintothebag,eitherinothervesselsandsealsconditionortechnology.4.Classifiedaccordingtothefunctionsofthepackaging,canbedividedintologisticsandmarket5.Commercialpackagingalsocalledretailpackagingorconsumerpackaging.Basedmainlyontheneedsoftheretailindustry,aspartofthegoodsorfortheconvenienceofcarryingthepackaging6.Inthefutureshouldbeasmuchaspossibletoactivelyimplementpackingcontainerrecyclingandasmuchaspossibletorecoveryofwastepackagingcontainerrecycling.7.Generalcargodoesn’thavetospecialhandlingorloading(includingstack),relativetothepurposesofspecialcargo.EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Plasticbags:U.S.generalrequirementsforheatsealing,madeofhigh-pressurePEmaterial;unlessthecustomerhasspecifiedrequirements,orrefused2.Ordinarybrowncorrugatedboxes:usedcorrugatedboxesfor3and5layercorrugatedboxes,afterproductpackaging,thegeneralusetapesealing3.Whitebox:canbedividedintoacorrugated(3layeror5layer)andnon-corrugatedwhitebox,afterthegeneraluseproductpackagingsealingtape.4.Plasticbags+hangcard:GeneralsaidPBH.5.Packagingmaterialsshouldbeabletoeffectivelyprotecttheproduct.Thereforeshouldhaveacertainstrength、toughnessandflexibilitysoastoadapttostaticanddynamicfactorssuchasstress、shock.Vibration,6.Accordingtodifferentrequirementsontheproductpackaging,packagingmaterialslikewater,steam,gas,light,fragrantair,odor,heat,etc.7.Packagingmaterialitselfislesstoxic,preventpollutionoftheproductandaffecthumanhealth;packagingmaterialsshouldbenon-corrosive,andhavetheinsects,moth,rats,inhibitionofmicroorganismsandotherpropertiestoprotectproductsafety.TASK5LogisticsInformationManagement物流信息管理ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases物流信息系統(tǒng)LogisticsInformationSystem數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)DatabaseManagementSystem條碼Barcode歐洲商品條碼EuropeanArticleNumber-13射頻識別Radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換ElectronicDataInterchange（EDI）地理信息系統(tǒng)Geographicinformationsystem（GIS）全球定位系統(tǒng)Globalpositioningsystem（GPS）Ⅱ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseIntegratedhuman-machinesystemusecomputerhardwareandsoftware,networkingequipmentandothertechnology,combinedwiththevarioustypesoflogisticsequipment,toprocessinformation,reducetheoverallcosttosupportenterpriseofmodernmanagementandcompetitiveadvantage.DatabaseManagementSystem，isadatamanagementsoftwarelocatedbetweentheuserandtheoperatingsystem,toscientificallyorganizeandstoredata,efficientlyacquireandmaintaindata.Radiofrequencyidentification,commonlyknownaselectroniclabel.Radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)isaautomaticidentificationtechnologyofnon-contact-typethatusesradiosignalstoautomaticallyidentifythetargetobjectandobtaintherelevantdata,toidentifytheworkwithouthumanintervention,canworkinallkindsofpoorenvironment.Thestructuredtransactiondataexchangedirectlybyelectronicstylebetweenthecomputerandthecomputer,itisthecrystallizationofthecommunicationstechnology,networkandcomputertechnology,madedataandinformationstandardizationGISisatechnicalsystemunderthesupportofthecomputersoftwareandhardware,tocollect,store,manage,retrieve,analyze,anddescribethespaceobjectsdataofthegeographicaldistributionanditsassociatedproperties,toansweruserquestionsasthemaintaskThereare24piecesofsatelliteintheGPSnetwork,tosafeguardtheglobalcanbecontinuous,real-timenavigationandpositioningby4ormoresatellitesobservations(upto11)stars,atanytime,anyplace.