2024年岳麓版必修3英語上冊(cè)月考試卷

…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請(qǐng)※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………第=page22頁，總=sectionpages22頁第=page11頁，總=sectionpages11頁2024年岳麓版必修3英語上冊(cè)月考試卷106考試試卷考試范圍：全部知識(shí)點(diǎn)；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘學(xué)校：______姓名：______班級(jí)：______考號(hào)：______總分欄題號(hào)一二三四五六總分得分評(píng)卷人得分一、選擇題(共5題，共10分)1、Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe____officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft2、Whentheoldmangothome,hefoundhiswindowopen,buthedidn’tfindany_____ofbeingstolen.A.sightB.signC.sceneD.notice3、_______tocharitywork,hesparesnotimeandenergyforentertainmentandhashelpedalotofneedychildrentogobacktoschool.A.DevotingB.HavingdevotedC.DevotedD.Beingdevoted4、________fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabird’snest.A.SeeingB.BeingseenC.SeenD.Havingseen5、Theyoungman,________stealingabike,stoodthere,shakingallover.A.accusingofB.accusedofC.accusingwithD.accusedwith評(píng)卷人得分二、其他(共9題，共18分)6、Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto____.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?。A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C．Howtoliveazero-wastelifestyleinahousehold.D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.7、KingCanutecouldn’tstoptheocean’stidefromrollingin—canAfricaholdbackthedesert?That’scertainlywhatthecontinentistyingtodowithitsproposed“GreatGreenWall”,800km(almost5,00miles)worthoftreesthatofficialshopewillstoptheadvancementoftheSaharaDesert,whichhasbeenrapidlyexpandingsouthward.Theideawasintroducedinthe1970swhentheonce-richregionturnedbarren(貧瘠的)duetoclimatechangeandintensivelanduse.Butit’snotanewidea;ChinahasitsowndesertvegetationprojecttoholdbacktheGobiDesert!ThankstotheChineseplan,theAfricanprojectaimstoplant100millionhectaresoftreesby2030acrosstheentireAfrica.Theinitiativeisadecadein,andaround15%completed,andtherehavealreadybeenbenefitsformanycommunitiesandwildlife.It’sbringinglifebacktothecontinent’sdegradedlandscapesatanunprecedentedscale,providingnotonlyfoodsecurityandjobsbutareasontostayforthemillionswholivealongitspath.ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWallisaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingof____!”Thewallmayseemlikeamoonshot,butallthebestideasusuallyare.AsThomasSankara,formerpresidentofBurkinaFasosaidin1985,“Youcannotcarryoutfundamentalchangewithoutacertaindegreeofmadness.Thecouragetoturnyourbackontheoldformulas,thecouragetoinventthefuture.”

Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?。A．AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates.C．Landowners.D．AllAfricans.8、ForoneweekinMay,morethan100,000peopleintheUKcarefullycountedtheirplasticwasteathomeinanationalinvestigationintoplasticuseandrecycling.ItwascalledtheBigPlasticCount,runbyorganizationsGreenpeaceandEverydayPlastic.Sohowdidtheygeton,andwhatdidtheydiscoverabouttheirdependencyonamaterialthathasbecomeapartofoureverydaylives?Jules,41,andherfamilythrewaway124piecesofplasticduringtheirweekofcounting.Thepackaginginpartybagsandstickerpacksforherdaughter’ssixthbirthdaywasthemostupsetting,shesays.Shehadthoughtherhouseholdwasquitelowplasticandsowas“shocked”byhowmuchtheyused.“It’sthehiddenstuffthatisn’trecyclable—likepizzawrappers—thatgetsyou,”Julesexplains.“Everysinglesheetforthestickersinthepartybagscameindividuallywrappedinitsownunrecyclablebag,andthentheywerepackedtogetherinabiggerbag,”shesays.HerchildrenarepassionateaboutprotectingtheenvironmentbutJulessaysshefindsitveryhardasaconsumertomaketherightchoices.“Wecanonlydosomuch.It’sinthemanufacturer’shands.Thewholethingissuchajuggle(雜耍).”Taylor,a25-year-oldscheduler,saysofthe70piecesofplastichecounted,itwasthecucumberpackagingthatupsethimthemost.Hehasfamilywholiveabroadwherehesaysit’seasytobuyfruitsandvegetableswithoutanyplastic.He’dalsoliketoseemorelocalproduceinshopsdirectfromfarmers,whichwouldreducetheneedforexcessivepackagingusedtotransportgoodslongdistances.“Igetprogressivelymoreupsetwiththefactthatsupermarketssellsomuchplastic,”hesays.Evenifhecouldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostis____.“Thepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthingsthatarebetterfortheenvironmentaremuchmoreexpensive,”hesays.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inthelastparagraphmean?。A．FlexibleB．Reasonable.C．LowD．Sky-high.9、Theyogurtthat’spastitssell-bydate.Thebananainyourlunchthatturnedbrown.Theleftoversinthefridgethatyouforgottoeat.Formostpeople,allthatfoodgoesrightintothegarbagecan.Eighttotenpercentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions(放)arerelatedtofoodwaste,accordingtoareportbytheU.N.’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.“Whenyouthrowawayaneggorasandwich,”saysYvetteCabrera,foodwastevicedirectorattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(N.R.D.C.),“you’realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings.”____includesnotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizer(化肥)thatwentintoproducingthatfood,butalsothemassiveamountsoffossilfuelsusedtopowerthefarms,transportthefood,andcreatethepackaging.Thenthere’stheissueofwhathappenstofoodafterit’sthrownout.MorefoodendsupinU.S.landfillsthananyothertypeoftrash.Foodrottinginlandfillsproducesmethane(甲烷),agreenhousegasthat’sroughly25timesmorepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide,whichisproducedbyburningfossilfuels.

WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?。A．Provideapersuasiveexample.B．Addmorebackgroundinformation.C．Discussamoreseriousconsequence.D．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.10、KingCanutecouldn’tstoptheocean’stidefromrollingin—canAfricaholdbackthedesert?That’scertainlywhatthecontinentistyingtodowithitsproposed“GreatGreenWall”,800km(almost5,00miles)worthoftreesthatofficialshopewillstoptheadvancementoftheSaharaDesert,whichhasbeenrapidlyexpandingsouthward.Theideawasintroducedinthe1970swhentheonce-richregionturnedbarren(貧瘠的)duetoclimatechangeandintensivelanduse.Butit’snotanewidea;ChinahasitsowndesertvegetationprojecttoholdbacktheGobiDesert!ThankstotheChineseplan,theAfricanprojectaimstoplant100millionhectaresoftreesby2030acrosstheentireAfrica.Theinitiativeisadecadein,andaround15%completed,andtherehavealreadybeenbenefitsformanycommunitiesandwildlife.It’sbringinglifebacktothecontinent’sdegradedlandscapesatanunprecedentedscale,providingnotonlyfoodsecurityandjobsbutareasontostayforthemillionswholivealongitspath.ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWallisaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingof____!”Thewallmayseemlikeamoonshot,butallthebestideasusuallyare.AsThomasSankara,formerpresidentofBurkinaFasosaidin1985,“Youcannotcarryoutfundamentalchangewithoutacertaindegreeofmadness.Thecouragetoturnyourbackontheoldformulas,thecouragetoinventthefuture.”【小題1】WhatdoesAfrica’s“GreatGreenWall”aimfor?。A．Offeringmorejobsforlocals.B．Stoppingtheexpansionofdesert.C．Creatingaharmonioussociety.D．ImprovingAfricanlandscapes.【小題2】WheredidAfricagettheinspiration?。A．Fromtheirpracticesofplantingtrees.B．Fromtheprocessofstoppingflooding.C．FromChina’ssuccessindesertcontrol.D．FromAfricans’wisdomandhardwork.11、Besides,10%ofrichcountriesgreenhousegasemissionscomefromfoodthatwasgrownandnevereaten.Foodwastenotonlycontributestoclimatechange,butalsofoodinsecurityandextremepoverty.Asstatedabove,inthegreatestfoodwastingcountries,therearelawsthat____producefrombeingdonatedtopeopleinneed.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“confine”inparagraph3probablymean?。A．Refuse.B．Restrict.C．Contact.D．Protect.評(píng)卷人得分三、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(共2題，共4分)12、Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.。A.agreementsB.chatteringC.effortsD.feasiblyE.fulfillmentF.hard

