2021高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解定時(shí)訓(xùn)練題(21)及答案

2021高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精英定時(shí)訓(xùn)練題（21）及答案【廣東省中山市2021模擬（2）】CThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart—drivers.DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea,Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremote(遠(yuǎn)距離的)consol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The“winner,”iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.“Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,”saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwooftheear-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics,“Evenantscandoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It’sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.”Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere’sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.36.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause______.A.theydidnothaveanyhumanguidanceB.theroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversC.thedistancewastoolongforthevehiclesD.theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers37.DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto______.A.raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclesB.pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustryC.trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertD.improvethevehiclesforfuturewars38.Fromthepassageweknow“roboticvehicles”areakindofmachinesthat______.A.candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingscanB.cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitC.canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedownD.canmovefromplaceto101acewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings39.Intherace,thegreatestdistanceoneroboticvehiclecoveredwas.A.abouteightmilesB.sixmilesC.almosttwomilesD.aboutonemile40.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo.A.foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesB.foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableC.foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface【參考答案】36-40ADDAC閱讀理解Kate:Hasyoursister’sbabyarrivedyet?John:Yes,I’vebeenanunclesinceyesterdaynoon.Kate:Congratulations!Isitaboyoragirl?John:Aneight-poundboy.TheynamedhimFrancis.That’sspelledwithan“i”beforethe“s”,youknow.Kate:That’sright.Franceswithan“e”isagirl’sname.Buttheyarebothpronouncedthesame.WhydidtheynameyournephewFrancis?John:Idon’tknow.Theyconsideredalotofothernames,likeRichard,Edward,Philip,David,andseveralothers.Kate:Whatifthebabyhadbeenagirl?Didn’ttheyhaveanygirl’snamesinmind?John:Theycouldn’tagreeonany.Wheneverhesuggestedagirl’sname,shesaid,“Ihatethatname!”Somepeoplehaveverystrongfeelingsaboutnames.Kate:Ithinkmostpeopledo.SometimesIdecidednottolikesomeoneIhaven’tevenmet,justbecauseIdon’tlikehisname.John:ThatremindsmeofsomethingIreadafewdaysago.Somebodyhadfoundoutthatschoolchildrenwithcertainnamesgetlowmarksinschooljustbecauseoftheirnames.Kate:Theirfamilynames?John:No,theirfirstnames.That’swhatthearticlesaid.1.Thefirstsentence“Hasyoursister’sbabyarrivedyet?”means_______.A.Hasyoursister’sbabycomehereyet?B.Hasyoursister’sbabyreachedyourhomeyet?C.Hasyoursister’sbabybeensenttoyouyet?D.Hasyoursistergivenbirthtothatbabyyet?2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?A.Francisisboy’sname.B.Francesisagirl’sname.C.FrancisandFranceshavethesamepronunciation.D.ThereisnodifferencebetweenFrancisandFrances.3.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthatanephewis_______.A.ababyboy B.ababygirlC.thesonofone’sbrother’sorsister’sD.thedaughterofone’sbrother’sorsister’s.4.Readingthepassage,wecanknow_______.A.AmericanshaveonlyfirstnamesB.AmericanshaveonlyfamilynamesC.AmericanshavebothfirstnamesandfamilynamesD.Americanshaveeitherfirstnamesorfamilynames【答案與解析】本文是一篇對(duì)話(huà)，是John和Kate關(guān)于人的名字的談?wù)摗?.D。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。依據(jù)原文John說(shuō)的話(huà)Yes,I’vebeenaunclesinceyesterdaynoon可知Kate是問(wèn)John他的姐姐生了小孩沒(méi)有。所以正確答案為D。2.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)原文可知John的姐姐生了個(gè)男孩，取名Francis，F(xiàn)rancis是男孩名，而Frances是女孩名。Francis和Frances的讀音是相同的。由此可推斷出此題正確答案為D。3.C。推斷題。依據(jù)原文可知John的姐姐生了個(gè)男孩，取名Francis。然后再依據(jù)Kate問(wèn)John的話(huà)可推知nephew是指一個(gè)人的sister或brother的兒子。所以答案為C。4.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)最終兩句Kate和John的話(huà)Theirfamilynames?No,theirfirstnames…可知此題答案為C。閱讀理解Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience? Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties．However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience．Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop．

Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction

thatscientistsuseintheirwork Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable．Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth．Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively． Furthermore,

hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation． Lastly,

heisfullofimagination

sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete．Furthermore,

heneedsimagination

ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace． Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts．10．Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________ A．knowledgeonly． B．morethanoneaspect． C．technologyonly．

D．theuseofmachines．11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUE? A．Hedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork． B．Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained． C．Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections． D．Helooksfornewwaysofacting．12．Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________． A．easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements． B．easilycriticizeothers'researchwork． C．a(chǎn)lwaysusehisimaginationinwork． D．a(chǎn)lwaysuseevidencefromobservation．13．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistuses? A．complete B．objective C．complicated D．a(chǎn)ccurate14．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A．Applicationoftechnology． B．Progressinmodemsociety．

C．Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting． D．Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist．參考答案BCACCThereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine(內(nèi)燃機(jī))hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons(活塞)beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer’simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(讀寫(xiě)力氣);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficu1t,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase“l(fā)earningtouseacomputer”mean?Itsoundslike“l(fā)earningtodriveacar”,thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.Infact,“l(fā)earningtouseacomputer”ismuchmorelike“l(fā)earningtoplayagame”,butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothe1pyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.41.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.A.trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscienceB.beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydoC.learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskillsD.understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar.42.Inthesecondparagraph“violin-making”ismentionedtoshowthat.A.programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolinB.oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfieldsC.violin-makingrequiresasmuchskillascomputerprogrammingD.peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogramming43.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.A.programsarebecoming1esscomplicatedB.programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousersC.programmingisbecomingeasierandeasierD.programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers44.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase“l(fā)earningtouseacomputer”inPara.3meanslearning.A.asetofrulesB.thefundamentalsofcomputerscienceC.specificprogramsD.generalprinciplesofprogramming45.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis.A.tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsocietyB.toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracyC.toillustratetherequirementsforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrowD.toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob.參考答案41-45CDBCB【廣東省中山市2021模擬（2）】DAtthebeginningofthe20thcenturythereweremorethanamillionlionsworldwide.Todaytherearelessthan30,000inthewild.Theremaininglionsareincreasinglythreatenedbyhabitatloss,huntingandactivitiestoprotectfarmsandcattle.Forgenerations,MasaitribesmenonthelargeAfricanplainsinsoutheasternKenyahavehuntedlions—toprotecttheirfarmsandcattle.Todaytheycelebratethelions’life.NoahisanelderintheMasaicommunity.“WehavedecidedasacommunityoftheMasaitolaydownourspears,andtherewillbenomorekillingoflionsinourcommunity.”HeispartofagroupofMasaivisitingtheUnitedStatespromotingthePredator(捕食性動(dòng)物)CompensationProgram.ConservationInternational’sFrankHawkinsexplains,“TheMasaihavebeenlivingwithwildlifeformanygenerationsandithasbeenaconflictingrelationshipinmanyways.Theycompetewiththeanimalsforfoodaslionseattheircattle.We’retryingtofindwaysinwhichthewildlifewillbecomesomethingusefultothem.”TheyhadthePredatorCompensationFundfoundedin2003.Aftermuchdiscussion,agroupofMasaifarmersagreedtoprotectlions