Ⅱ.Backgroundreading(背景閱讀)EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseInformationiscrucialinsupplychainperformancebecauseitprovidesthefactsthatsupplychainmanagersusetomakedecisions.Withoutinformation,amanagerwillnotknowwhatcustomerswant,howmuchinventoryistostock,andwhenmoreproductsshouldbeproducedandshipped.Inshort,withoutinformation,amanagercanonlymakedecisionsblindly.so,informationmakesthesupplychainvisibletoamanager.Asthisvisibility,amanagercanmakedecisionstoimprovethesupplychain’sperformance.Withoutinformation,itisimpossibleforasupplychaintodeliverproductsservicetocustomers.Withinformation,companieshavethevisibilitytheyneedtomakedecisionsthatimprovecompanyandoverallsupplychainperformance.Inthissense,informationisthemostimportantofthesupplychaindriversbecausewithoutit,nonetheotherdriverscanbeusedtodeliverahighlevelofperformance..ExercisesⅡStudythefollowingwordsandfilleachoftheblankswithoneoftheminrightverbpattern.strategyhigherindividualkeymaximizeentireenablecraftbroadaffectTheImportanceofInformationinaSupplyChainInformationisthe___key1__tothesuccessofasupplychainbecauseit___affect__managementtomakedecisionsovera_broad___scopethatcrossesbothfunctionsandcompanies.Successfulsupplychain__strategy_4___resultsfromviewingthesupplychainasawholeratherthanlookingonlyatthe__individual____stages.Bytakingaglobalscopeacrosstheentiresupplychain,amanagerisableto___craft_____strategiesthattakeintoaccountallfactorsthat____entire__thesupplychainratherthanjustthosefactorsaffectingaparticularstageorfunctionwithinthesupplychain.Takingthe___enable__chainintoaccount__maximize____theprofitofthetotalsupplychain,whichthenleadsto_higher__profitsforeachindividualcompanywithinthesupplychain.ⅢStudythefollowingwordsandexpressions.Thenfillintheblanks,changetheformwherenecessary.capturegatherserveprocessanalyzeutilizeunderstandoptimalelectroncombineinstalltransfer1．IT___combine____astheeyesandearsofmanagementinasupplychain.2．By___utilize____asupplychainITsystem,thecompanywasabletogatherandanalyzedatatoproducerecommendedstockinglevels.3．Wal-Marthasbeenapioneernotonlyin_capture_____information,butalsoin_process____howtoanalyzethatinformationtomakegoodsupplychaindecisions.4．Managersmustunderstandhowinformationis___gather____and___transfer____becauseinformationiscriticaltoasupplychain’ssuccess.5．Anadvancedorder___analyze____systemiscapableofprovidingawealthofinformationtovariousdepartmentswithintheorganization.6．Thebasicfunctionsofwarehousingaremovement,storage,andinformation__optimal_____.7．Inthefuture,warehousingwillmovetowardmoreandmorecomputer___electron____.8．Theabilitytosetinventorylevels__install_____iscrucialinthePCbusiness.9．___understand____datainterchangeapplicationsinlogisticsaregrowingamongallfirmsespeciallyamongFortune500manufacturersandmerchandisers.10．Inthesupermarketsector,computers,in____serve____withinformationsystems,havebeenusedwithgreateffect.()1.Withoutinformationsupplychainmanagersaredifficulttomakeimportantdecisions.()2.Informationmustbe100percentcorrect.()3.Up-to-dateinformationiseasilyaccessibleatanymoment.()4.Oftenaccurateinformationexistsoutofdate.()5.Alltheinformationisuseful.TASK6MaterialHandling物料搬運(yùn)ShortInterview(簡短回答)EXERCISEⅠ.Translatephrases物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)materialhandlingsystem機(jī)械化搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)mechanizedmaterialhandling信息導(dǎo)向搬運(yùn)運(yùn)輸和分類設(shè)備transportationandsorting存儲(chǔ)和訂單處理設(shè)備storageandorderpicking出貨設(shè)備shippingautomatedguidedvehiclesystem計(jì)算機(jī)分類computerizedsortation機(jī)器人robot活動(dòng)貨架liveracks高層自動(dòng)存取系統(tǒng)high-risestorage馬斯特箱mastercarton無線射頻控制設(shè)備RF-controlledequipment光導(dǎo)向操作Light-directedoperations.