G.introducedH.moralityI.persuadedJ.seizedK.spoiledHere’stoguilt-freeflyingMajaRosengaveupflyingadecadeagooutofconcernforitsenvironmentalimpact.Butwhenshebecameamotherandstartedhangingoutwithotherparents,shedidn’tbringitup,evenwhentheconversationturnedtoflying.Itwouldhave____themood.TheninApril2018,herhomecountryofSweden____ataxonaviation(飛行).Theclimateimpactsofflyingwereontheeveningnewsandthemoodchanged.Rosen____themoment.WithherneighborLottaHammar,shelaunchedacampaigncalled“Westayontheground”,whichhas____10,000peopletocommittoavoidflightsin2019.Kudos.Buthere’sthe____truth:inthegrandschemeofthings,barelyanyonewillfollowsuit.The____classestendtohavealottosayabouttheecobenefitsofavoidingmeat,cyclingandeatinglocallysourcedfood.Butthat____generallydisappearswhenitcomestoflying.Wecan’trelyoninternational____tostopaviationemissioneither.Yes,theUNhasfixedupadealtocapaviationemissionsbeyond2020.Butitlacksrealbite,allowingairlinestocontinueemittingcarbonprovidedtheyoffset(抵消)it.Allthismeanswecouldreallydowithgreentechridingtotherescue.Here,atleast,thereisalittlegoodnews.Evenrathersimplemeasureslikefreeingplanestoflyinstraighterlinescould____cutcarbonemissions.Hybrid(混合動(dòng)力的)electricaircraftarealsothepipeline.Andwealreadyknowthatplanescanmixupto50percentbiofuelsintotheirtanksandflysafely.It’stimetoredoubleour____tomakeplanesgreen.Inthemeantime,ifyouarestilllookingforaNewYear’sresolution,youmightwanttothinkaboutjoiningthose105000Swedes.13、選詞填空。

Withmoderategreenhousegases,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide____intotheatmosphere,Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmoreheatenergythannecessaryexistsbecauseofburninganincreasingvolumeoffossilfuels.Hence,thewarmingtrendhasaffectedEarth’secologyandharmoniousdevelopment.Newsreportsarefrequently____aboutpolarbears,sealsandpenguinsthatare____todeathbecauseofthemeltingice.Tropicaljunglesaredestroyed,makingthemlesshabitableforanimals.Whathumanbeingscan’t____isthatgarbageisthrowneverywhere,suchaswaterwaysandbasins.Facedwiththeseveresituations,worldwidegovernmentshavereformedpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandrestorethesensitiveecology.Dozensofenterpriseshave____andimplementedtheirconservationregulations,saying,“Wewillimmediatelycarryoutthedisposalofthewasteweproduce.”IndividualscanalsoseizeeverychancetoreducethecarbonfootprintbytheamountofCO2inthedailylife.AlthoughEarthhas____someecologicalchaos,peoplefromallovertheworldconfidentlysaythatthosemeasurescancreateasustainableworld.評(píng)卷人得分四、根據(jù)句意填寫單詞(共1題，共6分)14、_________onhowactorsmove,Kunoperasdonotnormallyhavecomplicatedstagesets.(根據(jù)句意填空)評(píng)卷人得分五、概要寫作(共1題，共2分)15、Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CitiesintheSeaTheymaybesmall,buttheybuildbigthings!Coralpolyps(珊瑚蟲),whichliveinthewarm,shallowpartsoftheEarth’soceans,areprobablythebiggestbuildersontheplanet.Coralpolypsturncalciumfromseawaterintoahardmaterialcalledlimestone.Slowly,theybuildupahardskeleton(骨架)aroundtheirbodies.Whenpolypsdie,theirskeletonsremain.Youngpolypsattachthemselvestotheoldskeletonsandmakenewskeletons.Overtime,weirdandwonderfulshapesareslowlybuiltupintoamazingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁).Scientistssometimesthinkofcoralreefsasunderwatercities.Aquarterofallknownmarinespeciesliveinreefhabitats―therearenearlyathousandcoralspecies.Reefsarealsohometomillionsofseacreatures,likefish,crabs,turtles,andsharks.Humansdon’tliveincoralreefcities,butwebenefitfromthem.Reefscreatejobsforpeopleinthefishingindustryandotherrelatedbusinesses.Coralreefsarealsopopularfordivers一manycountriesbenefitfromthetouriststhattheyattract.Lastly,chemicalsfromreefcreatureshelpscientistscreatenewmedicines,whichhelpdoctorstreatdifferentillnesses.Coralreefsareveryimportant,yetwedon’ttakegoodcareofthem.Environmentalproblemshavealreadykilledabouttwentypercentoftheworld’sreefs.Abouthalfoftheremainingreefsaredying,andexpertsbelieveallofEarth’scoralreefswillbeindangerby2050.Whyarethereefsinsuchtrouble?Foronething,peoplecatchtoomanyreeffishandoftendamagethereefs—diverssometimesbreakoffpiecesofcoral.Pollutedwateralsocausesproblemsbecausereef-destroyingalgaegrowsindirtywater.Evenairpollutionhurtscoralreefs.Globalwarmingcauseswarmeroceanwater,whichcancausepolypstolosehelpfulalgae.Withoutthatalgae,coralturnswhite.Thisiscalled"bleaching”，andifitcontinues,thecoraldies.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________評(píng)卷人得分六、圖畫作文(共2題，共8分)16、觀察下列三幅圖；寫一篇短文向英語報(bào)社投稿。

