電力變壓器損耗及損失電量速算表

電力變壓器損耗及損失電量速算表變壓器損耗分為鐵損和銅損,鐵損又叫空載損耗,就是其固定損耗,實是鐵芯所產生的損耗(也稱鐵芯損耗,而銅損也叫負荷損耗,1、變壓器損耗計算公式

（1）有功損耗：ΔP＝P0＋KTβ2PK-------（1）

（2）無功損耗：ΔQ＝Q0＋KTβ2QK-------（2）

（3）綜合功率損耗：ΔPZ＝ΔP＋KQΔQ----（3）

Q0≈I0％SN，QK≈UK％SN

式中：Q0——空載無功損耗（kvar）

P0——空載損耗（kW）

PK——額定負載損耗（kW）

SN——變壓器額定容量（kVA）

I0％——變壓器空載電流百分比。

UK％——短路電壓百分比

β——平均負載系數

KT——負載波動損耗系數

QK——額定負載漏磁功率（kvar）

KQ——無功經濟當量（kW／kvar）

上式計算時各參數的選擇條件：

（1）取KT＝1.05；

（2）對城市電網和工業(yè)企業(yè)電網的6kV～10kV降壓變壓器取系統(tǒng)最小負荷時，其無功當量KQ＝0．1kW／kvar；

（3）變壓器平均負載系數，對于農用變壓器可取β＝20％；對于工業(yè)企業(yè)，實行三班制，可取β＝75％；

（4）變壓器運行小時數T＝8760h，最大負載損耗小時數：t＝5500h；

（5）變壓器空載損耗P0、額定負載損耗PK、I0％、UK％，見產品資料所示。

2、變壓器損耗的特征

P0——空載損耗，主要是鐵損，包括磁滯損耗和渦流損耗；

磁滯損耗與頻率成正比；與最大磁通密度的磁滯系數的次方成正比。

渦流損耗與頻率、最大磁通密度、矽鋼片的厚度三者的積成正比。

PC——負載損耗，主要是負載電流通過繞組時在電阻上的損耗，一般稱銅損。其大小隨負載電流而變化，與負載電流的平方成正比；（并用標準線圈溫度換算值來表示）。

負載損耗還受變壓器溫度的影響，同時負載電流引起的漏磁通會在繞組內產生渦流損耗，并在繞組外的金屬部分產生雜散損耗。

變壓器的全損耗ΔP=P0+PC

變壓器的損耗比=PC/P0

變壓器的效率=PZ/（PZ+ΔP），以百分比表示；其中PZ為變壓器二次側輸出功率。一、變損電量的計算：變壓器的損失電量有鐵損和銅損兩部分組成。鐵損與運行時間有關，銅損與負荷大小有關。因此，應分別計算損失電量。

1、鐵損電量的計算：不同型號和容量的鐵損電量，計算公式是：

鐵損電量（千瓦時）=空載損耗（千瓦）×供電時間（小時）

配變的空載損耗（鐵損），由附表查得，供電時間為變壓器的實際運行時間，按以下原則確定：

（1）對連續(xù)供電的用戶，全月按720小時計算。

（2）由于電網原因間斷供電或限電拉路，按變電站向用戶實際供電小時數計算，不得以難計算為由，仍按全月運行計算，變壓器停電后，自墜熔絲管交供電站的時間，在計算鐵損時應予扣除。

（3）變壓器低壓側裝有積時鐘的用戶，按積時鐘累計的供電時間計算。

2、銅損電量的計算：當負載率為40%及以下時，按全月用電量（以電能表讀數）的2%計收，計算公式：銅損電量（千瓦時）=月用電量（千瓦時）×2%

因為銅損與負荷電流（電量）大小有關，當配變的月平均負載率超過40%時，銅損電量應按月用電量的3%計收。負載率為40%時的月用電量，由附表查的。負載率的計算公式為：負載率=抄見電量/S．T．Cos￠

式中：S——配變的額定容量（千伏安）；T——全月日歷時間、取720小時；

COS￠——功率因數，取0.80。號：S7

生產形式：1班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.251530120622.80.53060156676.80.754590216766.80.95508263.52838.08500.252550154.059660.55100205.810560.757650292.0512060.99180360.361324.8800.254080219.151430.40.58160293.41574.40.7512240417.151814.40.914688515.162004.481000.255400260.417160.510800350.418960.7516200500.421960.919440619.22433.61250.256750303.1520550.513500413.422800.7520250597.1526550.924300742.6829521600.258640373.952515.20.517280502.22803.20.7525920715.953283.20.931104885.243663.362000.2510800439.831440.521600592.835040.7532400847.841040.9388801049.764579.22500.2513500520.837500.527000700.842000.75405001000.849500.9486001238.45544節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表Ⅱ型號：S7

生產形式：1班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時3150.2517010619.247250.534020835.252920.75510301195.262370.9612361480.326985.444000.2521600749.457120.5432001010.464320.75648001445.476320.9777601789.928582.45000.2527000881.171400.5540001191.680400.75810001709.195400.9972002118.96107286300.25340201057.58590.050.56804014229865.80.751020602029.511992.050.91224722510.6413676.048000.25432001257.391800.5864001702.8108000.751296002445.3135000.91555203033.3615638.410000.2554000147093150.51080001992113400.751620002862147150.91944003551.041738812500.2567500179111643.750.51350002412141750.75202500344718393.750.92430004266.722173516000.25864002155.5137520.51728002898169920.752592004135.5223920.93110405115.626668.8節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S7

生產形式：2班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.253060132640.80.56120204748.80.759180324928.80.911016419.041071.36500.255100171.39960.510200274.811760.7515300447.314760.918360583.921713.6800.258160243.91478.40.516320392.41766.40.7524480639.92246.40.929376835.922626.561000.2510800290.417760.521600470.421360.7532400770.427360.93888010083211.21250.2513500339.921300.527000560.425800.7540500927.933300.9486001218.9639241600.2517280416.72611.20.534560673.23187.20.75518401100.74147.20.9622081439.284907.522000.2521600490.832640.543200796.839840.75648001306.851840.9777601710.726134.42500.2527000580.839000.554000940.848000.75810001540.863000.99720020167488節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S7

生產形式：2班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時3150.2534020691.249140.5680401123.260480.751020601843.279380.91224722413.449434.884000.2543200836.459520.5864001358.473920.751296002228.497920.91555202917.4411692.85000.2554000984.674400.51080001605.692400.751620002640.6122400.91944003460.32146166300.256804011799015.350.5136080190811566.80.75204120312315819.30.92449444085.2819187.288000.25864001405.897200.51728002296.8129600.752592003781.8183600.93110404957.9222636.810000.25108000164499900.52160002688140400.753240004428207900.93888005806.082613612500.25135000199812487.50.52700003240175500.75405000531025987.50.94860006949.443267016000.251728002403148320.53456003888213120.755184006363321120.96220808323.240665.6節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S7

生產形式：3班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.254590144658.80.59180252820.80.75137704321090.80.916524574.561304.64500.257650188.5510260.515300343.812960.7522950602.5517460.927540807.482102.4800.2512240268.651526.40.524480491.41958.40.7536720862.652678.40.9440641156.683248.641000.2516200320.418360.532400590.423760.75486001040.432760.9583201396.83988.81250.2520250376.6522050.540500707.428800.75607501258.6540050.9729001695.2448961600.2525920459.452707.20.551840844.23571.20.75777601485.455011.20.9933121993.326151.682000.2532400541.833840.5648001000.844640.75972001765.862640.91166402371.687689.62500.2540500640.840500.5810001180.854000.751215002080.876500.91458002793.69432節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S7

