電力變壓器損耗及損失電量速算表

電力變壓器損耗及損失電量速算表變壓器損耗分為鐵損和銅損,鐵損又叫空載損耗,就是其固定損耗,實(shí)是鐵芯所產(chǎn)生的損耗(也稱鐵芯損耗,而銅損也叫負(fù)荷損耗,1、變壓器損耗計(jì)算公式

（1）有功損耗：ΔP＝P0＋KTβ2PK-------（1）

（2）無(wú)功損耗：ΔQ＝Q0＋KTβ2QK-------（2）

（3）綜合功率損耗：ΔPZ＝ΔP＋KQΔQ----（3）

Q0≈I0％SN，QK≈UK％SN

式中：Q0——空載無(wú)功損耗（kvar）

P0——空載損耗（kW）

PK——額定負(fù)載損耗（kW）

SN——變壓器額定容量（kVA）

I0％——變壓器空載電流百分比。

UK％——短路電壓百分比

β——平均負(fù)載系數(shù)

KT——負(fù)載波動(dòng)損耗系數(shù)

QK——額定負(fù)載漏磁功率（kvar）

KQ——無(wú)功經(jīng)濟(jì)當(dāng)量（kW／kvar）

上式計(jì)算時(shí)各參數(shù)的選擇條件：

（1）取KT＝1.05；

（2）對(duì)城市電網(wǎng)和工業(yè)企業(yè)電網(wǎng)的6kV～10kV降壓變壓器取系統(tǒng)最小負(fù)荷時(shí)，其無(wú)功當(dāng)量KQ＝0．1kW／kvar；

（3）變壓器平均負(fù)載系數(shù)，對(duì)于農(nóng)用變壓器可取β＝20％；對(duì)于工業(yè)企業(yè)，實(shí)行三班制，可取β＝75％；

（4）變壓器運(yùn)行小時(shí)數(shù)T＝8760h，最大負(fù)載損耗小時(shí)數(shù)：t＝5500h；

（5）變壓器空載損耗P0、額定負(fù)載損耗PK、I0％、UK％，見產(chǎn)品資料所示。

2、變壓器損耗的特征

P0——空載損耗，主要是鐵損，包括磁滯損耗和渦流損耗；

磁滯損耗與頻率成正比；與最大磁通密度的磁滯系數(shù)的次方成正比。

渦流損耗與頻率、最大磁通密度、矽鋼片的厚度三者的積成正比。

PC——負(fù)載損耗，主要是負(fù)載電流通過(guò)繞組時(shí)在電阻上的損耗，一般稱銅損。其大小隨負(fù)載電流而變化，與負(fù)載電流的平方成正比；（并用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)線圈溫度換算值來(lái)表示）。

負(fù)載損耗還受變壓器溫度的影響，同時(shí)負(fù)載電流引起的漏磁通會(huì)在繞組內(nèi)產(chǎn)生渦流損耗，并在繞組外的金屬部分產(chǎn)生雜散損耗。

變壓器的全損耗ΔP=P0+PC

變壓器的損耗比=PC/P0

變壓器的效率=PZ/（PZ+ΔP），以百分比表示；其中PZ為變壓器二次側(cè)輸出功率。一、變損電量的計(jì)算：變壓器的損失電量有鐵損和銅損兩部分組成。鐵損與運(yùn)行時(shí)間有關(guān)，銅損與負(fù)荷大小有關(guān)。因此，應(yīng)分別計(jì)算損失電量。

1、鐵損電量的計(jì)算：不同型號(hào)和容量的鐵損電量，計(jì)算公式是：

鐵損電量（千瓦時(shí)）=空載損耗（千瓦）×供電時(shí)間（小時(shí)）

配變的空載損耗（鐵損），由附表查得，供電時(shí)間為變壓器的實(shí)際運(yùn)行時(shí)間，按以下原則確定：

（1）對(duì)連續(xù)供電的用戶，全月按720小時(shí)計(jì)算。

（2）由于電網(wǎng)原因間斷供電或限電拉路，按變電站向用戶實(shí)際供電小時(shí)數(shù)計(jì)算，不得以難計(jì)算為由，仍按全月運(yùn)行計(jì)算，變壓器停電后，自墜熔絲管交供電站的時(shí)間，在計(jì)算鐵損時(shí)應(yīng)予扣除。

（3）變壓器低壓側(cè)裝有積時(shí)鐘的用戶，按積時(shí)鐘累計(jì)的供電時(shí)間計(jì)算。

2、銅損電量的計(jì)算：當(dāng)負(fù)載率為40%及以下時(shí)，按全月用電量（以電能表讀數(shù)）的2%計(jì)收，計(jì)算公式：銅損電量（千瓦時(shí)）=月用電量（千瓦時(shí)）×2%

因?yàn)殂~損與負(fù)荷電流（電量）大小有關(guān)，當(dāng)配變的月平均負(fù)載率超過(guò)40%時(shí)，銅損電量應(yīng)按月用電量的3%計(jì)收。負(fù)載率為40%時(shí)的月用電量，由附表查的。負(fù)載率的計(jì)算公式為：負(fù)載率=抄見電量/S．T．Cos￠

式中：S——配變的額定容量（千伏安）；T——全月日歷時(shí)間、取720小時(shí)；

COS￠——功率因數(shù)，取0.80。號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：1班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.251530120622.80.53060156676.80.754590216766.80.95508263.52838.08500.252550154.059660.55100205.810560.757650292.0512060.99180360.361324.8800.254080219.151430.40.58160293.41574.40.7512240417.151814.40.914688515.162004.481000.255400260.417160.510800350.418960.7516200500.421960.919440619.22433.61250.256750303.1520550.513500413.422800.7520250597.1526550.924300742.6829521600.258640373.952515.20.517280502.22803.20.7525920715.953283.20.931104885.243663.362000.2510800439.831440.521600592.835040.7532400847.841040.9388801049.764579.22500.2513500520.837500.527000700.842000.75405001000.849500.9486001238.45544節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表Ⅱ型號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：1班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)3150.2517010619.247250.534020835.252920.75510301195.262370.9612361480.326985.444000.2521600749.457120.5432001010.464320.75648001445.476320.9777601789.928582.45000.2527000881.171400.5540001191.680400.75810001709.195400.9972002118.96107286300.25340201057.58590.050.56804014229865.80.751020602029.511992.050.91224722510.6413676.048000.25432001257.391800.5864001702.8108000.751296002445.3135000.91555203033.3615638.410000.2554000147093150.51080001992113400.751620002862147150.91944003551.041738812500.2567500179111643.750.51350002412141750.75202500344718393.750.92430004266.722173516000.25864002155.5137520.51728002898169920.752592004135.5223920.93110405115.626668.8節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：2班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.253060132640.80.56120204748.80.759180324928.80.911016419.041071.36500.255100171.39960.510200274.811760.7515300447.314760.918360583.921713.6800.258160243.91478.40.516320392.41766.40.7524480639.92246.40.929376835.922626.561000.2510800290.417760.521600470.421360.7532400770.427360.93888010083211.21250.2513500339.921300.527000560.425800.7540500927.933300.9486001218.9639241600.2517280416.72611.20.534560673.23187.20.75518401100.74147.20.9622081439.284907.522000.2521600490.832640.543200796.839840.75648001306.851840.9777601710.726134.42500.2527000580.839000.554000940.848000.75810001540.863000.99720020167488節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：2班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)3150.2534020691.249140.5680401123.260480.751020601843.279380.91224722413.449434.884000.2543200836.459520.5864001358.473920.751296002228.497920.91555202917.4411692.85000.2554000984.674400.51080001605.692400.751620002640.6122400.91944003460.32146166300.256804011799015.350.5136080190811566.80.75204120312315819.30.92449444085.2819187.288000.25864001405.897200.51728002296.8129600.752592003781.8183600.93110404957.9222636.810000.25108000164499900.52160002688140400.753240004428207900.93888005806.082613612500.25135000199812487.50.52700003240175500.75405000531025987.50.94860006949.443267016000.251728002403148320.53456003888213120.755184006363321120.96220808323.240665.6節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：3班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.254590144658.80.59180252820.80.75137704321090.80.916524574.561304.64500.257650188.5510260.515300343.812960.7522950602.5517460.927540807.482102.4800.2512240268.651526.40.524480491.41958.40.7536720862.652678.40.9440641156.683248.641000.2516200320.418360.532400590.423760.75486001040.432760.9583201396.83988.81250.2520250376.6522050.540500707.428800.75607501258.6540050.9729001695.2448961600.2525920459.452707.20.551840844.23571.20.75777601485.455011.20.9933121993.326151.682000.2532400541.833840.5648001000.844640.75972001765.862640.91166402371.687689.62500.2540500640.840500.5810001180.854000.751215002080.876500.91458002793.69432節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S7