內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

1.圖畫內(nèi)容；

2.你的感受。

注意：

1.標(biāo)題自擬；

2.詞數(shù)：80詞左右；

3.可以適當(dāng)增加一些細(xì)節(jié)；以使行文連貫。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17、假設(shè)你是李華；為了提高學(xué)生的生活技能，你們班上周組織了一次“廚藝秀”。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記錄整個(gè)過程。

注意：1；詞數(shù)不少于100；2、開頭部分已寫好；不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：

“廚藝秀”a“cookingshow”activity;家常小炒simplestir-fries;班會(huì)課theclassmeetingLastFriday,ourteacherannouncedthatinorderto

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一、選擇題(共5題，共10分)1、B【分析】【詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他表示他很快就會(huì)離職時(shí)候我們都很驚訝。根據(jù)“made”和“soon”可知，此處表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用過去將來時(shí)，故B項(xiàng)正確。2、B【分析】【詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)這位老人回到家時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子開著，但沒發(fā)現(xiàn)被偷的跡象。A.sight景象；B.sign跡象；C.scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)面；D.notice通知；啟事。根據(jù)語義可知，雖然老人發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子開著，但沒發(fā)現(xiàn)被偷的跡象，所以用名詞sign符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。3、C【分析】【詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他致力于慈善事業(yè)，從不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力娛樂，并幫助許多貧困兒童重返校園。固定搭配bedevotedto“致力于”，此處省略be動(dòng)詞，使用過去分詞，作狀語。故選C。4、C【分析】【詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：從頂部看，體育館看起來向一個(gè)鳥巢。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處作狀語，主語thestadium與see之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，故填C。5、B【分析】【詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：被指控偷自行車，那個(gè)年輕人站在那里，渾身發(fā)抖。結(jié)合短語accusesb.ofsth.，意為“控告某人某事”，可知排除CD。分析句子可知謂語動(dòng)詞是stood且無連詞，空格處填入非謂語動(dòng)詞，Theyoungman與accuseof之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞短語作狀語。故選B。二、其他(共9題，共18分)6、略

【分析】【詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto____.(如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動(dòng))”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在這個(gè)過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如果你在一個(gè)不總是支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會(huì)感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要講述了作者如何在家庭中過零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。故選C?！窘馕觥緾7、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是非洲大陸試圖多種樹；創(chuàng)造“綠色長(zhǎng)城”以阻止撒哈拉沙漠的擴(kuò)張。

【詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.(這一倡議是非洲驅(qū)動(dòng)的，對(duì)非洲大陸的人來說至關(guān)重要，可能是成功的關(guān)鍵。)”以及““TheGreatGreenWallisaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingof____!”(“綠色長(zhǎng)城是關(guān)于所有權(quán)的問題，而這正是發(fā)展援助的失敗之處，因?yàn)槿藗儚奈凑J(rèn)同它，”非洲聯(lián)盟撒哈拉和薩赫勒綠色長(zhǎng)城倡議專員埃爾維斯·保羅·坦加姆說?！暗@一次他們認(rèn)同了。這就是我們的本性!)”可知，此處的us指“所有的非洲人”。故選D項(xiàng)。【解析】D8、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪袝?huì)不自覺地產(chǎn)生很多塑料垃圾,以及他們對(duì)此的看法。

【詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthingsthatarebetterfortheenvironmentaremuchmoreexpensive(所有東西的價(jià)格都在上漲，但是對(duì)環(huán)境更好的東西要貴得多)”和劃線詞所在句“Evenifhecouldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostis____.”(他說，即使他能找到不使用塑料的替代品，成本也是exorbitant。)”可知，此處指找到不使用塑料的替代品的成本更貴，劃線詞的含義與expensive同義，選項(xiàng)D.“Sky-high”意為“非常高”，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥緿9、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是我們將過期的食物丟進(jìn)垃圾箱這一行為給環(huán)境帶來的危害。

【詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Thenthere’stheissueofwhathappenstofoodafterit’sthrownout.(然后就是關(guān)于這些食物被扔掉后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情的問題了。)”以及“MorefoodendsupinU.S.landfillsthananyothertypeoftrash.Foodrottinginlandfillsproducesmethane(甲烷),agreenhousegasthat’sroughly25timesmorepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide,whichisproducedbyburningfossilfuels.(進(jìn)入美國(guó)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)的食物比其他任何類型的垃圾都多。在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)腐爛的食物會(huì)產(chǎn)生甲烷，這是一種溫室氣體，在大氣中吸收熱量的能力大約是燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳的25倍。)”可知作者想要告訴我們食物被扔進(jìn)垃圾箱后所產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果。故選C項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥緾10、略

【分析】【詳解】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“That’scertainlywhatthecontinentistyingtodowithitsproposed“GreatGreenWall”,800km(almost5,00miles)worthoftreesthatofficialshopewillstoptheadvancementoftheSaharaDesert,whichhasbeenrapidlyexpandingsouthward.(這當(dāng)然就是非洲大陸要修建“綠色長(zhǎng)城”的原因；官員們希望修建價(jià)值800公里(近500英里)的樹木，以阻止撒哈拉沙漠向南迅速擴(kuò)張)”可知，非洲綠色長(zhǎng)城的目的是阻止撒哈拉沙漠的擴(kuò)張。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butit’snotanewidea;ChinahasitsowndesertvegetationprojecttoholdbacktheGobiDesert!ThankstotheChineseplan,theAfricanprojectaimstoplant100millionhectaresoftreesby2030acrosstheentireAfrica.(但這并不是一個(gè)新想法;中國(guó)有自己的沙漠植被工程來遏制戈壁沙漠!由于中國(guó)的計(jì)劃，非洲項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是到2030年在整個(gè)非洲種植1億公頃的樹木)”可知，非洲項(xiàng)目的靈感來自于中國(guó)在利用植樹造林方面控制沙漠的成功。故選C項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥俊拘☆}1】B

【小題2】C11、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家10%的溫室氣體排放來自那些種植但從未食用的食物。糧食浪費(fèi)不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣候變化；還會(huì)造成糧食不安全和極端貧困。如上所述，在糧食浪費(fèi)最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家，有法律限制農(nóng)產(chǎn)品捐贈(zèng)給有需要的人。

【詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andthefoodthatdoesn’tmeetthesestandardsisthrownaway.Thereareincrediblystrictlawsaboutfooddonationthatactuallymakesitillegaltodonatefoodthatdoesn’tmeetstandardsthataresimilartothoseofthegrocerystoreaswellaslawsthatrestrictthisfoodfrombeingusedasanimalfeed.(不符合這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食物就會(huì)被扔掉。關(guān)于食品捐贈(zèng)有非常嚴(yán)格的法律規(guī)定，捐贈(zèng)不符合食品雜貨店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品是違法的，法律還限制這些食品被用作動(dòng)物飼料)”以及畫線詞上文“inthegreatestfoodwastingcountries”和后文“producefrombeingdonatedtopeopleinneed”可知，在糧食浪費(fèi)最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家，法律限制將農(nóng)產(chǎn)品捐贈(zèng)給有需要的人。故畫線詞意思是“限制”。A.Refuse.拒絕；B.Restrict.限制；C.Contact.聯(lián)系；D.Protect.保護(hù)。故選B?！窘馕觥緽三、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(共2題，共4分)12、略

