Unit10知識點 人教版英語八年級上冊

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!1.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutwhentohaveaclassparty.whentohaveaclassparty是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語或賓語(作賓語時可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的賓語從句)Eg:Wheretogoisaproblem.(主語)Theimportantproblemishowtotellhimthetruth.(表語)Theyhavedecidedwheretogo.=Theyhavedecidedwheretheywillgo.2....halftheclasswon’tcome.halftheclass相當于halfoftheclass一半學生當halfof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞與of后面接的詞的形式保持一致Eg:Halfofstudentsaretalkingloudlyintheclass.Halfofwaterisinthebottle.注意:(1)halfof后跟名詞，如果名詞前有the、this、my等詞進行修飾，此時of可以省略。Eg:HalfthepeoplearefromChina.Halfthisappleiseatenbymybrother.halfof后接代詞時，of不能省略Eg:Halfofthemenjoyedthepartylastnight.Half(n)半；一半(halves)表示:幾個半數(shù)字+名詞+and+ahalf數(shù)字+and+ahalfEg:onehourandahalfoneandahalfhourstwodaysandahalftwoandahalfdays 3.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?advice(不可數(shù)名詞)勸告；建議(可以用some、apieceof/pieces等來修飾)advice(相當于suggestion可數(shù)名詞)Eg:Lucycameupwithapieceofadvice.advice的用法如下:asksb.foradvice向某人征求建議givesb.adviceonsth.就某事向某人提建議takesb’sadvice聽取某人的建議getadvicefrom從...處獲得建議Eg:Youcanaskyourmomforadvice.HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Takemyadvice.Don’tdolikethat.Youcangetadvicefromyourteachers.advise(v)勸告；建議常見用法:advisesb.(not)todosth.建議某人(不)做某事advisedoingsth.建議做某事advisethat+從句建議...(從句應(yīng)用should+動原形式,should可省略)Eg:Mymomadvisesmenottostayathomeallthetime.Sheadvisesgivingherpocketmoneytothepoorpeople.Theteacheradvisesthatshe(should)studyhardtopasstheexams.4.Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldtrytokeepthemtothemselves.keep(v)保留；保存常用短語:keep...tooneself保守秘密(keepasecret/keepsth.quiet)Eg:Ihopeyoucankeepthesecrettoyourself.keeponeselftooneself不與人來往；不交際Eg:Heisashyboy,sohealwayskeepshimeselftohimeself.keep的常見用法:keepsth.保存某物；保管某物(常與howlong或與一段時間連用)Eg:HowlongcanIkeepyourbook?(你的書我能借多久？)keepdoingsth.一直做某事；堅持做某事Eg:Don’tkeepaskingfoolishquestions.keep+adj保持(某種狀態(tài))(keep為系動詞，后接adj作表語)Eg:Pleasekeepquiet.keepsb./sth.+adj使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)Eg:Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.keepsb./sth.away(from)使某人/某物遠離(...)Eg:Keepthedogawayfromtheroom.5.Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork...在(做)...方面有問題havesomeproblemswith...havesomeproblems(in)doingsth.havesometroublewith...havesometrouble(in)doingsth.havesomedifficultywith...havesomedifficulty(in)doingsth.6.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we’llcertainlyfeelworse.unless(conj)除非;如果不(相當于if...not...)常用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句(主將從現(xiàn))Eg:Ishallgotothelibraryunlessitrains.Ishallgotothelibraryifitdoesn’train.unless引導(dǎo)條件句，主要用于下列情況主句為肯定句Eg:Youwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryup.主句為否定句Eg:Unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tpasstheexam.7.Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.trust:(vt)相信；信任(后接n/pron/todo/that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)Eg:Noonetrustshimexcepthimself.Wetrustthatyouwillkeepittoyourself.Itrustmychildrentodoitbythemselves.trust:(vi)信任(常接介詞intrustin信任)Eg:Youshouldtrustinyourownjudgement.辨析:trust與believetrust:強調(diào)“信任、信賴”(相當于believeinsb.)believe:相信某人(說的話是真的)Eg:Ibelievehim,butIdon’talwaystrusthim.8.Whoelsecanyougetadvicefrom?else(adv)別的；其他的(一般用在疑問代詞who、what等)或不定代詞(something、nothing、somebody、anyone等)之后Eg:Whoelsedoyouwanttogowith?Whatelsewouldyouliketoeat?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?辨析:else與otherelse(adv)其他的；別的(一般用在不定代詞或疑問代詞之后)Eg:Whatelsedoyouwant?other:(adj)其他的(用來修飾名詞)Eg:Whatotherthingsdoyouwant?If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句1.定義:由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。狀語從句根據(jù)它表達的意思可分為多種，if引導(dǎo)的句子在復(fù)合句中表示條件，作主句的條件狀語，因此稱為：條件狀語從句Eg:Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：If+陳述句，主語+謂語主語+謂語+if+陳述句Eg:Ifyouaskhim,hewilltellyouthetruth.Hewilltellyouthetruthifyouaskhim.3.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句與主句時態(tài)的一致性在復(fù)合句中，從句中動詞的時態(tài)在一定程度上受到主句動詞時態(tài)的制約，這在英語語法中稱為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時表將來Eg:Ifitrains,Iwillstayathome.如果主句含有must、may、can等情態(tài)動詞，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時Eg:Ifyoudrivetoofast,youmayhaveanaccident.Youmuststopifthetrafficlightturnsred.如果主句是祈使句，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時Eg:Don’tgoandplaybasketballifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.if條件句與其他句式的轉(zhuǎn)化不定式短語與條件狀語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Itwillbeagreatmistakeforustowaitanotherweek.轉(zhuǎn)換成:Itwillbeagreatmistakeifwewaitanotherweek.“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句式中的祈使句相當于一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.如果是用or連接，那么if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用否定形式；如果用and連接，則用肯定形式Eg:Hurryup,orwe’llmissourtrain.Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llmissourtrain.Workhard,andyou’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.Ifyouworkhard,you’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.5.if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別(1)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，表示：假如、如果(條件狀語從句可位于句首/句末)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，表示:是否、是不是(意義同：whether,位于及物動詞之后)Eg:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiki