初中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法《過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)》的用法及練習(xí)題詳解

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)法詳解定義：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞）用法：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例如：WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨?。WhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他們離開(kāi)車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ).副詞或從句來(lái)表示。如：Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？(介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。(when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))3.在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，不一定完成；過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)事件，一定完成。表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。如：HeplayedwhenIwasstudying.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)，兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間完成的動(dòng)作?例如:Iwastypingaletterlastnight.昨晚我在打一封信?(可能沒(méi)打完)Itypedsomeletterslastnight.我昨晚打了一些信?(已經(jīng)打完)具體區(qū)別如下：1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。Shewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚給朋友寫(xiě)了封信。(信寫(xiě)完了)Shewaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚一直在給朋友寫(xiě)信。(信不一定寫(xiě)完)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。Shewavedtome.她朝我揮了揮手。3.句中有amomentago之類的短語(yǔ)一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4.句中有atthistimelastSunday,from8to9yesterday之類的狀語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作：IwastalkingtoTomtheotherday.那天我跟湯姆聊天來(lái)著。這里的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)給人的印象是這一動(dòng)作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同時(shí)還傾向于解除主語(yǔ)對(duì)于這一動(dòng)作所負(fù)的責(zé)任。句中誰(shuí)先開(kāi)口說(shuō)話既不清楚，也無(wú)關(guān)緊要。要注意它與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的差異：注意：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。如果把動(dòng)作分割開(kāi)，或者說(shuō)出其發(fā)生的次數(shù)，就必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)：ItalkedtoTomseveraltimes.我跟湯姆談過(guò)幾次話。Tomwashedbothcars.湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。當(dāng)然，看來(lái)是并行的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可以都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示：BetweenoneandtwoIwasdoingtheshoppingandwalkingthedog．一點(diǎn)到兩點(diǎn)之間我在購(gòu)物和遛狗。這樣用的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)通常和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如today，lastnight，intheafternoon連用。這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以看做是表示某一時(shí)刻，也可以看做是表示某一段時(shí)間。如上面例句所示，某一段時(shí)間也可以用確切的時(shí)間來(lái)表示。如想問(wèn)起一段時(shí)間怎樣度過(guò)時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)要用比一般過(guò)去時(shí)顯得有禮貌：Whatwereyoudoingbeforeyoucamehere？（你來(lái)這里之前做什么工作？）要比Whatdidyoudobeforeyoucamehere？聽(tīng)起來(lái)有禮貌。另一方面，Whatwereudoinginmyroom？（你在我的房間里干什么來(lái)著？）可能表示這樣一種情感：我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有權(quán)利在我的屋子里。但Whatdidyoudoinmyroom？卻毫無(wú)這種含義。不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……表示態(tài)度感情的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate……表心理狀態(tài)：feel,want,prefer……表占有：own,have,……表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù)：look,owe,be……when和while的用法區(qū)別兩者的區(qū)別如下：1.when是atorduringthetimethat,既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間；while是duringthetimethat，只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。2.when說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生；while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。3.由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，如：Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I_____(have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.2.Mary_____(go)overherlessonsfromsixtosevenlastnight.Johnandpeter____(do)thesamething.3.What_____you___(do)atthattime?We_____(watch)TV.4.Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?Yes,hewas.He_____(listen)totheradio.5.They_____(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.6._____they____(have)ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?No,they_____.They_____(clean)theclassroom.7.______it_____(rain)whenyouleftschool?Yes,it____.(No,it____)8.What_____yourfather_____(do)whenhewasurage?9.Oneday,Edison_____(wait)foratraintoarrive,andsuddenlyalittleboyrantothetrack(軌道)toplay.10.HeaskedmeifI______(go)fishingthatafternoon.11.Thethreeofthemwereinahurrybecausetheirplane_____(leave)infiveminutes.12.Inaletter,johntoldusthathe_____(come)tochinanextmonth.13.Whenthebellrang,jenny_____(wait)inherseat.14.She_____(make)herdressthewholeafternoon.15.Whilemyfather____(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenly____acry.二.選擇題。1.I______cookedamealwhenyou_____me.A.cooked,wereringingB.wascooking,rangC.wascooking,wereringingD.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhe_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.A.triesB.triedC.wastryingD.willtry3.Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.A.waswatching,washearingB.watched,washearingC.watched,heardD.waswatching,heard4.They_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.A.werewatchingB.watchC.watchedD.arewatching5.Whatbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?A.did,read,wasseeingB.did,read,sawC.were,reading,sawD.were,reading,wasseeing6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green_____readytoflytoEngland.A.aregettingB.getC.weregettingD.got7.LeiFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.A.is,thinking,wasB.was,thinking,isC.did,think,isD.was,thinking,was8.Agirl______mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_____me.A.saw,passedB.wasseeing,passedC.wasseeing,passedD.wasseeing,waspassing9.We____fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.A.werewaiting,waitingB.werewaiting,waitC.waited,waitingD.waited,wait10.He____hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.A.helpsB.wouldhelpC.washelpingD.ishelping11.Whilemother_______somewashing,I_____akiteforKate.A.did,madeB.wasdoing,madeC.wasdoing,wasmakingD.did,wasmaking12.“_______uangrythen?”“they______toomuchnoise.”A.are,weremakingB.were,weremakingC.are,madeD.were,made13.He____somecookingatthattime,so_____meA.did,heardB.did,didn’