【分析】【分析】

這是一篇說明文。本文由介紹一項(xiàng)由瑞典女性發(fā)起的“不乘坐飛機(jī)”運(yùn)動(dòng)開啟；進(jìn)而介紹目前讓航空業(yè)更加綠色環(huán)保面臨的問題，最后呼吁人們要加大環(huán)保力度。

【小題1】

考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：談話氣氛會(huì)被破壞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知；設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞過去分詞，與前面的助動(dòng)詞wouldhave構(gòu)成謂語，spoiled“破壞”為動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式，符合文意，故選K項(xiàng)。

【小題2】

考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：然后到了2018年4月，她的祖國(guó)瑞典出臺(tái)了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)飛行的稅收政策。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞作謂語；又根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inApril2018可知，該處應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞過去式，表示“引入（政策）”，introduce“引入；介紹”為動(dòng)詞；符合文意，故選G項(xiàng)。

【小題3】

考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：Rosen抓住了這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知；設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞作謂語；根據(jù)前文的句意可知，設(shè)空處還是表述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的過去式，seized“抓?。徽紦?jù)”為動(dòng)詞過去式形式，符合文意，故選J項(xiàng)。

【小題4】

考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她和鄰居LottaHammar共同發(fā)起一個(gè)名為“我們?cè)诘孛妗边\(yùn)動(dòng)。此次運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在2019年說服了1萬人承諾不再乘坐飛機(jī)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞作謂語；又根據(jù)空格前的助動(dòng)詞has可知，該處填寫動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，persuaded“說服”為動(dòng)詞過去式形式；符合文意，故選I項(xiàng)。

【小題5】

考查形容詞作定語。句意：但是這里有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí)：聲勢(shì)浩大的事情，幾乎任何人都會(huì)跟風(fēng)加入。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處應(yīng)填寫形容詞，hard“艱難的；殘酷的”為形容詞，作truth的定語；表示“殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)”，故選F項(xiàng)。

【小題6】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：喜歡對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)表意見的人們往往很愿意談?wù)撍厥?、自行車騎行和選擇就近生產(chǎn)的食物帶來的生態(tài)環(huán)境益處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空格處作定語，chatteringclasses為固定搭配；意為“清談階層；喜歡對(duì)政治或社會(huì)問題發(fā)表意見的人”，故選B項(xiàng)。

【小題7】

考查名詞。句意：但是這種道德準(zhǔn)則遇到飛行話題上就會(huì)缺位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填寫名詞，作主語；根據(jù)空格前的that可知，該處指代上文人們生態(tài)保護(hù)方面的道德準(zhǔn)則，morality“道德；道德準(zhǔn)則”為名詞；符合文意，故選H項(xiàng)。

【小題8】

考查名詞。句意：我們也不能只是依靠國(guó)際協(xié)議來阻止航空業(yè)的溫室氣體排放。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空格處應(yīng)填寫名詞，作賓語，agreements“協(xié)議；合同”為名詞；符合文意，故選A項(xiàng)。

【小題9】

考查副詞。句意：即使是相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的措施，如讓飛機(jī)以直線飛行，也可以有效減少碳排放?；旌蟿?dòng)力的電動(dòng)飛機(jī)也在蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空格處應(yīng)填寫副詞，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞cut，feasibly“可行地；行得通地”為副詞；符合句意表述，故選D項(xiàng)。

【小題10】

考查名詞。句意：我們?nèi)缃褚颖杜?，讓航空業(yè)變得更加綠色環(huán)保。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處應(yīng)填寫名詞，作賓語；efforts“努力”為名詞，符合文意，故選C項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥俊拘☆}1】K

【小題2】G

【小題3】J

【小題4】I

【小題5】F

【小題6】B

【小題7】H

【小題8】A

【小題9】D

【小題10】C13、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地球經(jīng)歷的一些生態(tài)破壞；以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)地球做出的一些努力。