生產(chǎn)形式：3班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)3150.2551030763.251030.51020601411.268040.751530902491.296390.91837083346.5611884.324000.2564800923.461920.51296001706.483520.751944003011.4119520.92332804044.9614803.25000.25810001088.177400.51620002019.6104400.752430003572.1149400.92916004801.68185046300.251020601300.59440.550.5204120239413267.80.753061804216.519646.550.93674165659.9224698.528000.251296001554.3102600.52592002890.8151200.753888005118.3232200.94665606882.4829635.210000.251620001818106650.53240003384167400.754860005994268650.95832008061.123488412500.25202500220513331.250.54050004068209250.75607500717333581.250.97290009632.164360516000.252592002650.5159120.55184004878256320.757776008590.5418320.993312011530.854662.4節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S9

生產(chǎn)形式：1班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.251530102.6471.680.53060129.6525.60.754590174.6615.60.95508210.24686.88500.252550135.457500.55100174.68400.757650239.859900.99180291.5281108.8800.254080191.551084.80.58160247.81228.80.7512240341.551468.80.914688415.861658.881000.255400231.312120.510800298.813920.7516200411.316920.919440500.41929.61250.256750271.814250.513500352.816500.7520250487.820250.924300594.7223221600.2586403211708.80.5172804201996.80.75259205852476.80.931104715.682856.962000.2510800384.619920.521600501.623520.7532400696.629520.938880851.0463427.22500.2513500448.9523100.527000586.227600.7540500814.9535100.948600996.124104節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S9

生產(chǎn)形式：1班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)3150.2517010537.152683.80.534020701.43250.80.7551030975.154195.80.9612361191.964944.244000.2521600640.531200.54320083438400.75648001156.550400.9777601411.925990.45000.2527000767.739000.554000997.248000.75810001379.763000.9972001682.6474886300.25340209574507.650.56804012365783.40.7510206017017909.650.91224722069.289593.648000.25432001120.551480.586400145867680.751296002020.594680.9155520246611606.410000.25540001378.557150.5108000184277400.751620002614.5111150.91944003226.321378812500.256750015846243.750.5135000212487750.75202500302412993.750.92430003736.81633516000.25864001945.579920.51728002598112320.752592003685.5166320.93110404546.820908.8節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S9

生產(chǎn)形式：2班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.253060111.6489.60.56120165.6597.60.759180255.6777.60.911016326.88920.16500.255100148.57800.510200226.89600.7515300357.312600.918360460.6561497.6800.258160210.31132.80.516320322.81420.80.7524480510.31900.80.929376658.82280.961000.2510800253.812720.521600388.816320.7531400613.822320.9388807922707.21250.2513500298.815000.527000460.819500.7540500730.827000.948600944.6432941600.25172803541804.80.5345605522380.80.75518408823340.80.9622081143.364101.122000.2521600423.621120.543200657.628320.75648001047.640320.9777601356.484982.42500.2527000494.724600.554000769.233600.75810001226.748600.9972001589.046048節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S9

生產(chǎn)形式：2班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)3150.2534020591.92872.80.568040920.44006.80.751020601467.95896.80.91224721901.527393.684000.254320070533600.586400109248000.75129600173772000.91555202247.849100.85000.2554000844.242000.51080001303.260000.751620002068.290000.91944002674.08113766300.256804010504932.90.513608016087484.40.75204120253811736.90.92449443274.5615104.888000.2586400123356880.5172800190889280.752592003033143280.9311040392418604.810000.25108000153363900.52160002460104400.753240004005171900.93888005228.642253612500.2513500017647087.50.52700002844121500.75405000464420587.50.94860006069.62727016000.25172800216390720.53456003468155520.755184005643263520.96220807365.634905.6節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號(hào)：S9

生產(chǎn)形式：3班制容量利用率月實(shí)際電量有功變損無(wú)功變損千伏安千瓦時(shí)千瓦時(shí)千乏時(shí)300.254590120.6507.60.59180201.6669.60.7513770336.6939.60.916524443.521153.44500.257650161.558100.51530027910800.7522950474.7515300.927540629.7841886.4800.2512240229.051180.80.524480397.81612.80.7536720679.052332.80.944064901.82903.041000.2516200276.313320.532400478.818720.7548600816.327720.9583201083.63484.81250.2520250325.815750.540500568.822500.7560750973.833750.9729001294.564266