生產形式：3班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時3150.2551030763.251030.51020601411.268040.751530902491.296390.91837083346.5611884.324000.2564800923.461920.51296001706.483520.751944003011.4119520.92332804044.9614803.25000.25810001088.177400.51620002019.6104400.752430003572.1149400.92916004801.68185046300.251020601300.59440.550.5204120239413267.80.753061804216.519646.550.93674165659.9224698.528000.251296001554.3102600.52592002890.8151200.753888005118.3232200.94665606882.4829635.210000.251620001818106650.53240003384167400.754860005994268650.95832008061.123488412500.25202500220513331.250.54050004068209250.75607500717333581.250.97290009632.164360516000.252592002650.5159120.55184004878256320.757776008590.5418320.993312011530.854662.4節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S9

生產形式：1班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.251530102.6471.680.53060129.6525.60.754590174.6615.60.95508210.24686.88500.252550135.457500.55100174.68400.757650239.859900.99180291.5281108.8800.254080191.551084.80.58160247.81228.80.7512240341.551468.80.914688415.861658.881000.255400231.312120.510800298.813920.7516200411.316920.919440500.41929.61250.256750271.814250.513500352.816500.7520250487.820250.924300594.7223221600.2586403211708.80.5172804201996.80.75259205852476.80.931104715.682856.962000.2510800384.619920.521600501.623520.7532400696.629520.938880851.0463427.22500.2513500448.9523100.527000586.227600.7540500814.9535100.948600996.124104節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S9

生產形式：1班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時3150.2517010537.152683.80.534020701.43250.80.7551030975.154195.80.9612361191.964944.244000.2521600640.531200.54320083438400.75648001156.550400.9777601411.925990.45000.2527000767.739000.554000997.248000.75810001379.763000.9972001682.6474886300.25340209574507.650.56804012365783.40.7510206017017909.650.91224722069.289593.648000.25432001120.551480.586400145867680.751296002020.594680.9155520246611606.410000.25540001378.557150.5108000184277400.751620002614.5111150.91944003226.321378812500.256750015846243.750.5135000212487750.75202500302412993.750.92430003736.81633516000.25864001945.579920.51728002598112320.752592003685.5166320.93110404546.820908.8節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S9

生產形式：2班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.253060111.6489.60.56120165.6597.60.759180255.6777.60.911016326.88920.16500.255100148.57800.510200226.89600.7515300357.312600.918360460.6561497.6800.258160210.31132.80.516320322.81420.80.7524480510.31900.80.929376658.82280.961000.2510800253.812720.521600388.816320.7531400613.822320.9388807922707.21250.2513500298.815000.527000460.819500.7540500730.827000.948600944.6432941600.25172803541804.80.5345605522380.80.75518408823340.80.9622081143.364101.122000.2521600423.621120.543200657.628320.75648001047.640320.9777601356.484982.42500.2527000494.724600.554000769.233600.75810001226.748600.9972001589.046048節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S9

生產形式：2班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時3150.2534020591.92872.80.568040920.44006.80.751020601467.95896.80.91224721901.527393.684000.254320070533600.586400109248000.75129600173772000.91555202247.849100.85000.2554000844.242000.51080001303.260000.751620002068.290000.91944002674.08113766300.256804010504932.90.513608016087484.40.75204120253811736.90.92449443274.5615104.888000.2586400123356880.5172800190889280.752592003033143280.9311040392418604.810000.25108000153363900.52160002460104400.753240004005171900.93888005228.642253612500.2513500017647087.50.52700002844121500.75405000464420587.50.94860006069.62727016000.25172800216390720.53456003468155520.755184005643263520.96220807365.634905.6節(jié)能變壓器損失電量速算表型號：S9

生產形式：3班制容量利用率月實際電量有功變損無功變損千伏安千瓦時千瓦時千乏時300.254590120.6507.60.59180201.6669.60.7513770336.6939.60.916524443.521153.44500.257650161.558100.51530027910800.7522950474.7515300.927540629.7841886.4800.2512240229.051180.80.524480397.81612.80.7536720679.052332.80.944064901.82903.041000.2516200276.313320.532400478.818720.7548600816.327720.9583201083.63484.81250.2520250325.815750.540500568.822500.7560750973.833750.9729001294.564266