【小題1】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳釋放到大氣中，地球可以維持生命。逗號(hào)前面是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，此處表示“釋放”為動(dòng)詞release，賓語為greenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，和動(dòng)詞release(釋放)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故填released。

【小題2】

考查語態(tài)。句意：有關(guān)北極熊、海豹和企鵝因冰層融化而餓死的新聞報(bào)道經(jīng)常被播出。此處是主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，由句意可知，表示“播放”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞broadcast，且主語Newsreports和動(dòng)詞broadcast是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式和are構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故填broadcast。

【小題3】

考查語態(tài)。句意：有關(guān)北極熊、海豹和企鵝因冰層融化而被餓死的新聞報(bào)道經(jīng)常被播出。此處是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“餓死”為動(dòng)詞starve，從句主語that指代先行詞polarbears，sealsandpenguins，和動(dòng)詞starve是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式和are構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)，表示“被餓死”，故填starved。

【小題4】

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：人類不能容忍的是垃圾到處亂扔，比如扔進(jìn)水道和盆地。此處是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“忍受”為動(dòng)詞tolerate，和主語humanbeings是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，由前面的can’t可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，故填tolerate。

【小題5】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：已有數(shù)十家企業(yè)提交并實(shí)施了環(huán)保法規(guī)，表示“我們將立即對(duì)產(chǎn)生的廢棄物進(jìn)行處理?！贝颂幨蔷渥拥闹^語動(dòng)詞，和implemented是并列謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“提交”為動(dòng)詞submit，且由句意和have可知，主語Dozensofenterprises和動(dòng)詞implement是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞形式哈have構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填submitted。

【小題6】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：雖然地球已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一些生態(tài)混亂，來自世界各地的人們自信地說，這些措施可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的世界。此處是although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“經(jīng)歷”為動(dòng)詞undergo，和主語Earth是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。由句意和has可知，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞和has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填undergone?！窘馕觥俊拘☆}1】released

【小題2】broadcast

【小題3】starved

【小題4】tolerate

【小題5】submitted

【小題6】undergone四、根據(jù)句意填寫單詞(共1題，共6分)14、略

【分析】【詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：基于演員的動(dòng)作，昆曲通常沒有復(fù)雜的舞臺(tái)布景。根據(jù)句意，bebasedon“基于；根據(jù)”符合語境，作狀語省略be動(dòng)詞，base與Kunoperas是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語，故填Based?！窘馕觥緽ased五、概要寫作(共1題，共2分)15、略

【分析】【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了珊瑚礁的成因及對(duì)人類的益處以及珊瑚礁受到威脅的各種各樣的原因。

【詳解】

1.要點(diǎn)摘錄。

①Youngpolypsattachthemselvestotheoldskeletonsandmakenewskeletons.Overtime,weirdandwonderfulshapesareslowlybuiltupintoamazingcoralreefs

②Scientistssometimesthinkofcoralreefsasunderwatercities.Aquarterofallknownmarinespeciesliveinreefhabitats.

③Humansdon’tliveincoralreefcities,butwebenefitfromthem.

④Coralreefsareveryimportant,yetwedon’ttakegoodcareofthem.Environmentalproblemshavealreadykilledabouttwentypercentoftheworld’sreefs.

⑤peoplecatchtoomanyreeffishandoftendamagethereefs—diverssometimesbreakoffpiecesofcoral.

⑥Pollutedwateralsocausesproblemsbecausereef-destroyingalgaegrowsindirtywater.

2.縝密構(gòu)思。

將第1；2兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組；將第4、5、6三個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。

3.遣詞造句。

Coralreefsconsistsofskeletonsofcoralpolyps,beinghometomarinespeciesandseacreatures.

Webenefitalotfromthem.

However,wedon’ttakecareofthembecausetheyarethreatenedbyenvironmentalproblems,fishing,divingandpollution.

【點(diǎn)睛】

[高分句型1]

Coralreefs,builtofskeletonsofcoralpolyps,arecalledunderwatercities,wherelivemanymarinespeciesandseacreatures.(運(yùn)用一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句對(duì)原文第一段和第二段進(jìn)行了概括。其中where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，built過去分詞作的后置定語等表達(dá)高級(jí))

[高分句型2]

Onefifthofthemhavedisappear