Ⅱ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Suchequipmentcanbecategorizedaccordingtothefunctionsperformed;thatis,storageandorderpicking,transportationandsorting,andshipping.2.Mechanizedhandlingisoftensupplementedbysemiautomaticequipment.3.Typicalequipmentsutilizedinsemi-automatedhandlingsystemsincludeautomatedguidedvehiclesystems(AGVS),computerizedsortation,roboticsandvariousformsofliveracks.4.Initialautomatedhandlingeffortsfocusedonmastercartonorderselectionsystems.Recently,emphasishasshiftedtoautomatedhigh-risestorageandretrievalsystems.5.However,automatedsystemsarenotwithoutdisadvantages.Itsshortcomingsarethehighcapitalinvestment,maintenancecosts,andinflexibilityandusertraining.6.Information-directedsystemsusemechanizedhandlingcontrolledbyinformationtechnology.Twocommonexamplesofinformation-directedmaterialshandlingsystemsareRF-controlledequipmentandlight-directedoperations.7.Whenacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystemsisusedtohandlematerial，thesystemisreferredtoassemi-automated.8.Mechanizedhandlingsystemsaremostcommon,buttheuseofsemi-automatedandautomatedsystemsisincreasing.Ⅱ.Backgroundreading(背景閱讀)EXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Specificmaterialhandlingoperationsare:horizontalorinclinedplanemotion-movingoperations;verticalmotion-loadingandunloadingoperations;stackingorpickup-raiseorlowerthework;shift-workingaroundtheverticalrotationandflip-turnoperationsaroundthehorizontalaxis.2.Equipmentselectionprinciple:tobeconsideredallelementsinthechoiceofhandlingequipmentforhandlingmaterials,includingtheuseofmovingandmethods.3.Handlingoperationalperformanceprinciple:thecostoftransportingtheunittodeterminetheperformanceoftransport.4.Theimportantfeatureofmodernmaterialshandlingmaterialsishandlingtothesameprocessingofassembly,packaging,testing,andtheprocessandvenue,thelogisticssystemaswholeandcomprehensivearrangementsfortheintegratedconsideration.5.Withtheautomationofmachineryproductshasimprovedcontinuously,includingthemechanicalhandandthewideapplicationofindustrialrobots,materialhandlingoperationsincreasinglycloserelationshipwiththeprocessingprocess,logisticssystemmanagementisalsomoreimportant.6.Tomaximizethepotentialofvarioustypesoftransportmachinerymustpayattentionwiththenecessaryauxiliaryequipment,suchaspallets,containers,slings,clamps,springboard,platform,maintenancefacilitiesEXERCISEⅠ.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Theyarearticulatedtoassureconstantofbothwheels.Theactionconstructionsinthesteeringaxlepreventssprungforksreducesloadsway,andpermitseasiersteeringandpulling.2.Theforkentrysystemputsanendtopalletchasing.Eachofthepalletforktipsequippedwiththreenylonentry/existrollers.Easyrolling,floor-protectingpolyurethaneloadwheelshavesealedballbearings.3.Thespecialhandledesignoffersprotectionsfortheoperator'shandleandmakesraisingloadsandsteeringeasier.4.Usingbiginclinedangleconveyortoconveyorscatteredmaterialscansavealotoffloorspacesofequipmentandradicallysolvetheconveyingheightgeneralpatternbeltconveyorcannotreach.5.Comparedwithgeneralconveyor,bucketelevatorconveyor,itscomprehensivetechnologyperformancesar